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Mechanical and thermal characterization of electronic waste modified epoxy
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Sagar, Amar; Sah, P.L.
In the present thesis work experimental investigation to study mechanical and thermal properties of electronic waste modified epoxy has been done. The composite consisting of electronic waste particle reinforced in epoxy was fabricated using hand lay-up technique. Electronic waste plastic powder from television and keyboard cabinet was used as filler with epoxy matrix. The filler was transformed to micro size particles from grinder using grinding operation. Two million tons of electronic wastes are produced in India annually, thus posing an environmental challenge. Therefore, we have tried to utilize this electronic waste in the field of material science. This work reveals the systematic methodology of fabrication and evaluation of diverse properties of the epoxy based electronic waste reinforced composites. After applying the curing process, epoxy resin – electronic waste composites, with varying electronic waste weight percentages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were put to investigation. On the basis of mechanical testing results properties like tensile strength, Compressive strength, impact strength and hardness improved. The cured epoxy composite with 5 weight % electronic waste content was confirmed to be the best of all compositions under this scrutiny which was authenticated by the micro-structural and mechanical tests. Thermal testing showed insignificant changes in degradation temperature with 5% weight of filler being slightly stable. It is concluded that optimum results were found at a particular percentage of 5%. Thus properties have significantly improved for the developed composite as compared to pristine epoxy.
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Simulation & comparison of various control strategies for BLDC motor and experimental analysis of BLDC motor using FPGA controller
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Singh, Pawan; Srivastava, Ajay
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor belongs to the class of special electrical machines. Brushless DC motors offer many attractive features like low maintenance, good fault tolerant properties, fast response, noiseless operation, high efficiency, high power density, good reliability and compact construction. As a result, the brushless DC motors are increasingly being used in military, industrial and commercial applications. Its market is rapidly expanding. Since the development of motor, problems were encountered for variable speed but in last decade the continuing technological development in power electronics, microprocessors, adjustable speed drivers, semiconductor chips, have combined to provide reliable and efficient operation at varying loads and varying speeds. In BLDC motors the speed of motor drops with load so the prime objective of closed loop control is to maintain the motor speed constant irrespective of load changes. So closed loop is necessary in applications that demands better control and constant speed. The speed of the motor is fed back and compared with the reference speed continuously. Performance of BLDC motor depends on two factors. The performance of BLDC motor depends on two factors one is design of BLDC motor and second is the control strategies. Various types of control strategies have been proposed in the past for studying the behaviour of the BLDC motor during normal and transient periods. This thesis comprises of two parts. First part deals with simulation and comparison of various control strategies with reference to speed, torque and current response under different loading conditions at different speeds. Simulations were performed in MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulation results concluded that at rated speed, fastest speed control was achieved with PWM control strategy. Second part deals with experimental analysis of BLDC motor using FPGA controller in order to gain better understanding of motor performance and drive system. FPGA controller provided gate pulse for inverter switches based on PWM technique. For experimental analysis 1 HP Out-runner type BLDC motor was run at different speeds under different load and corresponding stator voltages, currents, power factor were measured with the help of FLUKE power logger and efficiency was calculated. Highest efficiency of 88.75 % was achieved at rated speed of 1800 RPM.
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Performance investigation of three phase induction motor drive by vector control strategy using Matlab/Simulink
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Sharma, Rahul; Swami, A.K.
Vector Control or field orientation control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control are becoming the industrial standards for induction motor control. The FOC technique decouples the two components of stator current: one providing the control of flux and the other providing the control of torque. The flux as well as the torque level of the machine is controlled with perpendicular components of the stator current vector in the synchronously rotating reference frame (SRRF). Thus a current control loop is usually realized which controls the stator current and calculates the necessary inverter switching states. In Direct torque control to achieve the decoupling of flux and torque components, the flux and the torque errors are processed in hysteresis controller. The inverter switching states necessary to achieve the flux and torque levels are then directly obtained from a switching table with the stator flux angle as additional input. The motor torque and flux become direct controlled variables and hence, the name — Direct Torque Control. This thesis work gives a contribution for a detailed analysis of between the two control techniques, emphasizing upon the advantages and disadvantages respectively. The performance of the two control schemes is evaluated based on various criteria including the complexity of control and the dynamic performance. The dynamic response of FOC and direct torque control under various operating conditions such as no load, step load, fan load is simulated and examined in MATLAB 2016 environment.
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Design optimization and performance simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Gope, Deepayan; Goel, S.K.
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Modelling and simulation of matrix converter using space vector modulation techniques
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Misra, Sudheeksha; Arora, Sudha
In today’s world there is a demand for intelligent power supply systems for different industrial applications and for fulfilment of all these modernization needs the industries require a different types of intelligent power converter for their process and hence, AC to AC power converter are becoming essential for the industrial applications. This conversion is usually done using the traditional converter consisting of rectifier and inverter linked by a storage element normally the electrolytic capacitor which makes the converter bulky and reduces the reliability of the system. Hence, to overcome this drawback, Matrix Converters are gaining the researchers attention as an alternative to the traditional converters. The Matrix converter is the most versatile converter and has many advantages over the other converters such as it directly convert AC to AC without any dc link, has compact design, bi-directional power flow capability, generate high quality desired waveform. In this thesis the fundamental of Matrix Converter, its switching conditions and the different bi-directional switches which are used in Matrix Converter are discussed. The Matrix Converter has many modulation techniques invented up till now but the most efficient is the Space Vector Modulation technique, In the terms of the Matrix Converter, the Space Vector Modulation technique is of two types Direct Space Vector Modulation and Indirect Space Vector Modulation and both the Direct and Indirect space vector modulation have been discussed in detail in this work with its implementation using the MATLAB/Simulink environment and from the results and analysis it has been concluded that the Indirect Matrix Converter has higher THD for input and output currents as compare to the Direct Matrix Converter.
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Design, modelling and fault analysis of induction motor drive system using ANSYS
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Sharma, Rajat; Singh, Rajiv
Induction motors have wide applications in industries by virtue of its reliability, efficiency, robustness, self-starting capability and low cost. With rapid developments in power electronics over the past few years, the 3-ɸ induction motor has acquired a unique place in the variable speed application drives. The PWM-VSI fed 3-ɸ induction motor drives have pioneered in industrial applications for variable speed operations such as traction, robotics, aeronautics and railway. The fast switching, high efficiency, simple gate signal commutations control and ability to manage high short-circuit current of power switches like IGBT have created wide applications of VSIs for the drives. However, these IM drives are prone to different types of faults like IGBT switch short-circuit and open circuit fault. On an approx. nearly 53% failures occur in the control circuit while 38% failures are majorly associated with the power components of variable speed drives. Thus, it becomes crucial to investigate the complete design, modelling and fault analysis of the IM drive system. This thesis presents a comprehensive performance analysis of PWM-VSI fed IM drive system under normal and fault operation. This work is an attempt to encompass various aspects of design, modelling, simulation and analysis of the IM drive circuit. Typical cases of IGBT open-circuit and short-circuit faults have been analysed in the proposed work. The 7.5 kW prototype of SCIM has been designed in RMxprt and Maxwell 2D design tools for finite element analysis. While the SPWM controlled inverter circuit has been designed in the Simplorer design tool. The Maxwell 2D motor model and Simplorer circuit design are then co-simulated in order to investigate the performance of the open-loop drive system and analysis of the open-circuit and short-circuit faults in inverter IGBT.
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Simulation, control and fault analysis of 6/4 switched reluctance motor drive using MATLAB
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Singh, Mukul; Saxena, Ravi
The Switched Reluctance Motor is quite popular due to its low cost, simple construction, robustness, high operating speeds and high fault tolerant capabilities. Switched Reluctance machines have gained popularity during the past four decades and a rapid development of SRM led to its wide-spread industrial applications. The modelling, simulation and fault analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor under different operating conditions is necessary to investigate the fault tolerant behaviour of SRM. This thesis presents a comprehensive performance analysis of SRM drive under fault and abnormal operating conditions. This work is an attempt to encompass various aspects of modelling, simulation, analysis and control. The hysteresis current controller is used to limit current within the reference values and the fuzzy logic speed controller is used to provide speed control at reference values with minimum torque ripples. Typical cases considered are: converter device short circuit, converter device open circuit fault and motor terminal short circuit faults. Pre fault conditions are taken under no load and the performance parameters under fault conditions are speed, torque, rise time, flux and current. The response of torque, current, speed and flux are compared under different normal and abnormal/fault conditions to illustrate the fault tolerant characteristics of the SRM drive system under dynamic operating conditions. A 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor is used in present study and the MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate the model of SRM drive system.
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Performance investigation of axially and transversally laminated synchronous reluctance motors
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-01) Rawat, Harendra Singh; Srivastava, Ajay
Electric motors considered as workhorse of the modern industries, consume about 70% of the industrial electrical demand. Hence there is an increasing demand for motors which are highly efficient, economical and provides high power output per unit volume. A few newly adopted machines like permanent magnet and reluctance machines have replaced the conventional dc and induction motors in many applications. But the permanent magnets being made up of costly rare earth materials have now given way for more reliable and satisfactory reluctance machines. The rotor design of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) has a significant effect on its efficiency, torque ripple and maximum torque. In order to achieve a good compromise between these three goals, optimized rotor design is necessary. Due to nonlinear characteristics of magnetic materials, finite element method is considered to be a better approach for rotor optimization of the SynRM. The two most crucial design parameters of a SynRM are position and width of flux-barriers for the torque output and torque ripple. This paper proposes an approach to obtain the optimized values of the above mentioned parameters. So in order to achieve design with a low torque ripples and enhanced torque output for a SynRM with full pitch distributed windings in 24 slots on stator. This method is valid for a wide range of SynRMs. It also provides insight into the behaviour of the machine as a function of position and width of flux barriers. Furthermore, the torque and torque ripple of SynRMs having an axially and transversally laminated rotor are compared.
Unknown
Conversion of squirrel cage induction motor into permanent magnet generator and its finite element analysis
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Sandhu, Harpal; Singh, Rajiv
The global electrical energy consumption is rising and there is steady increase of the demand on power generation. So in addition to conventional power generation units, a large number of renewable energy units are being integrated into the power system. A wind electrical generation system is the most cost competitive of all the environmentally clean and safe renewable energy sources in world. A relatively simple and low cost method for making permanent magnet wind turbine electric generators from burnt out squirrel cage induction motor, has been described in this thesis. Different types of generators used in wind turbines and general properties sought in a wind turbine generator are discussed first, and then the procedure of how to make a workable, multi-magnets poles, permanent magnet generator, from burnt out ordinary squirrel cage induction motors easily available at through away prices in the junk markets, is described. Finally, the test results of a 746 W generator are developed using single magnet and double magnet. The cost and performance analyses are studied. The Finite Element Method is used to study the flux density and magnetic flux path, followed by the energy density of Neodymium Iron-Boron (NdFeB) magnets. Different designs are used to analyze the results using QUICK FIELD software.

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