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2012 - 201922020 - 20211
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Subject: Zoology × Author: Ramandeep Kaur × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by combination of arsenic, cadmium and lead heavy metal and its amelioration by curcumin and ascorbic acid in male albino rats
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Ramandeep Kaur; Navdeep Kaur
    The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by mixture of As, Cd and Pb in drinking water and its amelioration with curcumin and ascorbic acid was studied in male albino rats. The histopathological studies showed changes in architecture of liver and kidney tissues of heavy metals treated rats as compared to control rats and curcumin and ascorbic acid showed a restored structure of liver and kidneys. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in proteins, lipids, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and significant increase in cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acids and malondialdehyde level (MDA) in liver and kidneys and a significant increase in activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) as well as urea, creatinine in plasma of heavy metals treated rats at 60 and 90 days. The liver of rats treated with heavy metals, curcumin and ascorbic acids showed non-significant variation of proteins, lipids, cholesterol for 60 days only and MDA , activities of SOD, catalase in liver as well as activities of plasma enzymes such as ACP, AKP, ALT, AST for 60 and 90 days .The rats treated with heavy metals, curcumin and ascorbic acids showed non-significant variation of MDA, plasma urea for 60 days and proteins, lipids, cholesterol, phospholipid, fatty acids, activities of SOD , catalase in kidneys as well as plasma creatinine for 60 and 90 days. Thus, curcumin and ascorbic acid have the ameliorating potential against hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by mixture of heavy metals in drinking water.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF EUCALYPTUS AND CITRONELLA OILS AS REPELLENTS AGAINST HOUSE RAT, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Ramandeep Kaur; Neena, Singla
    Experiments were conducted in laboratory pens, maze and store houses using two essential oils namely eucalyptus and citronella oils to study their repellency against house rat, Rattus rattus. In laboratory pens, both oils were applied as paint, as encapsulated wax blocks and as spray each further with three modes of application i.e. daily, once a week, and alternatively in a week at three concentrations 5, 10 and 20%. Repellent effect of the two oils was observed at all the concentrations tested but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher effect of eucalyptus oil was in female rats at 20% concentration and of citronella oil in male rats at 10% concentration when applied as spray alternatively. Multichoice experiment conducted in T-maze using 5% eucalyptus and citronella oils as encapsulated wax blocks in choice with no treatment revealed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher repellent effect of eucalyptus oil compared to citronella oil in female rats. Bichoice experiment conducted in I-maze using 5% eucalyptus oil as encapsulated wax blocks in choice with no treatment showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced movements and activities of both male and female rats in treated zone compared to untreated zone. In store house experiments conducted using 5% eucalyptus and citronella oils as encapsulated wax blocks and as spray revealed more percent repellency and control success with eucalyptus oil as encapsulated wax blocks. Present studies thus reveal the efficacy of 5% eucalyptus oil encapsulated in wax blocks as repellent against R. rattus of both sexes.
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    Efficacy of capsicum oleoresin and red chilli powder as aversive agents against house rat, Rattus rattus
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Ramandeep Kaur; Singla, Neena
    Present study was conducted to evaluate the aversive effect of red chilli powder and capsicum oleoresin against house rat, Rattus rattus. In the laboratory, R. rattus were fed on cereal based bait containing red chilli powder (1, 2 and 3%), capsicum oleoresin (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and pure capsaicin (0.01 and 0.03%) in bi-choice tests. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher antifeedant effect was observed with 2 and 3% red chilli powder, 0.3 and 0.5% capsicum oleoresin and 0.03% pure capsaicin. Biochemical studies revealed a significant increase in plasma levels of total proteins, ACP, ALP and LDH and a significant decrease in tissue levels of total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids in rats treated with 1and 2% red chilli powder and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% capsicum oleoresin. Histological studies revealed deleterious effects in liver, stomach, small intestine and tongue of treated rats. Histo-enzymological studies revealed loss of activity of ALP, LDH, SDH, GLD and G-6-PD enzymes in liver, stomach and small intestine. Histochemical studies indicated slight decrease in carbohydrate, lipid and phospholipids content in liver, stomach and small intestine of treated rats. Experiments in laboratory and poultry farms revealed increase in acceptance of rodenticide baits in the presence of these aversive agents. Maze experiments and those under simulated store conditions revealed aversive effect of 2% red chilli powder and 0.3% capsicum oleoresin and their role in reducing damage by rats. Present study suggests the use of 2% red chilli powder and 0.3% capsicum oleoresin as part of integrated rodent pest management programme.