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2016 - 20186
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Impact of different irrigation methods on microbial activity in pea and chickpea
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Singhal, Neha; Siag, Mukesh
    Field experiment was conducted in winter seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at PAU, Ludhiana to study the impact of different irrigation methods on microbial activity in pea and chickpea. Pea var. PB-89 and chickpea var. PBG-5 were grown under five types of irrigation treatments. The treatments were drip irrigation in crop grown on plain (T1), drip irrigation in crop grown on ridges (T2), flood irrigation (T3), furrow irrigation (T4) and rainfed crop (T5). Growth parameters of plant height and leaf area index were recorded significantly higher under drip irrigation treatments. Symbiotic traits as number of nodules per plant and dry weight of nodules were recorded similar under different irrigation treatments but significantly more than rainfed treatment. However, leghaemoglobin content of nodules was found significantly more under drip irrigation. Microbial population of bacteria and Rhizobia were found non-significant but population of fungi and p-solubilizer bacteria and dehydrogenase activity of soil were significantly higher in drip and furrow irrigation. Significantly higher yields were found in drip irrigation treatments with maximum values under T1 for both the crops in both years and minimum values were observed under T5. A constant moisture regime was maintained in T1 and T2 which resulted in increased microbial activity and yield, while fluctuating moisture content under flood and furrow and deficit moisture content under rainfed treatment adversely affected yields. It may be concluded that drip irrigation positively impacts symbiotic traits and microbial activity which leads to better growth and yield of pea and chickpea crops.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of groundwater vulnerability of Amritsar district using GIS based DRASTIC model
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sandeep Kaur; Khullar, N. K.
    Groundwater contamination is of particular concern as groundwater is the principal source of water for irrigation, drinking and industrial activities. The present study investigated the groundwater vulnerability of Amritsar district (Punjab) by using the GIS based DRASTIC model. This model uses seven hydrogeological parameters viz. depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity. Layers for all these parameters were created in ArcGIS. Groundwater vulnerability index was computed within ArcGIS and it varies between 129 and 175. The results of the analysis showed that about 57.91% study area lies in the low vulnerable zone with vulnerability index ranges between 129 and 145, 40.46% area lies in the moderately vulnerable zone with vulnerability index ranging between 145 and 160 and 1.63% area is the high vulnerable zone with vulnerability index range between 160 and 175. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to evaluate the impact of each DRASTIC parameter on groundwater vulnerability index. Two methods were used namely single parameter sensitivity analysis and map removal sensitivity analysis. Single parameter sensitivity indicated that depth to water table, net recharge, topography and hydraulic conductivity layers are most significant hydrogeological parameters for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability of the study area. Map removal sensitivity analysis indicates that vulnerability index is highly sensitive to the depth to water table layer, topography and soil layers but it is least sensitive to aquifer media layer. The study will be helpful for land use planning.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of abandoned wells for groundwater recharge
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Palwinder Singh; Aggarwal, Rajan
    The Punjab State is facing continuous problem of declining groundwater table for last 2-3 decades. Wells which were used for withdrawal of water earlier have dried up and become abandoned. During rainy season and winter season irrigation water requirement through canal water reduces sharply. So, farmer can use surplus canal water for recharging groundwater. In the present study recharge rate and its impact under different conditions were studied for recharging groundwater through abandoned well. The recharge rate through abandoned well varies from 0.2 l/s to 7.67 l/s for different heads. The recharging of surplus canal water will improve overall quality of groundwater. Salinity and sodicity of groundwater decrease due to recharging of surplus canal water. Recharging abandoned well with gravel pack will improved overall capacity and life of abandoned well. There was negligible effect on rise in water table as limited volume of water for limited time was recharged.
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    Classification of Damaged Crops using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Randhawa, Prabhjot Kaur; Singh, J.P.
    Crop damage is a serious problem which perilously affect the agriculture production and the livelihood of farmers and nation as a whole. In the present study, two villages namely; Bagga kalan, Nurpur Bet and Sarmastpur, Bal from each Ludhiana and Jalandhar district respectively, were selected for classifying and quantifying the crop area under damage using remote sensing (RS) and GIS technique. WV-2 and LISS-3 data were used for digitizing cadastral map under each village and classifying the villages under various classes. Confusion matrix were tabulated under each village for computing accuracy assessment for ground truthing and classified values. There were no losses in all the villages of Ludhiana and Jalandhar district. Therefore damaged was induced into each of the village. The study revealed that the affected area under damage were found to be 26.48 ha, 30.01 ha, 10.10 ha and 45.84 ha for villages Bagga kalan, Nurpur Bet, Sarmastpur and Bal respectively. A case was carried out to identify damaged wheat crop on satellite imagery. Lohgarh village of Sirsa district, Haryana was chosen in which damage wheat crop was found to be 127.62 ha due to inundation.
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    Simulation of Water and Nitrogen Movement under Drip irrigated Okra Crop
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Krittika; Jain, A. K.
    In Indian agriculture optimum and efficient use of water and fertilizer are of great significance to enhance crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of department of Soil and Water Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana during March – July 2015, to determine optimum irrigation level and fertilizer dose. Simulation of water and nitrogen movement was also done using numerical model Hydrus – 2D. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three fertigation treatments i.e. 60% of recommended dose of fertilizer (F1), 80% of recommended dose of fertilizer (F2) and 100% of recommended dose of fertilizer (F3) in main plots. Three irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration i.e. 0.6 Etc (I1), 0.8 Etc (I2) and 1.0 Etc (I3) with three replications. Okra yield was maximum in I2F2 treatment (211.6 q ha-1) with an increased yield of 27.01% over traditional method. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant effect of irrigation and fertilizer treatment and its combination on yield but the effect was not significant on plant height and plant population. The observed values of moisture content and nitrogen were simulated using Hydrus – 2D model. During calibration of moisture as well as nitrogen, the parameter Ks (saturated hydraulic conductivity) and n (fitting parameter) were found to be most sensitive in respect to the model output. The validation of model was done by comparing observed and modeled values of soil moisture and nitrogen at different depths. The average relative error during the validation of moisture content was 5% and for nitrogen was 5.66%. The model performance in simulating soil moisture and nitrogen was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values using four parameters namely relative error, root mean square error, correlation coefficient and model efficiency. The modeled values of moisture content and available nitrogen were in good agreement with the observed values.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modelling the effect of climate change on irrigation requirements of rice-wheat system in central Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Din Dar, Mehraj U; Aggarwal, Rajan
    Climate change poses significant threats to global food security and water resources. In present study, the crop simulation model (DSSAT V 4.6.1) was applied to assess the effect of climate change on water balance components, especially irrigation requirements and yield behavior of rice- wheat system in Ludhiana district under HAD GEM2-ES RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Bias correction of climate data was done by correction functions, developed using linear scaling method at monthly time scale for rainfall, Tmax and Tmin. The simulation spanned 46 years of baseline (1970-2015) as well as two future periods’ mid-century (MC) (2020-2050) and end century EC (2060-2090). The results showed that the temperature would increase by 1.56 °C and rainfall would decrease by 98 mm in MC (2020-2050); and 3.11°C and 90 mm in EC (2060-2090), respectively under RCP 4.5. In RCP 8.5 the increase in temperature and rainfall was 2.75°C and153 mm, respectively in MC and the corresponding values in EC was 5.46°C and 251 mm, respectively. As a consequence of this the irrigation requirements in MC and EC decreased by 8.6% and 7.4% in rice crop and increased by 24.4% and 43.1% in wheat crop respectively under RCP 4.5. But in RCP 8.5 the irrigation requirements for rice crop decreased by 13.73% and 12.7% in MC and EC, respectively and in wheat crop it increased to 27.14% and 30.69% in MC and EC, respectively. These findings may provide a useful insight into the potential effects of climate change on irrigation requirements and yield in Ludhiana district.