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2012 - 20134
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Author: Ravneet Kaur × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2011 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MARKER ASSISTED INTROGRESSION OF THE opaque2 (o2) GENE INTO ELITE MAIZE (Zea mays L.) INBRED LINES
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Ravneet Kaur; Yogesh, Vikal
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is deficient in the essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. The low nutritive value of maize endosperm protein is genetically corrected in Quality Protein Maize (QPM), which contains the opaque 2 (o2) gene along with numerous modifiers for kernel hardness. Two normal inbred lines viz. LM12 and LM13 were targeted for conversion into high quality protein versions using gene based SSR markers located within o2 using two generation marker-based backcross breeding program. DMR7 and CML165 were used as the QPM donor parents. In BC2F1 foreground selection for o2 gene was done using SSR marker phi057 in cross 1 (LM12/DMR7//2*LM12) and with SSR marker umc1066 in cross 2 (LM13/CML165//2*LM13). Out of the total 188 BC2F1 plants of cross 1, 87 heterozygous plants were obtained and similarly in cross 2, 114 heterozygous individuals were obtained out of 206 plants. The BC2F1 plants having o2 allele in heterozygous form were further screened using o2 gene flanking SSR marker and the plants either single or double recombinants, were identified. Whole genome background selection on the single or double recombinants using 104 SSR markers identified three plants with 83.7 to 91.0% recurrent parent genome content in each cross and were selfed to generate BC2F2 population. The three BC2F2 families were subjected to foreground selection and phenotypic selection for kernel modification. Fifty six plants in cross 1 and thirty nine plants in cross 2 having o2 allele in homozygous condition were selfed to generate BC2F3 progenies. The kernels from BC2F2 ears were segregated for hardness of endosperm and showed different levels of modification. In BC2F2 kernels the tryptophan concentration ranged from 0.56% to 0.97% for cross 1 whereas for cross 2 it ranged from 0.58% to 0.91%. 50% opaque BC2F3 lines were evaluated for agronomic traits for selection of single plant progenies to generate BC2F4 progenies.
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    DEVELOPING DESIGNS OF LOWER GARMENTS FOR COLLEGE GOING GIRLS THROUGH DRAPING TECHNIQUE
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Ravneet Kaur
    The investigation entitled „Developing designs of lower garments for college going girls through draping technique‟ was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting data from 90 college going girls between the age group of 18 to 22 years selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in their second year of graduation, belonging to nuclear families, urban background and had family income ranged between `40,000- 80,000. Trousers, salwars, capris and skirts were the four most preferred lower garments. Cotton and lycra fibres/fabrics, plain fabric without design, white and black colours and single coloured lower garments were most preferred in summer and winter seasons respectively. Among constructional features respondents preferred U- shape yoke, pin and cross tucks, plain gathers, knife and box pleats and patch pockets. Buttons were most preferred embellishments in lower garments. Four designs each for the four most preferred lower garments were developed through draping technique. Preferences regarding the sixteen developed designs for lower garments were taken. Thus top two ranked designs of four most preferred lower garments were selected for construction. Acceptability of prepared lower garments was evaluated on the basis of fit, comfort, drape, design, embellishments and overall impact. Majority of the respondents found design A2 of the trousers, design B2 of Patiala salwar, design C2 of capris and design D3 of skirts to be more fitted, comfortable and very good in drape, design embellishments and overall impact. Keywords: Draping technique, lower garments, embellishments, respondents, design, most preferred.
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    BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF WHEAT INVERTASE
    (2013) Ravneet Kaur
    The present investigation was aimed to study the interactive effect of high temperature (HT) and thiourea (TU) on various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters in four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars viz. C 306, C 273, PBW 343 and PBW 534. High temperature caused reduction in root/shoot length and dry weight while application of TU was effective in improving both root/shoot lengths and dry weight. High temperature caused increase in invertase activities in both root and shoot in correspondence with an increase in total sugars, reducing sugars and decrease in non reducing sugars. Thiourea alleviated HT response by further elevating invertase activities which lead to higher seedling dry mass (soluble sugars and proteins). Inhibitory effect of iodine and Hg+2 on invertases confirmed the presence of –SH group at the active catalytic site of enzyme. The differential response to metal ions suggested distinctive nature of invertases in four cultivars. High temperature also disrupted membrane stability parameters by increasing TBARs content and membrane permeability in root/shoot whereas TU application ameliorated this effect by reducing TBARs content and membrane injury in wheat seedlings. Sequence analysis of wall bound invertase was done using forward and reverse primers based on nucleotide sequence of Ivr1 gene. For this genomic DNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced. Polymorphism such as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and indels (insertions or deletions) were worked out and primers redesigned based on sequence polymorphism. Redesigned primers showed very slight expected dominant polymorphism in the studied cultivars due to A, B and D genomes of wheat
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the spawn production technology of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing
    (Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 2013) Ravneet Kaur; Dhanda, Shashi
    The yield potential of Agaricus bisporus depends mainly upon quality of spawn. Although spawn preparation protocol for Agaricus bisporus has been standardized, yet a loss of 15-20% of commercial spawn has been observed due to contamination. Present investigation was carried out to improve the existing technology of spawn production to produce quality spawn with high yield potential to make this venture a profitable process. Various factors that could affect spawn mycelial growth rate are the variety of wheat grains, the substrate boiling period (20-50 minutes), supplementation with CaCO3:CaSO4 and inoculum size were studied. The data revealed that varieties of wheat grains (PBW343, PBW621 and HD2967) have no adverse effect on the mycelial growth rate. Maximum linear mycelial growth when the grains were boiled for 30 minutes. In case of supplementation with CaCO3:CaSO4, maximum mycelial growth was observed in ratio 1:2. Variation in mycelial growth rate was seen on using one bit and two bits of inoculum but use of two bits of culture was found beneficial. Cultivation trials were carried out to study effect of spawn age on the yield potential of A. bisporus strain U3. Spawn prepared under standardized conditions was incubated for different time periods (10-40 days). Yield data after four weeks of harvest gave 10.5 -15.25 kg mushrooms per quintal compost with maximum yield (15.25kg/q compost) when G1 spawn after 20 days of incubation was used.