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Subject: Agricultural Economics × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop dynamics and economics of farming systems-a study of Tarikhet block of Almora district
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Bhattacharjee, Biswajit; Tewari, S.K.
    The study conducted in Tarikhet block of Almora district in Uttaranchal was based on data collected from 40 farmers for the agricultural year 2003-04. The study aims at examining the income structure, identification of major farming systems and enterprises linkages, examining growth trends of area of crops and economics and constraints of farming systems. Income from dairy enterprise formed the major source of income on small and medium farms but vegetable cultivation turned out to be largest source of income on large farms. The farming system crop + vegetable + dairy are practiced on each of the small, medium and large farms but farming systems crop + vegetable + dairy +livestock are practiced only on few of the small farms. The major cereals and pulse crops i.e. paddy, wheat, barley, urd and lentil registered a significant negative growth rates in area. Potato, soybean and lahi witnessed a significant positive growth rate in area during the period 1990-91 to 1999-2000. The net return over total cost of the farming systems crop + vegetable + dairy were estimated to be Rs. 10478.56 for an average size of 0.34 ha of small farm, Rs. 22179.70 for an average size of 0.62 ha of medium farm and Rs. 32032.44 for an average size of 0.90 ha of large farm. The net returns over variable cost from this farming system were estimated to be Rs. 21036.85 on a small farm (0.32 ha), Rs. 41152.72 on a medium farm (0.62 ha) and Rs. 58613.10 on a large farm (0.90 ha) The net returns over total cost and variable cost of the farming system crop + vegetable+ dairy + livestock estimated to be Rs. 10882.17 and Rs. 21946.30 on small farms (0.32 ha) respectively. Lack of irrigation facilities, fragmented land holdings, poor marketing facilities, local breed, breeding of bovines appeared as the major constraints that affect the profitability of the farming systems. The results suggest that post-harvesting and marketing support can be the most significant strategy to improve the economic well-being of farmers as the dairying and vegetable cultivation form the two most significant components of the farming systems.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economics of production and marketing of basmati rice in Raipur block, district Dehradun
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-02) Ale, Archana; Singhal, A.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prioritizing production constraints in rice and wheat in rice-wheat-fruits based production system : A study of Nainital district in Kumaon region of Uttaranchal
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-08) Mishra, Manish Kumar; Jagdish Kumar
    The study was taken up in Nainital district of Uttaranchal with the objectives (i) to estimate the yield gap in rice and wheat, under rice-wheat-fruits based production system, (ii) to identify production constraints in rice and wheat under the system, (iii) to estimate the intensity or severity of constraints and (iv) to prioritize the production constraints. The yield gap-I and yield gap-II were estimated for rice and wheat crop. Identification of production constraints was achieved by a review of journals, consulting scientists and extension workers. Estimation of intensity or severity of constraints was deduced by evaluating per hectare losses in yield and value for technical constraints and by noting the number of farmers in each rank group for socio-economic constraints. To prioritize the technical production constraints, value loss caused by them were arranged in descending order. Socio-economic production constraints were ranked by Garrett’s technique. The primary data was collected through survey of 80 sample farmers by personal interview on pre-structured schedule for the year 2002-03. The results from the study revealed that in rice, yield gap-II of 12.75 quintals per hectare dominated over yield gap-I of 8.78 quintals per hectare. However, in wheat with 15.22 quintals per hectare, yield gap-I dominated yield gap-II of 12.80 quintal per hectare. Among technical constraints in rice, stem borer stood at top priority (Rs.5223282.84 value loss) in the Nainital district, followed by Echinochloa colonum at second priority (Rs.5067852.03 value loss) and birds at third priority (Rs.4846105.68 value loss). Others in descending order of priority were leaf folder and white grub. Among socio-economic constraints, in rice, the topmost was non-availability of quality seeds. In wheat, Phalaris minor (Rs.8128127.37 value loss) gained topmost priority among constraints, whereas rodents were second according to priority (Rs.7522350.67 value loss). As regards the socio-economic constraints, in wheat, the topmost was non-availability of quality seeds. Integrated weed management techniques alongwith search for varietal resistance to crops and biotechnology were proposed as future strategies.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop dynamics and economics of important crop rotations in Udham Singh Nagar District of Uttaranchal
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Simerdeep Kaur; Singh, S.P.
    Agriculture sector assumes a very high social and economic significance for the Indian economy. Indian agriculture has witnessed several transformations. Due to liberalization of economy, Indian farmers face the challenge to sustain themselves in new international market conditions. Though post WTO developments have brought many threats to the Indian agriculture, yet it has also created rewarding opportunities. In order to study, the changes in agriculture in such a scenario to identify promising crop rotations followed and constraints faced by the farmers of the Udham Singh Nagar district, a better endowed region, the present study was conducted with the objectives, (i) to study the dynamics of area, production and productivity of different crops, (ii) to work out the economics of major crop rotations and (iii) to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in different crop rotations. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data was collected from the a sample of 45 farmers in Rudrapur block of the district. The secondary data for area, production an productivity was procured for years 1992-92 to 1999-2000. The results of the study reveal that area under most of the crops had decreased during the study period while it increased in pea and sunflower only. Thus large part of the area forgone by crops had been shifted to non agricultural activities. The production of most of the crops had decreased. The productivity increased significantly in barley, wheat, masoor and sugarcane. The most profitable crop rotation on small and medium farms was paddy-pea-sugarcane-ratoon-wheat (Rs. 5673 and Rs. 7930, respectively) and on large farms was paddy-pea-summer rice (Rs. 22,377). Various constraints were identified by the farmers relating to technological, institutional, infrastructural and socio-economic fields. The constraint faced by the farmers in sugarcane based rotations was the problem of late payment of the produce. The findings of the study are expected to be helpful in designing appropriate strategies for promoting profit generating crop rotations and identifying important intervention programmes so that the Udham Singh Nagar district continues to add substantially to the economy of the Uttaranchal State.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Crop dynamics and economics of crop rotations in major vegetable growing areas of Dehradun district of Uttaranchal
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-08) Parewa, Hem Raj; Anil Kumar
    The study has been under taken in Dehradun district of Uttaranchal with the objectives (i) to study the dynamic of area, production and productivity of crops, (ii) to work out the economics of different crop rotations and (iii) to identify the constraints faced by the farmers, which impact the profitability of crop rotations. The compound growth rates were estimated to study crop dynamics using exponential equations. The economics of different crop rotations were worked out by taking into account the different cost concepts whereas the constraints were examined through Garrett’s ranking technique. The primary data were collected on pre-structured survey schedules with the help of personal interview of randomly selected 40 farmers for the year 2002-03. The results on crop dynamics revealed negative growth trends in total area as well as total production of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables. The major crop rotations were: paddy-potato-cauliflower, paddy-potato-pea, paddy-potato-sugarcane in plain region; paddy-potato-pea, paddy-wheat-tomato, paddy-potato-pea-paddy-wheat-tomato in valleys; mandua-potato-pea, urd-cabbage-maize, mandua-potato-pea-mandua-potato in mid hills and potato-wheat, mandua-pea, mandua-pea-potato-wheat in high hill region of the sturdy area. All the crop rotations were found paying remunerative returns to the farmers. In the plain region, paddy-potato-cauliflower rotation turned out to be the most remunerative crop rotation yielding net returns of Rs. 109354 per hectare over cost C3 while in valley region, paddy-wheat-tomato was the most profitable rotation giving net returns of Rs. 49645 per hectare over cost C3. Urd-cabbage-maize was found to be most profitable rotation in mid- hills yielding net returns of Rs. 92206 per hectare over cost C3 and potato-wheat rotation turned out to be most remunerative in high hill region yielding net returns of Rs. 22367 per hectare over cost C3. The main constraints faced by the farmers were technology transfer, internal capital rationing, marketing, storage, irrigation facilities, transport, fragmented land and high cost of inputs. Strengthening input supply system, development of infrastructural facilities, proper technology dissemination, integrated with proper extension services are the important policy implications emerged from the study for making farming enterprise more remunerative in the area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dynamics of Indian agri-trade: A study in context of WTO
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Pratima, M.; Bhogal, T.S.
    According to 2001-02 data, agricultural exports and imports comprised 13.5 per cent and 4.5 per cent respectively of the country’s total exports and imports. The agricultural trade composition has been changing overtime. There are also changes in the importance of a commodity in global market, which can be captured by the study on net terms of trade. It is also important to study the impact of WTO on the country’s trade. In this backdrop, this study was carried out with the specific objectives: 1) to analyse the temporal changes in the major exports and imports of Indian agriculture, 2) to analyse the temporal changes in the net terms of trade of India’s major agri-exports, 3) to analyse the impact of WTO on India’s agri-trade, 4) to draw the policy implications from the findings of the study. The study used 20 years (1981-2000) time-series data related to India’s agri-trade. The percentage ` changes and compound growth rates were worked out for the first objective of the study. Net terms of trade were computed using standard formula for objective two and the third objective was fulfilled by comparing actual export/import data of major commodities with their estimated counterparts for the post –WTO period (1996-2000). Results of the study indicated a decline in the imports of rice, wheat & meslin and dairy products and an increase in the imports of pulses, vegetable, oil, wool and sugar. The increase in imports was maximum for pulses. Further, there was an increase in exports for meat, rice, coffee, tobacco, feeds and marine products and decrease for tea and cotton. Maximum increase of more than 500 per cent was observed in case of rice. The net terms of trade fro meat, rice, feeds, coffee and marine products, though remained unfavorable during beginning years of the time-series, became highly favourable in the post-WTO period. A negative overall impact of WTO was observed on the imports of dairy products and pulses and positive import on vegetable oil imports. In case of exports, WTO affected favorably most of the commodities except feeds and cotton lint. The policy implications that emerged from the results of the study are that the trend towards self-sufficiency in dairy products, wheat & meslin and rice that the trend towards self-sufficiency in dairy products, wheat and meslin and rice should be sustained and the production of pulses, vegetable oils, wool and sugar should be increased through suitable policies. Rice, meat, feeds, coffee and marine products are the important commodities from view point of exports for which the country has an edge in world market.