Loading...
![Thumbnail Image](assets/images/Collection.png)
Theses
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical examination and evaluation of pesticidal activities of Globba sessiliflora Sims (Zingiberaceae) Oleoresins(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-08) Verma, Bhawna; Ravendra KumarThe present study was aimed to analyse the phytochemical nature and to evaluate pesticidal activities of the oleoresins from aerial part (GSAO) and rhizomes (GSRO) of Globba sessiliflora Sims. The plant material was collected in the month of July, 2021 from Kausani, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand. The oleoresins were prepared by cold percolation method and percent yield obtained were 3.7% and 3.3% for GSAO and GSRO respectively. Both the oleoresins varied greatly in composition, the major compounds identified in GSAO were methyl linoleate (18.2 %), methyl palmitate (17.1%), β-pinene (10.5%) and phytol (10.4%), while the major compounds present in GSRO were γ-sitosterol (22.1 %), 8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial (18.6%), methyl linoleate (4.9%) and methyl palmitate (4.4%). The different pesticidal activities of oleoresins were performed using standard protocols. The nematicidal activity tested against Meloidogyne incognita demonstrated higher mortality in case of GSRO than GSAO. GSRO also showed more inhibition of hatching of the eggs of Meloidogyne incognita. The oleoresins GSAO and GSRO were also tested for their insecticidal activity against the insects mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (second instar nymphs) and castor hairy caterpillar, Selepa celtis (second stage larvae). In case of mustard aphid, more insecticidal activity was observed for GSRO (LC50= 154.8ppm) than GSAO (LC50= 263.0ppm), while in case of castor hairy caterpillar, more insecticidal activity was observed for GSAO (LC50= 346.7.0ppm) than GSRO (LC50= 398.1ppm). The herbicidal activity of GSAO and GSRO was assessed against radish seeds (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) for the effects on different growth parameters such as percent germination, coleoptile length and radical length. Significant herbicidal activity was shown by both the oleoresins but more effective activity was shown by GSAO (IC50=166.4ppm) than GSRO (IC50=249.6ppm).ThesisItem Open Access Dissipation studies of Boscalid (a carboxamide fungicide) in soils of different textures(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) Butola, Adarsh; Srivastava, AnjanaBoscalid [2-chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide] is a carboxamide fungicide used in variety of food crops and turf grasses. It comes under the SDHI group of fungicides which inhibit the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone (complex II) which is an important enzyme for energy production in respiratory chain. The dissipation studies of boscalid was performed in different textural soils at 1 and 2 μg g-1. The method of extraction of boscalid residue from soil was validated by following QuEChER’S (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method and the quantitative analysis was done by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). Recovery study of boscalid was performed at two concentration of 1 and 2 μg g-1 and the recoveries obtained ranged from 80.59% to 98.97% in two soils. The dissipation rate of boscalid did not vary much in the two soils. At lower application rates (1μg g-1) boscalid dissipated to 96.12% and 97.23% upto 21st day and was below detectable limit (BDL) on 28th day at lower concentration of 1μg g-1 in both the soils. At higher application rates (2μg g-1) boscalid residue persisted upto 28th day with dissipation upto 98.24% and 98.18% in both the type of soils. It was BDL on 35th and 60th day of fungicide application. Dissipation of boscalid occurred in a single distinct phase following first order kinetics. The half life of boscalid ranged from 4.66 and 4.16 days in soil samples A and B at 1 μg g-1 and 5.22 and 4.73 d in both the soils at 2 μg g-1 application rates. Boscalid is used in various vegetable, field crops and turf grasses for controlling fungal diseases and decreasing the economic damage but since it does not persist in subtropical soils it can be safely applied at recommended dosage in crops and soils.ThesisItem Open Access Chemo-geographical variation in essential oils composition and biological properties of Strobilanthes species (Acanthaceae) from Kumaun region of Uttrakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2022-06) Upadhyay, Pringal; Ravendra KumarThe present study aimed to investigate the chemical variation in essential oils composition and evaluation of biological properties of Strobilanthes species. Strobilanthes species viz. S.pentastemonoides (Nees), S. glutinosa (Nees), S. angustifrons C. B. Clarke, T. Anderson, S. attenuata (Wall. ex Nees) Jacq. ex Nees and S. tomentosa (Nees) J.R.I.Wood were collected in the month of August-January (2019–2021) at flowering stage from different location of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus. Essential oils yield (% v/w) was found to vary from 0.006 to 0.01% in different Strobilanthes species. Essential oils isolated from different Strobilanthes species were analyses by GC-MS to check the chemical variations. Biological activities (in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic) were also performed for different Strobilanthes species essential oils by using reported protocols. Fenchyl acetate was the marker molecule of Strobilanthes glutinosa oil, collected from Kill, Pithoragarh (SGPEO) and Strobilanthes angustifrons oil, collected from Kausani, Bageshwar (SABEO) in variable amount, respectively. Guaiol was the dominant constituent of Strobilanthes pentastemonoid oil, collected from Sirkuch of Pithoragarh (SPPEO) and Strobilanthes attenuta essential oil, collected from Saktipur, Champawat (SACEO) in different amount, respectively. Labda-7,13 diene-15-ol (51.84%), a diterpenoid molecule was identified as the major secondary metabolite in Strobilanthes tomentosa essential oil, collected from Kainchi Dham, Nainital (STNEO). The antioxidant activity was performed by three different methods which include DPPH radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity and metal chelating activity. BHT and Na2-EDTA were used as standard antioxidants. Antioxidant activity of SPPEO, in terms of DPPH scavenging activity (IC50=15.32 μL/mL) and metal chelating activity (IC50= 23.29μL/mL) was found to be higher than those of the others. In terms of H2O2 scavenging activity, the highest antioxidant activity was observed for SACEO (IC50 = 21.83μL/mL). The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed by using denaturation of egg albumin protein method. Diclofenac sodium was the standard for anti-inflammatory activity. Among all tested samples, STNEO showed high anti-inflammatory activity with an IB50 value of 9.6±0.57 μL/mL. The antidiabetic activity was analysed by α-amylase inhibition assay. Acarbose was used as standard antidiabetic agent. STNEO showed significant α-amylase inhibition an IC50 value of 30.15±1.96 μL/mL. In conclusion, results revealed that all the studied essential oils possess good to moderate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties at different dose levels, and this could be due to the differences in the composition and concentration of biological active compounds.ThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of essential oil of Nepeta hindostana (Roth.) Hains growing in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Himani; Ravendra KumarThe aim of present study was to analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of the essential oil of aerial and root part of N. hindostana (B. Heyne ex Roth) Haines. The plant material was collected from Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Essential oil from the aerial and the root part of N. hindostana (NHAO and NHRO) was extracted by using hydro-distilllation method (Clevenger type apparatus) and the yield (v/w) was 0.3±0.01% and 0.2±0.01% respectively. The essential oils were chemically analysed by GC and GC/MS. Biological activities of NHAO and NHRO such as antifeedant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic were also performed using standard protocols. The major compounds present in NHAO and NHRO were mcamphorene (17.7%) and methyl linoleate (13.2%) respectively. Insect antifeedant activity of NHAO and NHRO was done with non-preferential leaf dip method against Spilosoma obliqua. Both the oils possessed significant insect antifeeding activity, however NHRO was more effective. The in vitro antioxidant activity was performed in terms of DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 radical scavenging and metal chelating assay. In all three assays NHAO exhibited strong activity than that of NHRO Also in In- vitro anti-inflammatory activity NHAO (IB50=20.46±0.21μg/mL) showed a good in vitro anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the antidiabetic activity of oils was done using α-amylase inhibition assay taking acarbose as standard. NHRO (IC50=10.86± 0.45 μg/mL) showed good antidiabetic activity than NHAO (IC50=25.33±0.24 μg/mL).ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of some decontamination methods for the removal of post harvest pesticide residues from chilli(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-07) Rahul; Srivastava, AnjanaNowadays, understanding the impact of the pesticide exposure is an important concern for the consumers. Chilliis the commonly used vegetable which is highly exposed to pesticide usage. The current study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of different decontamination treatments for removal of nine commonly applied pesticides on Chilli crop. The Chilli samples were subjected to nine decontamination treatments namely washing with running tap water, soaking in lukewarm water (50-60°C), soaking in solutions of 1% NaCl, 5% NaHCO3,2% CH3COOH,0.01% KMnO4and commercial decontaminants like Veggie clean, Nim wash, and Arkaherbi wash for ten minutes every time. The extraction of all the pesticides in Chilli crop was done through QuEChER’S method and analysis of acephateand it’s metabolite methamidophos, acetamiprid, carbendazim, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, and thiamethoxamwas done by HPLC-UVwhereas that of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and profenofos by GCECD. In Chilli, the results indicated that soaking in 2% acetic acid solution was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments to decontaminate all the pesticides (>50%) except profenofos when compared with other treatment solutions, whereas treatment with 1% NaCl solution proved to be the next best treatment in removal of different pesticides. Amongst commercial decontaminant solutions washing with Nim wash removed the highest percentage of pesticide residues from Chilli fruits. Acephate and it’s metabolite methamidophos, tebuconazole and carbendazim could be decontaminated well by the use of 0.01% KMnO4 solution, wherein the percent removal ranged between 79-91.37%. Similarly cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam residuescould be dislodged on soaking in 2% acetic acid solution ranging from 60.98 to 89.43%.Profenofos could be decontaminated to the maximum extent by dipping in commercial decontaminants like Nim wash (68.81%) and Veggie clean (68.41%) solutions where as it could be washed off only slightly by the other decontaminant solutions. The study confirms the use of simple cost-effective household solutions, to reduce the commonly applied harmful pesticides from Chilli.ThesisItem Open Access Nutrient status of different soil samples of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand and their correlation with soil properties(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Rawat, Komal; Tandon, ShishirAn experiment was conducted to analyze the general soil properties, status of available macronutrients (N, P and K) and to study the relationship between soil properties and macronutrients. Soil samples (0-15cm depth) were collected from 20 different location of Dehradun district Uttarakhand. Different methods of analysis of soil were employed to know the availability of N, P, and K. Available Nitrogen was analyzed by alkaline KMnO4 method, available phosphorus by Olsen’s method, AB-DTPA method, Mehlich-3 method and Morgan method, while available Potassium was analysed by Ammonium acetate, AB-DTPA, Mehlich-3 and Morgan methods. The soil texture ranged from medium texture to fine texture. Soil was found to be acidic to alkaline with pH ranging from 4.3-7.3 while, electrical conductivity was found to be medium ranging from 0.261dSm-1-0.602 dSm-1. The soils were found medium to high in organic carbon content and ranging from 0.60-1.8%. Extractable nitrogen by Alkaline KMnO4 method of study area ranged from 163- 301 kg N ha-1. Phosphorus extracted by Olsen’s, AB-DTPA, Mehlich-3 and Morgan methods ranged from 24.5-100.84 kg ha-1, 4.33-458.6 kg ha-1, 10.71-157.79 and 10.13- 107.69 kg ha-1, respectively. Available potassium extracted by ammonium acetate, ABDTPA, Mehlich-3 and Morgan methods ranged from 100.8-566.94 kg ha-1, 73.92-601.8 kg ha-1, 59.5-563.92 kg ha-1 and 22.0-441 kg ha-1, respectively. The soil pH showed negative and significant correlation with available nitrogen and potassium. The OC also showed significant but positive correlation with available N and EC for the entire area of study. On the basis of calculated nutrient indices, the soils under study were found to be low in extractable nitrogen and medium in extractable phosphorus and potassium.ThesisItem Open Access Decontamination studies of some pesticide residues in okra and chilli(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-10) Neel, Shila; Srivastava, AnjanaNow a days understanding the impact of the pesticide exposure is an important concern for the consumers. Okra and chilli are the commonly used vegetables which are highly exposed to pesticide usage. The current study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of different processes for reduction of four commonly applied pesticides on okra and chilli crops. The okra and chilli samples were subjected to seven decontamination treatments namely washing with running tap water, soaking in lukewarm water (50-60°C), soaking in 1% NaCl, soaking in 5% NaCl, soaking in 5% CH3COOH, soaking in 5% NaHCO3 and soaking in 0.01% KMnO4. The extraction of all the pesticides in both the crops (quinalphos, profenophos ethion and lambda-cyhalothrin was done through QuEChER’S method and analysis by GC-ECD. In okra, results indicated that soaking in 5% Acetic Acid solution for 10 minutes followed by washing using tap water was more effective in reducing all pesticides tested in comparison to other treatment solutions, whereas in chilli, the treatment of soaking in 5% NaCl solution for 10 min., resulted in the maximum removal of all the pesticides in comparison to the rest of the decontamination treatments. Lambda-cyhalothrin was reduced in higher amounts by all the decontamination processes but the highest removal (97.96%) was by soaking in 5% Acetic acid. In okra the magnitude of reduction of quinalphos, profenophos, ethion and lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in the range of 48.0-95.3, 34.3-87.6, 64.2-97.8, and 40.1-97.1 percent respectively, likewise, in chilli, the magnitude of reduction of quinalphos, profenophos, ethion and lambda-cyhalothrin was observed in the range of 13.11-86.55, 7.00-92.98, 10.73-96.34 and 59.99-97.96 percent respectively. The study confirms the use of simple cost-effective household solutions, to eliminate harmful pesticides from okra and chilli crops.ThesisItem Open Access Harvest time residues of Fantac and Benfuracarb in rice and soil(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Pant, Renuka; Bali RamBenfuracarb is a new carbamate insecticide which controls a wide range of insects such as aphids, wireworms, corn rootworms, loopers, borers, and thrips in many different crops including cotton, corn, and beans. Fantac (biostimulant) is a mixture of 5% N-acetyl thiazolidine carboxylic acid (L-cystine derivative) and 0.1% folic acid. It is used to stimulate seed germination, increase plant growth, improve fruit rating and increase yield on wide range of crops including wheat corn, rice, sugar beet, potatoes, grapes strawberry and apples. Harvest time residues of Benfuracarb and Fantac in paddy grain, husk, straw and soil were determined. Benfuracarb formulation (Oncol 40EC) was applied at the rate of 0.25 and 0.50 ppm and Fantac formulation was applied at the rate of 0.75 and 1.50 ppm. The analysis of the samples was done by high performance liquid chromatography.The results revealed that the residues of Benfuracarb and Fantac were non detectable (<0.01ppm) for both the treatments. Benfuracarb and Fantac are safe from environmental and health points of view as their residues if presentare in very lowconcentrations both in crop and soil at the time of harvest.ThesisItem Open Access Major cationic and anionic composition of ground water of Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, with special reference to irrigation(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Kumar Amit; Viveka NandThe study area i.e CRC (Crop Research Center), G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar is extended to an area of 230 ha. It is located at the foot hills of Shivalik range of mountains in Kumaon at 29°N latitude and 79°3’E longitude at an altitude of 243.84m above mean sea level. It provides facilities for research on various field crops. Scientists and post graduate students from various disciplines conduct field experiments on rice, wheat, maize, soybean, grain legumes, oilseeds and sugarcane. Entire area is irrigated with artesian wells and tube wells. The samples were collected from an artesian well, located at the distance of about 2.5 to 3 meters right side from the main entrance of the Crop Research Center, Pantnagar. In view of the existing literature, the proposed plan of work broadly concerns to conduct a study of hydro chemical properties of ground water sources of crop research center, Pantnagar with the following objectives viz to study the major inorganic cationic and anionic composition, to evaluate suitability of ground water for livestock,to utilize hydro chemical properties to assess irrigation qualities like magnesium content, sodium percentage (Na %), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI). Hydrochemistry of the ground water in the study area shows that, the alkaline earths (Ca2+ and Mg2+ ) exceed the alkalies (Na+ and K+), weak acid (HCO3 -) exceeds strong acids (Cl-, SO4 2-, NO3 -), that is total hydrochemistry is dominated by alkaline earth and weak acid. Hence the ground water of the stydy area is calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. The total concentration of the major ions in the ground water increases at the end of monsoon ie. at the post monsoon periods, in comparison to those at the end of lean period. The groundwater is highly suitable for drinking purpose and public health because hardness of the ground water is below the permissible limit of 500 mg/l. The groundwater is also suitable for irrigation with low alkali hazard. The SAR, RSC, Na%, PI, magnesium content were within the safe water limit recommended for irrigation purpose.