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Open Access
Studies on mineral profile in feeds, soil and animals in Haridwar district of Uttaranchal
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-01) Tiwary, Manoj Kumar; Tiwari, D.P.
A survey was conducted in four villages, two each from Roorkee and Laksar Tehsils, of Haridwar district of Uttaranchal in order to find out the existing livestock practices, macro and micro nutrients profile in soil, feeds and fodder and animals and also to establish the correlations among soil, plant and animals. Fifteen farmers under three major categories on land holding basis i.e. landless (0 acre), small (2-5 acres) and large (>5 acres) from each village were selected, from where the above informations and samples of soil, feeds, fodder and blood of animals of different physiological status were collected. The collected feed, soil, water and blood samples were subjected for macro and micro nutrient analysis. The CP (23.41 %) and total ash (16.91 %) content were highest in cowpea green whereas, lowest in wheat straw (3.33 % and 7.70 %), in Roorkee Tehsil. While in concentrate, CP content was highest in soybean cake. Animals of the target area showed negative balances in DM, CP and ME intakes. Aneostrus problems were higher in the villages of Roorkee Tehsil as compared to Laksar Tehsil whereas, incidence of repeat breeding in cattle and buffaloes were higher in villages of Laksar Tehsil than Roorkee Tehsil. Only soil of Roorkee Tehsil was found deficient in calcium while rest minerals were found above their respective critical levels. In concentrate ingredients, all minerals except copper such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese and selenium were above their respective critical levels with corresponding values as 0.38 ± 0.01, 0.36 ± 0.02, 0.11 ± 0.01 per cent, 53.77 ± 1.78, 279.95 ± 6.96, 0.31 ± 0.04, 65.93 ± 4.34 and 0.15 ± 0.02 ppm, respectively, whereas, copper was found 7.74 ± 0.51 ppm, below its critical level. Likewise, in roughage, minerals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese and selenium were above the critical levels with corresponding values as 0.36 ± 0.03, 0.10 ± 0.01 per cent, 53.50 ± 6.47, 297.78 ± 21.73, 0.49 ± 0.12, 47.01 ± 8.01 and 0.18 ± 0.02 ppm, respectively, whereas, phosphorus and copper were 0.20 ± 0.03 per cent and 5.06 ± 0.75 ppm, respectively, below their respective critical level. The blood serum mineral concentration except for copper and phosphorus i.e. calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese (10.43 ± 0.22 mg/dl, 1.65 ± 0.14 mg/dl, 1.54 ± 0.11 ppm, 1.97 ± 0.19 ppm and 0.54 ± 0.02 ppm) were found to be above their respective critical levels and were not deficient. The serum phosphorus (3.79 ± 0.21 mg/dl) and copper (0.46 ± 0.07 ppm) were deficient with their values falling below their respective critical levels. Soil-plant-animal correlations for different minerals did not show clear cut picture regarding their accumulation in plants and utilization by the animals. Research findings revealed for the supplementation of phosphorus, copper as well as magnesium in the selected areas of Haridwar.
Open Access
Studies on mineral profile in feed, soil and animals in Pithoragarh district of Uttaranchal
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-05) Shukla, Saraswati; Tiwari, D.P.
A survey was conducted in four villages, two each from Pithoragarh and Gangolihat Tehsils, of Pithoragarh district of Uttaranchal in order to find out the existing livestock feeding practices, macro and micro nutrients profile in soil, feeds and fodder and animals and also to establish the correlations among soil, plant and animals. Fifteen farmers under four major categories on land holding basis i.e landless (0 acre), marginal (<1 acres), small (1-2 acres) and medium (>2 acres) were selected to collect samples of soil, feeds and blood of animals of different physiological status. The collected feed, soil, water and blood samples were subjected for macro and micro nutrient analysis. The CP (14.50%) content were highest in shahtut leaves whereas, lowest in paddy straw (3.35 %). While in concentrate, CP content was highest in commercial pellet. Animals of the target area showed negative balances in DM, DCP and TDN intakes. Aneostrus, repeat breeding and other reproductive problems were higher in the villages of Gangolihat Tehsil as compared to Pithoragarh Tehsil. The soil of all the villages was deficient in calcium while other minerals were above to their corresponding critical levels. In concentrates all minerals except calcium and copper such as phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, and manganese were found above the critical levels, whereas calcium (0.156 ±0.001 per cent) and copper (7.10 ± 0.17 ppm) were below the critical level. Likewise, in roughage calcium and copper were 0.175 ± 0.006 per cent and 6.78 ± 0.17 ppm, respectively which fall below critical level while other minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt and manganese were above the critical levels. The blood serum mineral concentration except calcium, copper and manganese i.e. phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron were above the critical levels and not found deficient. The serum calcium (4.33 ± 0.12 mg/dl), copper (0.34 ± 0.07 ppm) and manganese (0.18 ± 0.09 ppm) concentration were deficient and were below critical levels. Soil-plant-animal correlations for different minerals did not show clear-cut picture regarding their accumulation in plants and utilization by the animals. Research findings revealed that the supplementation of calcium, copper and manganese in the ration of animals is inevitable in these two Tehsils of district Pithoragarh.
Open Access
Effect of supplementation of different types of mineral mixture on blood biochemical profile, weight gain and nutrient utilization in local goats
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Singh, Neelam; Rahal, Anshu
In India, mineral mixtures for feeding ruminants are available in market under various trade names. In the present experiment, three types of mineral mixtures were used as selective mineral mixture, Mineramin and Minfa. 20 local goats were used to study the effect of supplementation of different types of mineral mixture on nutrient utilization, body weight gain, blood biochemical profile and evaluation of its economic value. The Goats divided in four groups of 5 each on BW basis (initial BW 18- 20 kg, 1.5-2.0 years) were given mineral mixture @ 2% of the concentrate mixture along with basal ration. DM and DCP intake showed significantly (P
Open Access
Effect of feeding shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) and saijan (Moringa oliefera) on nutrients intake, digestibility and milk production in crossbred lactating cows
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-08) Mishra, Indu Shekhar; Jaiswal, R.S.
Since hundreds of years livestock is an integral part of mixed farming system. The ancient history of India is very rich in herbal medicines. Animal productivity in terms of growth and milk yield can be improved by using different herbs as a component of animal feed. Present study was conducted at Instructional Dairy Farm (I.D.F.) Nagla, College of Veterinary and Animal Science of G. B. P. U. A. and T., Pantnagar in order to see the effect of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) and Saijan (Moringa oleifera) supplementation in cross bred lactating cows on nutrients intake, nutrients utilization, milk production and composition. All the animals were grouped under three groups and put on two different treatments. One gets Shatavari and another gets Saijan @ 100 gm/day/animal. When dry matter intake was calculated on the basis of per 100 kg body weight, the values were 2.93, 3.50 and 3.03 kg in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, and they differed significantly. The DMI in terms of g/kg W0.75 were 127.98, 153.22 and 135.15 in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, and they also differed significantly. Organic matter intake in terms of kg/100 kg body weight and g/kg W0.75were significantly (P < 0.05) different among groups. The values in terms of OMI kg/100 kg body weight were 2.66, 3.17 and 2.75 in G1, G2 and G3, respectively and OMI g/kg W0.75 were 116.22, 139.09 and 122.59 in G1, G2 and G3, respectively. In G2 there was significant (P<0.05) increase in TLC among individual animals. There was significant (P<0.05) difference among the groups and within the groups in total erythrocyte count (TEC). The overall average milk production (l/day) was 12.00, 12.89 and 12.79 in G1, G2 and G3, respectively.
Open Access
Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder as feed additive on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Bhadruriya, Mohit Kumar Singh; Ashoka Kumar
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of ground fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds and turmeric (Curcuma longa)rhizome powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, haemato-biochemical parameters, carcass traits and sensory evaluation in commercial broilers. A total of 100, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups with 2 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet without any supplementation, whereas in treatment group T2, T3, T4 and T5,basal diet was supplemented with 1.0% fenugreek seed, 0.5% turmeric rhizome, 1.0% fenugreek plus 0.5% turmeric and 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric,respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 2242 days (finisher phase). Feed intake and body weight changes in broiler chicks were recorded at weekly intervals and a metabolism trial of 3 days collection period was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. Results of trail indicate that during the starter phase (0-21 days), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (673.70 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (626.40g), T2 (647.30g)and T3 (646.10g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4and T5. During 22- 42 days (finisher phase), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (1300.30g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (1089.80g), T2 (1170.90g) and T3 (1213.00g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4 and T5.FCR and performance index were improved in broiler chicks of treatment groups T4and T5. During whole experimental period (0-42 days),supplementation of fenugreek seed plus turmeric rhizome powder improved broiler performance in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and performance index. The average cumulative body weight was 1759.00, 1861.14, 1902.00, 2052.20 and 2006.80g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and differed significantly (P<0.05) among different groups. Nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein andcrude fatwas significantly (P<0.05) improved in broilers fed diet supplemented with fenugreek seed and turmeric rhizome powderas compared to control. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement in protein content and reduction in fat content of breast and thigh muscles. Significant (P<0.05) difference were observed in haemoglobinand packed cell volume in broilers of supplemented groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and glucose level were recorded in broilers of treatment groups. Whereas, there was non-significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin level.Serum enzymes activity viz., ALP, SGPT and SGOT showed non-significant difference among the broilers of treatmentgroups. It is concluded that incorporation of 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in basal diet of broilers improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, increase haemoglobin,packed cell volumeand reduced serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum glucose level,along with increased amount of protein and decreased fat content in thigh muscle. which in turn is beneficial in producing the designer meat in broiler chickens.
Open Access
Effect of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharides and citric acid on nutrient utilization and growth performance in broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Salame, Aarti
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides and citric acid on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 100, dayold broiler chickens were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups with 2 replication each i.e. 10 broiler chickens per replicate. Chickens of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diet), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3, T4 and T5, basal diet was incorporated with 0.1% mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), 0.2% citric acid, 0.05% MOS with 0.1% citric acid, and 0.1% MOS with 0.2% citric acid, respectively, as feed additive. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. During the starter phase (0-21 days), the weight gain was improved significantly in broiler chickens of treatment groups T5 (469.85 g) fed diet is supplemented with 0.1 % MOS in combination with 0.2% citric acid followed by T4 (452.75 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS and 0.1% citric acid, T3 (443.40 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.2% citric acid as compared with T2 (425.85 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.1% MOS and T1 (390.75 g) fed diet supplemented with control diet. During 21- 42 days (finisher phase), the average body weight gain was 1025.3, 1062.8, 1118.0, 1235.6 and 1251.4 g in broiler chickens of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively and differed significantly among different groups. Feed intake was not differed significantly in broiler chickens of various treatment groups. Feed conversion ratio, performance index broiler chickens differed significantly among treatment groups. During entire feeding trial period (0-42 days), supplementation of MOS and citric acid in the basal diets improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, performance index. The average cumulative body weight gain was 1416.1, 1488.6, 1561.4, 1688.4 and 1721.3 g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and differed significantly (P<0.05) among different groups. There was no significant difference in feed intake. The nutrient utilization improved significantly among different treatment groups of broiler chickens. The various carcass traits in broiler chickens were not affected but the breast and thigh part differed significantly due to feeding of MOS and citric acid. There was no significant differences in protein and ether extract content of breast and thigh muscles. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters in broiler chickens of different treatment groups. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol in broiler chickens of treatment groups T5 (132.05 mg/dl) followed by T4 (133.02 mg/dl) and T2 (140.78 mg/dl) as compared with T3 and T1. Serum triglycerides content significantly reduced in all the treatment groups compared with control. There was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations and serum ALP, ALT and AST activities among the different treatment groups. The dietary supplementation of MOS in combination with citric acid at both levels showed similar performance in broiler chickens. It can be concluded that inclusion of 0.05% mannan-oligosaccharides and 0.1% citric acid in the diet of broiler chickens improved growth performance, nutrient utilization and reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides which in turn is beneficial in broiler chickens.
Open Access
Effect of feeding green pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods residue on growth, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical constituents in crossbred female calves
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Dabral, Diksha; Mondal, B.C.
Open Access
Effect of feeding of giloe and cinnamon on growth, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broilers
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Tiwari, Garima; Rahal, Anshu
Open Access
Effect of feeding black soybean on feed intake, nutrient utilization, egg composition and haemato-biochemical constituents in poultry layers
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Joshi, Jyoti; Rahal, Anshu
An experiment was conducted on 100 layers (20 weeks old) to discern the effect of feeding black soybean on feed intake, nutrient utilization, egg production and composition, haemato-biochemical constituents and histopathological changes. A twelve week feeding trial was conducted in a completely randomised block design. The experimental birds were randomly divided into five treatment group’s viz. T1: Control; T2: 0.2% raw black soybean; T3: 0.2% germinated black soybean; T4: 0.2% roasted black soybean and T5: 0.2% cow urine treated black soybean. production performance was studied in three different phases viz., Phase I (20-24 weeks), Phase II (25-28 weeks) and Phase III (29-32 weeks). At the end of feeding trial a metabolic trial was conducted to know the nutrient utilization. Highest egg production was recorded in group T5. Highly significant (P≤0.01) difference was observed in feed intake in phase II, III and overall phase as well as in crude protein of egg and serum cholesterol. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed among the different treatment groups in egg production in phase III, feed intake in phase I; dry matter, crude protein and ether extract utilization; egg weight, shell thickness; ether extract, ash and cholesterol content of egg and in serum glucose. The least histopathological changes were observed in the group fed cow urine treated and roasted black soybean. From the present study it may be concluded that cow urine treated black soybean up to the level of 0.2% incorporation can be recommended for improving performance in layers.

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