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2018 - 201932020 - 20212
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Author: Lovepreet Kaur × Start date: 1992 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Productivity and Nutritional Composition of Fish in Relation to Nutritional Quality of Fish Feeds in Some Commercial Fish Ponds of Shri Muktsar Sahib District of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Lovepreet Kaur; Sehgal, G.K.
    The present study evaluated productivity and nutritional composition of a cultured fish species, Labeo rohita (Ham.) in relation to nutritional quality of feeds and on-farm feeding practices in six commercial fish ponds of Shri Muktsar Sahib District of Punjab. The ponds were divided into two groups (3 in each group). The productivity of the pond group 1 was 6.25 to 7.5t ha-1 year-1 and in group 2, it was 4.0 to 5.6 t ha-1 year-1. Nutritional composition of the fish varied seasonally. The moisture content was minimum in summer and maximum in monsoon. Slightly higher moisture content was noticed in the fish from pond group 2 (78.05%) than from the group 1 (77.88%). Crude protein content (CP) was lowest in winter and highest in summer. The fish from the pond group 1 had significantly higher CP content (17%) than those from the group 2 (16.1%). The crude lipid content also remained higher in the fish from pond group 1 than those from the pond group 2 in monsoon and winter (2.01% and 1.80%, respectively). Carbohydrates were highest in summer and lowest in monsoon. There were non-significant differences in carbohydrates between the two groups of ponds. Ash was maximum during summer (2.55%) and minimum in monsoon (1.13%). The fish ash content from group 1 ponds was higher than from the group 2 in summer and monsoon but in group 1 in winter. Gross energy (GE) was highest in summer and lowest in winter. The GE of the fish from the pond group 1 was higher than of those from the group 2. Nonsignificant differences in air and water temperature occurred except in water temperature in winter when it was higher in group 2. Non-significant differences between the two groups of ponds existed in Secchi disc transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and salinity. Significantly higher dissolved phosphorus was recorded in group 2 in summer and monsoon. The total phytoplankton was higher in group 1 than in group 2 ponds. The average values were 221.31×105/L and 196.46×106/L in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were seasonal differences in zooplankton also. The total zooplankton number remained significantly higher in pond group 1. The average values were 402.29 No./L and 352.12 No./L in pond groups 1 and 2, respectively. Farmers of ponds 1 and 6 used de-oiled rice bran as fish feed. In ponds 2, 3, 4 and 5 formulated feeds were used. Nutritional composition of fish feeds varied seasonally. Non-significant differences in moisture occurred in monsoon and winter. In summer, it was higher in group 2. Non-significant differences in CP content occurred. Significantly higher CL occurred in group 1 ponds. Non-significant differences existed in carbohydrates. Significantly higher ash content was in group 1 ponds. Aflatoxins were detected in all the feeds given in all the six ponds. Daily ration size was 2% of body weight per day except in pond 3 where it was 3%. Feeding frequency and time of feeding was once in the morning. The feed dispensing method was broadcasting except in ponds 3 and 4 where perforated sacs/drums were used. Crude protein and crude lipid of feeds had major effect on nutritional composition of fish.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Derivatization of benzimidazole and their evaluation as antinematic agents
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Lovepreet Kaur; Utreja, Divya
    2-Substituted benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by condensation reaction of ophenylenediamine with different aryl aldehyde. N-alkylation of substituted derivatives was carried out by using different alkyl halides in the presence of phase transfer catalyst tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate and 30% KOH as base. Characterization of synthesized derivatives was carried out using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The resulted compounds were also screened for their nematicidal activity against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by egg hatching and mortality test. All the compounds exhibited significant nematicidal potential as compared to control. Maximum egg hatching inhibition potential and maximum mortality potential was exhibited by compound 2-(2-nitrophenyl)1H-benzimidazole (3a).
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Mapping of Ascochyta blight resistance gene(s)/QTLs from exotic Cicer arietinum L. germplasm in cultivated kabuli chickpea
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Lovepreet Kaur; Ajinder Kaur
    Chickpea is an important pulse crop in the world after dry beans. Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a major fungal disease of chickpea and can cause upto 100% yield losses under favourable conditions. It is both air-borne and seed-borne disease that spreads rapidly to all the aerial parts including leaves, petioles, flowers, pods, branches and stems leading to rapid collapse and death of plants. The present investigation was undertaken for mapping of Ascochyta blight resistance gene using an interspecific population. The chickpea cultivar, L 552, besides having several agronomically important characters is susceptible to Ascochyta blight and the exotic accession, FLIP 05-43, is resistant to Ascochyta blight. An F2 interspecific population was developed from cross between L 552 (female parent) and FLIP 05-43 (donar parent). Inheritance studies in F2 and F2:3 populations revealed that inheritance of Ascochyta blight resistance was controlled by monogenic recessive gene, that was designated as arr6. A total of 300 SSR markers were used for polymorphism survey of the parents. A considerably low polymorphism of 15.30 % was found between the parents, and 46 polymorphic markers were used for genotyping of F2 population. For generating linkage map, these 46 SSRs were subjected to linkage analysis using MAPDISTO (1.7.6.5) software at LOD of 3, only 31 markers were mapped generating a linkage map of 377.14 cM with eight linkage groups. Using this linkage map, arr6 gene was mapped onto linkage group 4 at a distance of 8.6 cM distal to CGMM072 marker and from NCPGR247 marker, it was located at a distance 16.1 cM. There is a need to identify more SSR markers in the region lying between the markers CGMM072 and NCPGR247 in order to minimize the distance from the arr6 gene and its transfer to the elite cultivar (L 552) for providing durable resistance against Ascochyta blight. Thus, this study provides further prospective for fine mapping and map based cloning of the arr6 gene.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Wheat yield forecasting using statistical models
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Lovepreet Kaur; Amrit Kaur
    The present study had been conducted to develop models based on weather variables for forecasting the wheat productivity of Amritsar, Ludhiana and Patiala districts of Punjab. The forty years data: (1970-71 to 2009-10) on wheat productivity and weather variables were used for model development and seven years data (2010-11 to 2016-17) for validation. The linear and non-linear models; simple linear, quadratic, cubic, fourth degree polynomial, monomolecular, logistic and gompertz were developed to remove the effect of technological factors over time. On the basis of goodness of fit statistics, the logistic model came best from linear and non-linear models. The detrended wheat productivity obtained after fitting the logistic model was used for forecasting the wheat productivity on the basis of weather variables; maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity morning, relative humidity evening and bright sunshine hours. The fourteen weeks weather data of vegetative period of wheat crop had been utilized to forecast the productivity. Three weather indices based models; model I (un-weighted), model II (weighted) and model III (combined) were developed for each district using weather indices and detrended wheat productivity. The stepwise regression technique was applied and the results revealed that weighted model (model II) declared as best model for Amritsar, Ludhiana and Patiala districts explaining 60%, 67% and 52% variation in the detrended wheat productivity and had RMSPE 8.57%, 6.93% and 6.20% respectively. The weighted interaction of maximum and minimum temperature played crucial role in wheat productivity. The selected models followed the assumptions of residuals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides as antifungal agents against phytopathogenic fungi
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Lovepreet Kaur; Anajli
    A series of 1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides was synthesized by microwave irradiation method in excellent yield, using sulfonyl chlorides and 1,2,4-triazoles as starting materials. The products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and screened for their antifungal potential against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, and Helminthosporium oryzae by poisoned food technique in terms of ED50 values. The synthesized compounds displayed moderate to significant activity. Among all test compounds, 4-Methyl-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (4) and 4-Methyl-N-(4H- 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (7) showed best antifungal activity against all test fungi with respective ED50 values 4.0 and 3.4 μg ml-1 against Alternaria alternata, 2.3 and 2.0 μg/ml against Curvularia lunata and 3.5 and 3.0 μg/ml against Helminthosporium oryzae, multifold lower than the standard fungicides used, Tilt and Captan. The results were rationalized on the basis of in silico analysis viz. Toxicity analysis, Docking analysis and Lipinski parameters.