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ThesisItem Open Access Harvest time residues of Fantac and Benfuracarb in rice and soil(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Pant, Renuka; Bali RamBenfuracarb is a new carbamate insecticide which controls a wide range of insects such as aphids, wireworms, corn rootworms, loopers, borers, and thrips in many different crops including cotton, corn, and beans. Fantac (biostimulant) is a mixture of 5% N-acetyl thiazolidine carboxylic acid (L-cystine derivative) and 0.1% folic acid. It is used to stimulate seed germination, increase plant growth, improve fruit rating and increase yield on wide range of crops including wheat corn, rice, sugar beet, potatoes, grapes strawberry and apples. Harvest time residues of Benfuracarb and Fantac in paddy grain, husk, straw and soil were determined. Benfuracarb formulation (Oncol 40EC) was applied at the rate of 0.25 and 0.50 ppm and Fantac formulation was applied at the rate of 0.75 and 1.50 ppm. The analysis of the samples was done by high performance liquid chromatography.The results revealed that the residues of Benfuracarb and Fantac were non detectable (<0.01ppm) for both the treatments. Benfuracarb and Fantac are safe from environmental and health points of view as their residues if presentare in very lowconcentrations both in crop and soil at the time of harvest.ThesisItem Open Access Major cationic and anionic composition of ground water of Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, with special reference to irrigation(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Kumar Amit; Viveka NandThe study area i.e CRC (Crop Research Center), G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar is extended to an area of 230 ha. It is located at the foot hills of Shivalik range of mountains in Kumaon at 29°N latitude and 79°3’E longitude at an altitude of 243.84m above mean sea level. It provides facilities for research on various field crops. Scientists and post graduate students from various disciplines conduct field experiments on rice, wheat, maize, soybean, grain legumes, oilseeds and sugarcane. Entire area is irrigated with artesian wells and tube wells. The samples were collected from an artesian well, located at the distance of about 2.5 to 3 meters right side from the main entrance of the Crop Research Center, Pantnagar. In view of the existing literature, the proposed plan of work broadly concerns to conduct a study of hydro chemical properties of ground water sources of crop research center, Pantnagar with the following objectives viz to study the major inorganic cationic and anionic composition, to evaluate suitability of ground water for livestock,to utilize hydro chemical properties to assess irrigation qualities like magnesium content, sodium percentage (Na %), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI). Hydrochemistry of the ground water in the study area shows that, the alkaline earths (Ca2+ and Mg2+ ) exceed the alkalies (Na+ and K+), weak acid (HCO3 -) exceeds strong acids (Cl-, SO4 2-, NO3 -), that is total hydrochemistry is dominated by alkaline earth and weak acid. Hence the ground water of the stydy area is calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. The total concentration of the major ions in the ground water increases at the end of monsoon ie. at the post monsoon periods, in comparison to those at the end of lean period. The groundwater is highly suitable for drinking purpose and public health because hardness of the ground water is below the permissible limit of 500 mg/l. The groundwater is also suitable for irrigation with low alkali hazard. The SAR, RSC, Na%, PI, magnesium content were within the safe water limit recommended for irrigation purpose.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of potent herbicidal organic compounds using ionic liquid and heterogeneous catalytic systems(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-01) Verma, Shivani; Kasana, VirendraSynthesis of five series of compounds namely _-phosphonomalonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) catalyst, naphthopyrans using novel nano-SiO2@Si(CH2)3@[tetrabutylammonium][valinate] catalyst, octahydroquinazolinone-1,3-dicarbaldehydes using novel tetrabutylammonium prolinate catalyst, small organic acid ionic liquids and cinnamic acid ionic liquids by acid-base neutralization method were carried out and screened for their herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus (raddish) seeds at different concentrations (0.005M, 0.01M and 0.02M). Mild reaction conditions was applied for synthesis of _-phosphonomalonate, naphthopyran and octahydroquinazolinone-1,3-dicarbaldehyde derivatives affording these compounds in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized derivatives were docked with acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) protein available on RSPDB data bank via molecular docking studies. The prepared catalyst was confirmed by 1HNMR, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and XRD techniques. The structure of compounds was elucidated using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HR-MS spectral techniques.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal activity of Citrus sinensis and Citrus reticulate(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Sanwal, Yamini; Tandon, ShishirCitrus reticulata (kinnow) and Citrus sinensis (orange) were collected from local market of Pantnagar, The essential oil was isolated from the fruit peel by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. Essential oils were analysed for their chemical composition by GC-MS. Essential oils were tested against Callosobruchus chinensis and Tribolium castaneum for their contact, repellent, fumigant and ovipositional activities. Essential oils were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against two plant pathogenic fungi viz; Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and Pseudomonas aureginosa bacteria. Antioxidant assay by different methods viz; reducing power activity, chelating activity of Fe2+, free radical scavenging activities were also studied for both the oils. Chemical composition of Citrus reticulata essential oil revealed D-limonene (94.64%), myrcene (1.72%) and n-caprylaldehyde (1.29%) as a major compounds. However, Citrus sinensis essential oil had D-limonene (86.36%) _-terpinyl acetate (4.22%), p-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzene (1.55%) and cis-oleic acid (1.10%) as a major compounds. The bioassay on insecticidal activity (contact, fumigant, repellent, and ovipositional activity) showed both the oils had significant activity against both tested insects. Citrus reticulata had shown better activity than Citrus sinensis against Callosobruchus chinensis and Tribolium castaneum. Both the essential oils exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. Chelating activity of both the oils was found to be almost similar while, free radical scavenging activity was found to be more in case of Citrus reticulata. Reducing power was greater in case of Citrus reticulata than Citrus sinensis. Both the essential oils were found to be active against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and no activity of both oils were observed against Pseudomonas aureginosa at tested concentrations. Based on the above results it can be concluded that, besides its academic importance Citrus sinensis and Citrus reticulata can be good source of natural antioxidant, natural antifungal and natural insecticidal and they can be exploited in future after more clinical and pilot scale trials.ThesisItem Open Access Adsorption behaviour of FANTAC on two different soil clays(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Sarkar, Subrata; Srivastava, AnjanaFantac(N-ATCA) is a synthetic biostimulant which is a mixture of 5% N-acetyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and 0.1% Folic acid.It enhances plant metabolism and grants a better response under stressing conditions.Alaboratory study wsa undertaken to examine UV spectra of N-acetyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid(N-ATCA) in 0.005%CaCl2 and to investigate the adsorption behavior of (N-ATCA) on Ca kaolinite Ca-bentonite.The adsorbance of 5 mg (N-ATCA) solution in water and 0.005M CaCl2 decreased with the increasing wavelength in the range of 200 to 300 nm.The wavelength at which the adsorbance was least affected by the presence of electrolyte was found to be at 210 nm.. The adsorption kinetics of N-ATCA on both the soil clays occurred in two phases, an initial faster and later slower rate. Each adsorption phase followed the first order kinetics. The computed values of the initial adsorption rate coefficient (k1) were 0.0085 for Ca-kaolinite and 0.02 for Ca-bentonite.Similarly,the values of later slower adsorption rate coefficient s(k2) were 0.0003 for Ca-kaolinite and 0.0017 for Cabentonite. The values of adsorption maximum (Xm) were found to be 416.67mg kg-1 for Ca-kaolinite and 769.23 mg kg-1 for Ca-bentoniteThesisItem Open Access Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the biosorption of Chromium (III) from synthetic waste water using Cupressus torulosa and Taxus baccata”(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Verma, Anil; Viveka NandIn recent times, Heavy metals in general and chromium in particular has received a great deal of attention because of their toxicity. Studies were undertaken to examine the biosorptive ability of Gymnosperm plant species, Cupressus torulosa, and baccata, , collected from high altitude of Uttrakhand hills, to remove the Chromium (III) metal ions from aqueous solution. Batch mode experiments were conducted at cold and hot temperatures (25˚±5˚C and 40˚±5˚C) to study the effects of initial Cr (III) metal ion concentrations, pH, time and amount of biomass. Thus a removal of chromium is essential from the environment by cheap and ecofriendly process. The maximum percentage removal (%removal) and biosorption capacity (Qe value) were recorded at equilibrium conditions. The maximum removal of Cr (III), at cold and hot temperature condition by by C. torulosa and T. baccata, leaves were 97.83 and 93.66, 97.83 and 93.66 while by barks were 90.53 and 93.66% , 90.33 and 93.23% respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were used to explain adsorption phenomenon of Cr (III) removal. Equilibrium data agreed well for biosorption of Cr (III). The kinetic data have been analyzed using Pseudo first order, Pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models. The experimental data fitted very well the Pseudo second order and Elovich kinetic models. The FT-IR spectra of dried unloaded and Cr-loaded plants biomass were obtained to understand the nature of possible interactions between the chromium metal ions and the functional groups of biosorbents. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the main functional groups involved in biosorption were carboxyl, carbonyl, amino, alcoholic and phenol. Significant morphological changes were observed using SEM analysis, which support the binding of metal with leaves and bark surfaces. Thus, it can be concluded that gymnosperms can be utilized as cost-effective and environment friendly alternative over commercial methods of treatment for removal of toxic metals and contaminants of water because these plants consists high metal binding properties at different environmental conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Chemical fractions and desorption of phosphorus and zinc in a fertilized mollisol(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2006) Kavidayal, Chandra Shekhar; Bali RamThesisItem Open Access Persistence And Trapping Efficiency Of Pheromone Of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner)(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2003) Dixil, Sonal; Kanaujia, SudhaThesisItem Open Access Desorption Pattern And Efficacy Of Different Pheromonal Blends Of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) Under Field Conditions(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2003) Gupta, Shweta; Kanaujia, Sudha