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20212
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Subject: Agricultural Chemicals × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of essential oil of Nepeta hindostana (Roth.) Hains growing in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Himani; Ravendra Kumar
    The aim of present study was to analyze the chemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of the essential oil of aerial and root part of N. hindostana (B. Heyne ex Roth) Haines. The plant material was collected from Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Essential oil from the aerial and the root part of N. hindostana (NHAO and NHRO) was extracted by using hydro-distilllation method (Clevenger type apparatus) and the yield (v/w) was 0.3±0.01% and 0.2±0.01% respectively. The essential oils were chemically analysed by GC and GC/MS. Biological activities of NHAO and NHRO such as antifeedant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic were also performed using standard protocols. The major compounds present in NHAO and NHRO were mcamphorene (17.7%) and methyl linoleate (13.2%) respectively. Insect antifeedant activity of NHAO and NHRO was done with non-preferential leaf dip method against Spilosoma obliqua. Both the oils possessed significant insect antifeeding activity, however NHRO was more effective. The in vitro antioxidant activity was performed in terms of DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 radical scavenging and metal chelating assay. In all three assays NHAO exhibited strong activity than that of NHRO Also in In- vitro anti-inflammatory activity NHAO (IB50=20.46±0.21μg/mL) showed a good in vitro anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the antidiabetic activity of oils was done using α-amylase inhibition assay taking acarbose as standard. NHRO (IC50=10.86± 0.45 μg/mL) showed good antidiabetic activity than NHAO (IC50=25.33±0.24 μg/mL).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of some decontamination methods for the removal of post harvest pesticide residues from chilli
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-07) Rahul; Srivastava, Anjana
    Nowadays, understanding the impact of the pesticide exposure is an important concern for the consumers. Chilliis the commonly used vegetable which is highly exposed to pesticide usage. The current study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of different decontamination treatments for removal of nine commonly applied pesticides on Chilli crop. The Chilli samples were subjected to nine decontamination treatments namely washing with running tap water, soaking in lukewarm water (50-60°C), soaking in solutions of 1% NaCl, 5% NaHCO3,2% CH3COOH,0.01% KMnO4and commercial decontaminants like Veggie clean, Nim wash, and Arkaherbi wash for ten minutes every time. The extraction of all the pesticides in Chilli crop was done through QuEChER’S method and analysis of acephateand it’s metabolite methamidophos, acetamiprid, carbendazim, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, and thiamethoxamwas done by HPLC-UVwhereas that of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and profenofos by GCECD. In Chilli, the results indicated that soaking in 2% acetic acid solution was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments to decontaminate all the pesticides (>50%) except profenofos when compared with other treatment solutions, whereas treatment with 1% NaCl solution proved to be the next best treatment in removal of different pesticides. Amongst commercial decontaminant solutions washing with Nim wash removed the highest percentage of pesticide residues from Chilli fruits. Acephate and it’s metabolite methamidophos, tebuconazole and carbendazim could be decontaminated well by the use of 0.01% KMnO4 solution, wherein the percent removal ranged between 79-91.37%. Similarly cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam residuescould be dislodged on soaking in 2% acetic acid solution ranging from 60.98 to 89.43%.Profenofos could be decontaminated to the maximum extent by dipping in commercial decontaminants like Nim wash (68.81%) and Veggie clean (68.41%) solutions where as it could be washed off only slightly by the other decontaminant solutions. The study confirms the use of simple cost-effective household solutions, to reduce the commonly applied harmful pesticides from Chilli.