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Thesis

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2015 - 20183
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Author: Amrinder Singh × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2014 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Awareness and Perception Towards Soya Milk
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2015) Amrinder Singh; Goyal, Pratibha
    The present study was conducted to find awareness and perception towards soya milk as well as preference regarding soya milk in Ludhiana. It also aimed at analyzing perception and preference regarding quality, price, variety, convenience, etc. The study was conducted by selecting 10 colleges and 5 gymnasiums in Ludhiana. From each college and gymnasium a sample of 10 students and gym goers was selected on convenience basis making the sample size of 150 respondents. Primary data was collected with the help of structured and non-disguised questionnaires. The study showed that customers are aware about soya milk and its nutritional value but they are not aware about different brands. Customers perceived soya milk as healthy product. But only half of them preferred soya milk over other beverages. The demographic profile of the respondents also shows variance in their preference for soya milk.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Weed Management in Lawn (Cynodon dactylon L.) Calcutta grass var. Sel-1
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amrinder Singh; Dubey, R. K.
    Field experiment was conducted in the established lawn of PAU landscape nursery, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during March to December 2017 to manage the sedge and broad leaf weeds in lawn. The experimental plot comprised of (Cynodon dactylon L.) Calcutta grass var. Sel-1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having eight treatments with three replications. The treatments were 2,4-D amine at 580 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl at 4 g ha-1, halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1, metsulfuron at 5 g ha-1, carfentrazone ethyl at 20 g ha-1, metsulfuron methyl + carfentrazone ethyl at 25 g ha-1, four hand weedings at 15 days interval and unweeded control. The predominant weed species noticed at experiment site were Anagalis arvensis, Coronopus didymus, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva parviflora, Medicago denticulata, Euphorbia microphylla, Melilotus indica, Rumex dentatus, Amaranthus viridis, Chenopodium album, Gomphrena celosioides, Phyllanthus niruri, Celosia argentea, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Alternanthera philoxeroides,Euphorbia hirta, Oxalis martiana as broadleaf weeds and Cyperus rotundus as sedge.The results indicated that the number of sedge and broad leaf weeds were found to be significantly more in unweeded control. Among herbicide treatments, density of broad leaf weeds decreased to a greater extent in 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1. Halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 decreased weed density of sedge drastically as compared to other herbicides. The weed control efficiency recorded highest in hand weeding at every 15 days interval. Among the herbicides, 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 was recorded higher weed control efficiency and lower dry matter of weeds compared to other herbicide treatments in case of broadleaf weeds. Halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 recorded the highest weed control efficiency and the lowest dry matter of sedge compared to other herbicide treatments. The nutrient uptake by weeds was higher in unweeded control as compared to all other treatments. The nutrient uptake by weeds was lower in 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 followed by metsulfuron methyl + carfentrazone ethyl at 25 g ha-1. Among the herbicide treatments saving in weeding cost over hand weeding (Rs.16755 ha-1) was recorded in 2,4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 which is performed significantly better than other herbicide treatments for control of broadleaf weeds. Saving in weeding cost over hand weeding (Rs.12605 ha-1) was recorded in halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 which is performed significantly better than other herbicide treatments for control of sedge (Cyperus rotundus). So, 2, 4-D amine at 580 g ha-1 and halosulfuron at 67.5 g ha-1 were effective herbicides for management of broad leaf weeds and sedge in lawn respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of functional fermented milk beverage (lassi) incorporating sugarcane juice
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amrinder Singh; Bajwa, Usha
    The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to optimize the formulation and processing conditions of functional lassi sweetened by incorporating sugarcane juice. Milk was transformed into dahi using Lactococcus lactis subspp. cremoris under standard conditions. The level of milk fat content varied from 0 to 4.5 per cent, skim milk powder (SMP) addition from 0 to 3 per cent and sugarcane juice incorporation from 10 to 60 per cent. The optimized magnitude of variables for the preparation of functional lassi was found to be 4.5 per cent fat in milk, 2 per cent skim milk powder (SMP) and 40 per cent sugarcane juice. The lassi samples prepared thereof were packaged in high density polyethylene (HDPE) sachets and glass bottles and stored at room (37oC) and refrigeration (5oC) temperatures. These were evaluated for changes in physico-chemical characteristics, sensory attributes and microbiological quality at regular intervals. There was a decrease in total solids, total sugar, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, ascorbic acid, total phenols and antioxidant activity and increase in acidity and reducing sugars during storage at both temperatures. Standard plate count and lactic count were reduced whereas yeast and mold count got amplified during storage. Lassi remained acceptable and microbiologically safe for 2 and 6 days at room and refrigeration temperature, respectively in both types of packages.