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Open Access
Effect of energy treatments and hydropriming on seed quality during storage, crop establishment and yield of chick pea
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Sharma, Rashmi; Pandey, Sunita T.
In the present investigation, three separate experiments were conducted in which first two experiments were performed at Seed Physiology lab, Department of agronomy, college of Agriculture, G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and Technology. The seeds of chickpea were treated with magnetic field of 100-250 mT for 1-4 hours and BK RYM treatment for 1-4 hours, both at the step of one hour. In experiment No. 1 screening of various energy treatments was done to find out the optimum energy field and its exposure duration to invigorate the seeds of chickpea. Magnetic field of 100 and 200 mT for one hour and BK RYM for 2 and 4 hours resulted in higher germination, growth, vigour and biochemical activities compared to untreated seeds. These treatments were selected for the further experimentation of this study. In experiment No. 2, one year old and freshly harvested seeds treated with selected strength and duration of energy field and hydropriming (for 8 hours) were stored for six months in cloth bag covered with polythene bags at 8% moisture and observations of their physiological and bio chemical activities were recorded on the bi- monthly basis. Magnetic field of 200 mT for one hour, BK RYM treatment for 2 hours and hydropriming showed superior result over untreated seeds in the entire duration of storage. In experiment No. 3 Chickpea seeds treated with selected strength and duration of energy field and hydroprimed seeds(for 8 hours) were sown in field during the Rabi season of 2012-13 at Breeder Crop Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology to find out the effect of seed invigoration techniques on crop establishment and yield. Seeds treated with 8 hours hydropriming, 200 mT magnetic field for one hour and BK RYM treatment for 2 hours emerge earlier, had more plant population, more number of branches and more pods/plant over control, however only hydropriming, and 200 mT magnetic field for one hour treatments gave significantly higher yield over control.
Open Access
Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Rajiv Kumar; Singh, Dheer
A field experiment entitled “Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)” was conducted at Norman E. Borlog Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, India during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Treated setts of sugarcane verity Co Pant 90223 were planted at 75 cm apart row to row on 10th March during 2011-12 and on 02nd March during 2012-13 by furrow method. An experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experiment was silty clay loam, rich in organic carbon (1.11%), soil available N (224.1 kg/ha), P2O5 (42.8 kg/ha), K2O (258.6 kg/ha) and S (47 kg/ha). The level of other nutrient were in soil Zn (2.0 mg/kg), Fe (36.2 mg/kg) and Mn (35.8 mg/kg), the soil was neutral in pH (7.3). Total 12 treatments i.e. T1 – control, T2 – N, T3 – NP, T4 – NPK, T5 – NPK+S, T6 – NPK+Zn, T7 – NPK+Fe, T8 – NPK+Mn, T9 – NPK+S+Zn,T10 NPK+S+Zn+Fe, T11- NPK+S+Zn+Fe+Mn and T12 – FYM (20 t/ha). Doses of different nutrients were applied as N-120, P-60, K-40, S-40, Zn-25, Mn -50 kg/ha; Fe was applied 1% spray thrice at weekly interval at vegetative stage. Half of the N along with all other nutrients were applied as basal at the time of planting in furrows and remaining half of the N was applied in two splits up to 90 DAP (before onset of the monsoon) last week of June. Highest cane yield 108.7 t/ha during 2011-12 and 109.4 t/ha during 2012-13 was recorded from T9 – NPK+S+Zn treatment which was significantly higher over the rest of the treatments except. T6, T7, T10 and T11 during 2011-12 and during 2012-13 in T10 and T11. The highest yield in this treatment was due to higher NMC, higher cane girth, and higher cane length. The higher NMC was due to higher shoot population. Higher shoot population was the result of higher initial emergence with less mortality at harvest in the shoot. CCS yield was also highest in this treatment. There was an increase in cane with the application of different macro and micro nutrients. B: C ratio was highest (1.72) in the treatment T7. The increase in cane yield in T-9 over control was 61% during 2011-12 and 61.24% during 2012-13.
Open Access
Response of bold-seeded lentil (Lens culinaris, Medic) to foliar application of urea and thiourea
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Bhandari, Pradeep; Singh, V.K.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2012 at Crop Research Center of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to study the effect of different foliar spray treatments on growth and development, yield and quality of bold seeded lentil. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, having high organic carbon (0.87), medium available nitrogen (320.81 kg N/ha), available phosphorous (12.2 kg P/ha) and available potassium (218 kg K/ha) contents with neutral in reactions (pH 7.4). Twelve foliar spray treatments viz.; control, water at pod initiation, water at pre-flowering + pod initiation, 2% urea at pre-flowering, 2% urea at pod initiation, 2% urea at pre-flowering + pod initiation, 500 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering, 500 ppm thiourea at pod initiation, 500 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering + pod initiation, 1000 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering, 1000 ppm thiourea at pod initiation and 1000 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering + pod initiation stages were tested in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that growth attributes viz.; number of branches and dry matter accumulation were higher under 2% urea when sprayed at pre-flowering + pod initiation stages than control whereas the number of leaves was maximum with 500 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering stage. Foliar application of 2% urea at pre-flowering + pod initiation stages increased the number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant, biological yield, grain : straw ratio and harvest index significantly over control whereas straw yield was significantly higher under 500 ppm thiourea when sprayed at preflowering + pod initiation stages. Foliar spray of 2% urea at pre-flowering + pod initiation stages which was at par with the sprays of 2% urea at pod initiation, 500 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering and 500 ppm thiourea at pre-flowering + pod initiation stages registered significantly higher grain yield (kg/ha) over control and other treatments. N, P and K content in grain and straw and protein content in grains were not influenced significantly by different foliar spray treatments. A significant increase in N, P and K uptake by crop and protein yield was noticed under foliar application of 2% urea at pre flowering + pod initiation stages than those of control and remaining treatments.
Open Access
Herbicides evaluation for control of weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Kusum Lata; Singh, Vijay Pal
Field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2012-13 at Norman. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to evaluate the Herbicides to control weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Fourteen treatments i.e. metribuzin 210 g a.i./ha, clodinafop 60 g a.i./ha, pinoxaden 40 g a.i./ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g a.i./ha, clodinafop+metribuzin 60+210 g a.i./ha, pinoxaden+metribuzin 40+210 g a.i./ha, sulfosulfuron+metribuzin 25+210 g a.i./ha, fenoxaprop+metribuzin 120+210 g a.i./ha, sulfosulfuron+metsulfuron 32 g a.i./ha, mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron 14.4 g a.i./ha, clodinafop+metsulfuron 60+4 g a.i./ha and Isoproturon+2,4-D 1000+500 g a.i./ha were applied 35 days after sowing of the wheat crop. Weedy check and weed free were also included. All the treatments were replicated three times. Experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The soil of experimental field was silty loam with pH 7.4, available nitrogen 227 kg/ha, available phosphorus 45 kg/ha and available potassium 140 kg/ha. Phalaris minor among grasses, Chenopodium album, Polygonum plebejum and Medicago denticulata among non-grasses were the major and dominant weeds in experimental area. Some more weeds i.e. Avena fatua, Cynodon dactylon (grasses), Melilotus indica, Coronopus didymus, Anagalis arvensis, Rumex acetocella, Vicia sativa, Fumaria parviflora (non-grasses), and Cyperus rotundus (sedge) were recorded as minor weeds. These weeds were less in number and erratic. Among all the herbicides (alone or in combination) pinoxaden 40 g a.i./ha, controlled Phalaris minor and other non-grasses effectively followed by sulfosulfuron 25 g a.i./ha. Among various combinations i.e. clodinafop+metsulfuron 60+4 g a.i./ha and sulfosulfuron+metsulfuron 32 g a.i./ha were controlled total weeds effectively. Highest grain yield (46.4 q/ha) was obtained from weed-free plots followed by pinoxaden 40 g a.i./ha (45 q/ha). Yield contributing characters viz. number of spikes/m2, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight(g), number of fertile spikelets/m2 were also recorded highest in weed-free plot and pinoxaden 40 g a.i./ha. The uncontrolled weeds reduce grain yield of wheat by (49.7 q/ha) in untreated plots. Net return and B:C ratio, Rs. 48159 and 2.2 in pinoxaden 40 g a.i./ha, Rs. 46829 and 2.1 in clodinafop+metsulfuron 60+4 g a.i./ha respectively.
Open Access
Evaluation of weed management practices under various fertility levels in spring mungbean
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Goswami, Gargi; Chandra Bhushan
Open Access
Growth, yield and quality of rabi season forage crops under tarai region of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Prajapati, Brajkishor; Kewalanand
The experiment was conducted at Forage Agronomy block of Instructional Dairy Farm (IDF), Nagla of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during rabi season of 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting seven (7) treatments with five (5) replications. Growth, yield and quality of native and exotic cultivated forage crop’s varieties was determined along with their cuttings potential. UPO-212 and exotic Genie oat (Netherland) varieties of oat, local rye and exotic Makkhan grass (Advanta) varieties of rye grass, Mascavi variety of berseem, exotic Baralfa IN (Netherland) variety of lucerne and exotic Barduro (Netherland) variety of red clover were tested for their yield attributes, yield and quality. The dry matter per cent, green forage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein yield, and digestible dry matter yield was highest from lucerne variety Baralfa IN than remaining leguminous rabi season forage crops. Among oat varieties, dry matter per cent, green forage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein yield and digestible dry matter yield was highest in the UPO-212 than genie oat while among rye grasses, yields was higher in the rye grass variety makkhan grass than local rye. Crude protein per cent, neutral detergent fibre content, acid detergent fibre content and hemicellulose per cent of berseem was higher than lucerne variety Baralfa IN and red clover variety Barduro, while among oat and rye grass varieties, genie oat and makkhan grass had higher respective quality characters. Dry matter digestibility was higher in red clover variety Barduro than remaining leguminous rabi season forage crops. Among oat and rye grass varieties, dry matter digestibility was more in genie oat and makkhan grass respectively. On the basis of the present investigation it is concluded that exotic lucerne variety Baralfa IN, Oat variety UPO-212 and Rye grasses variety Makkhan grass, best option for rabi season forage crops.
Open Access
Studies of metal nano particles application on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-10) Babar, Amol Kantilal; Bhatnagar, Amit
The experiment was conducted in lab and field conditions to study the effect of nano particles, methods of application and concentrations on different growth and yield parameters of maize. The lab experiment was laid out in CRD with 2 nano particles (ZnO and TiO2) each at three concentrations (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and a untreated control. Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 at the N. E. Bourlag Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). The experiment consisting of 2 nano particles(ZnO and TiO2), 2 methods of application (seed treatment and foliar application), 3 concentrations (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and 1 untreated control was laid out in n+1 Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results of lab experiment revealed that mean germination time, speed of germination, root and shoot length, root dry weight, vigour index I and II was improved significantly by both the nano particles at 0.01 % concentration except germination percentage. The data of field study revealed that both the nano particles and methods of application were equal effective with respect to growth parameters, grain yield and yield attributes. Among concentrations 0.01% recorded significantly more values of growth parameters viz. plant height, shoot dry matter, leaf area index, crop growth rate, chlorophyll content and leaf area ratio. Significantly more grain yield was obtained at 0.01% as yield attributing characters viz. cob length, cob girth, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row, number of grain per cob and 100 - grain weight were higher under this treatment. Concentration of 0.01% recorded significantly higher stover and biological yield. Nano particles treatment produced significantly more cob, grain and biological yield than control. Significantly more total N, P and K uptake and partial factor productivity for applied nutrient was observed at 0.01 % concentration. Nano particles treatment recorded significantly more total N and P uptake and partial factor productivity for applied N, P and K than control. Between nano particles TiO2, between methods of application seed treatment and among concentration 0.01% fetched significantly more net return and B:C ratio. From this experiment it has been concluded that seed treatment with TiO2 nano particles at 0.01% concentration found best with respect to seedling vigour, growth, productivity and economics of maize.
Open Access
Enhancing water use efficiency of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under deficit and adequate irrigation scheduling with hydrogel
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-08) Singh, Sankat Mochan; Shukla, Anil
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2013-14 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N, 79029E and at an altitude of 243.83 m) to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and hydrogel levels on the growth, yield attributes, yield, quality, WUE and economics of Indian mustard. The experiment consisting of 12 treatments, having four levels of irrigation scheduling (No irrigation, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 IW/CPE ratios) in main plots at 6 cm of depth and three levels of hydrogel (No hydrogel, 2.5 kg and 5.0 kg hydrogel/ha) in sub plots, were studied in split plot design (SPD) with three replication. The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam with pH 7.28, organic carbon 0.77%; and 418, 24 and 227 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Plant height, number of branches (Primary, secondary and the total), dry matter accumulation, 50 per cent flowering and 80 per cent maturity, yield attributes, seed yield, straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil yield and economics were influenced significantly with the application of irrigation. The differences in the various treatments on irrigation scheduling based on IW/CPE ratio were not found significant as those treatments stood out to be the same practically owing to sufficient rainfall received in the crop growth period, which did not let any irrigation further required after the one applied at 30 days stage. Hydrogel treatments affected various parameters viz. Plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, 50 per cent flowering, 80 per cent maturity, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, straw yield, biological harvest index, protein content in seeds and protein yield, oil yield where value of these parameters were significantly higher with application application hydrogel at 5 kg/ha. The net returns remained higher with application of 5.0 kg of hydrogel/ha, although the B:C ratio was more with no application of hydrogel. The interaction between irrigation scheduling and hydrogel application was not found significant
Open Access
Studies on crop establishment and moisture management practices in spring maize (Zea mays L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-08) Joshi, Vinod Kumar; Gurvinder Singh