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ThesisItem Open Access DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT ELEMENTS BY SOME IMPORTANT GENOTYPES OF GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.)(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA, 1996) BHUPINDER SINGH; BINDRA, A. S.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability studies in watermelon for yield and quality traits [Citrulus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai](Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Gurpreet Singh; Rajinder SinghThe present investigation entitled âHeterosis and combining ability studies in watermelon for yield and quality traits [Citrulus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]â was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, India, during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Ten lines were crossed with four testers in a line x tester fashion and forty hybrids were assessed for various yield and quality attributes. Magnitude due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was found significant for most of the traits, indicating importance of both additive and non additive gene control in the inheritance of traits. The ratio of Ï2SCA/ Ï2GCA was more than unity indicating more influence of non additive genetic control except for days taken to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per plant, TSS and total carotenoids. The tester Arka Manik and Sugar Baby were good general combiners for most of the yield and quality parameters. While, among lines, EC-829875, WM-14 and EC-829870 were good combiners for most of the traits. The F1 Hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for fruit number per vine, EC-829826 x Sugar Baby for total yield per acre, EC-829870 x Sugar Baby for number of days to first fruit harvest and 100 seed weight, WM-53 x EC-829852 for average fruit weight, EC-829826 x EC-829827 for seed number per fruit, EC-829870 x EC-829827 for TSS content and EC-8298226 x EC-829852 for lycopene content were stood out good specific combiners. The hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for vine length, TSS and lycopene content, EC-829823 x EC-829852 for total fruit yield per plant, WM-14 x EC-829827 for number of fruits per plant, EC-829826 x Arka Manik for average fruit weight, number of primary branches, WM-53 x EC-829827 for internode length and EC-829870 x Sugar Baby for 100 seed weight were exhibited highest heterotic effect over better parent (BP). The hybrids EC-829870 x Arka Manik for vine length, EC-829826 x Aarka Manik for number of primary branches, EC-8829858 x Arka Manik for days to harvest first fruit, EC-829875 x Arka Manik for total fruit yield per plant, WM-14 x Sugar Baby for number of fruits per plant, EC-829826 x Arka Manik for average fruit weight, , EC-829823 x EC-829827 for internode length and KFF 1-1-2 x Sugar Baby for TSS were exhibited highest standard heterotic effect over check. The present investigation revealed that hybrids EC-829870 x EC 829827, WM-14 x sugar Baby, KFF 1-1-2 x Arka Manik were promising hybrids in terms of yield and quality traits and can be exploited commercially.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pruning time and hydrogen cyanamide on maturity, productivity and fruit quality of Baramasi Lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm)(Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture PAU, Ludhiana, 1997) Singh, Harpal; Sandhu, A. SThesisItem Restricted Immunological and serodiagnostic studies on paramphistomiasis in livestock(Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture PAU, Ludhiana, 1994) Singh, Jatinder Jit; Singh, M.PThesisItem Open Access Inheritance of gynoecium, yield and quality traits of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Tanveer Kaur; Dhall, R.K.Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) of cucumber were developed from crossing gynoecious parent (Gy-14) with three commercial varieties (Pusa Uday, Punjab Naveen and Pant Kheera-1) during Feb-May 2017 and September-December 2017 and were evaluated during Feb-May 2018 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to find out the genetics of gynoecium, yield and quality in cucumber. From the ABCD scaling test and three parameter model of joint scaling test, the absence of non-allelic interactions was detected for node at which first female flower appears in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen and Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1, number of primary branches per plant, fruit diameter in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday, number of fruits per plant in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday and Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1, yield of marketable fruits per plant in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday and Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday and Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1 and mineral matter. In most of the traits duplicate type of epistasis was present which will reduce the net gain occurring from heterozygosity due to cancellation of dominance and epistatic effects. Among epistatic interactions, additive Ă dominance type was higher only for fruit weight in Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1, whereas additive Ă additive type of interaction was observed to be higher for days to first fruit harvest in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday, fruit length and fruit breadth in Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1 suggesting the use of pedigree method for improvement in these traits. In all the remaining traits such as node at which first female flower appears in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday, vine length, days to first fruit harvest in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen and Gy-14 Ă Pant Kheera-1, fruit diameter in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen, fruit weight in Gy-14 Ă Pusa Uday and Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen, number of fruits per plant in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen, yield of marketable fruits per plant in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen and ascorbic acid in Gy-14 Ă Punjab Naveen, dominance Ă dominance interaction was higher in magnitude, therefore these traits can be improved by heterosis breeding. Based on phenotypic scoring and SSR marker studies, it was observed that gynoecium was controlled by single dominant gene in all the crosses. It is further concluded that the SSR marker, SSR15516, can be used to check the transfer of gynoecium gene in the segregating populations of cucumber.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of pruning time on fruit maturity, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Ranveer Singh; Arora, N.K.The present investigation on âStudies on effect of pruning time on fruit maturity, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.)was conducted at Regional Fruit Research Station, Bahadurgarh, Patiala and Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. On the entire tree, the 50 per cent portion from apex of one-year-old shoot was headed back on 15th and 30th of date of March, April, May and June months. Control trees were left unpruned. The tree growth parameters viz. net increase in tree height, spread and canopy volume recorded higher in control as compared to pruned trees. It was noticed that new shoot emergence and flowering delayed with delay in the pruning time. March-April pruning treatments recorded maximum flowering percentage during the months of April and May, while, May-June treatments shows maximum flowering percentage in the months of July and August. This shifting of flowering percentage in May pruned trees helps in the early fruit maturity and more yield during the winter season of guava. Maximum fruit weight, fruit number per plant, with highest fruit yield during winter season was obtained in trees, which subjected to pruning on 15th and 30th May. Times of pruning have non-significant effect on the total soluble solids and acidity of the guava fruit during both the seasons irrespective of variety; while, maximum vitamin C was found in May pruned trees. The present studies suggested that guava tree should be pruned between 15th and 30th May for early harvesting of quality fruits in winter season. The present studies suggested that guava tree should be pruned between 15th and 30th May for early harvesting of quality fruits in winter season.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF PUTRESCINE AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON THE STORAGE AND QUALITY OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) cv. DUSEHRI(PAU Ludhiana, 2011) Madhu Kumari; Harminder KaurThe investigations on the âEffect of putrescine and calcium chloride on the storage and quality of mango cv.Dusehriâ were conducted in the Department of Horticulture, PAU, Ludhiana during 2009-2010. In group 1 experiment, mango trees were sprayed with putrescine (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mmol/l) and calcium chloride (1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) solution 10 days before harvest. Fully matured fruits were harvested, washed, disinfected, dried and packed in corrugated fibre board boxes (CFB). In group II experiment, fully matured fruits were dipped in putrescine (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mmol/l) and calcium chloride (1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) solutions. Thereafter, fruits were dried and packed in corrugated fibre board boxes. Packed fruits from both the groups were stored for 20 days in cold room (13±10C temperature) and 85-90% R.H. Physico chemical analysis of fruits were done after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage. General appearance of fruits was better in treated fruits as compared to highly shrivelled control fruits in both the groups. Treatment of mango fruits with chemicals significantly reduced the physiological fruit weight loss. The maximum reduction in fruit weight loss was recorded in putrescine 2.0 mmol/l and CaCl2 2.0 per cent in both groups. Rotting of fruits was better checked with putrescine and calcium chloride treatments. Minimum rotting percentage was recorded in putrescine 2.0 mmol/l and CaCl2 2.0 per cent. Organoleptic rating was better with treatment CaCl2 2.0 per cent and putrescine 2.0 mmol/l in both the group. Total soluble solids, TSS/acid ratio, -carotene content total and reducing sugars increased as the storage period advanced and were higher in control fruits. The acidity of fruits decreased as the storage period increased and maximum decrease in acidity was observed in control fruits. pre harvest spray of putrescine 2.0 mmol/l (T8), calcium chloride 2.0 per cent (T11) and post harvest dip of putrescine 2.0 mmol/l and calcium chloride 2.0 per cent were the best treatments for prolonging the shelf life of mango fruits, by reducing the physiological loss in weight and rotting , delaying ripening and maintaining the fruit quality during storage at 13 ±10C temperature. However post harvest dip of calcium chloride 2.0 per cent was found more effective and economical than pre harvest spray.ThesisItem Restricted âStudies on improvement of fruit quality through girdling and thinning in Satluj Purple plumâ(PAU Ludhiana, 2011) Neeraj Sharma; Harminder KaurThe present investigation entitled âStudies on improvement of fruit quality through girdling and thinning in Satluj Purple plumâ was carried out in the New Orchard, Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2009. Plants of Satluj Purple plum planted at 3x1.5 m were used as experimental material. In experiment I, Trunk and limb girdling was done at full bloom and 7,14,21,28 and 35 days after full bloom. All the girdling treatments advanced fruit maturity as compared to control. Least number of days taken for maturity were recorded when limb girdling was done 21 days after full bloom. Yield was found to increase and fruit drop was reduced in all the treatments. Maximum yield, fruit weight and size, pulp/stone ratio, colour and better fruit quality in terms of higher TSS, TSS/acid ratio, ÎČ-carotene with lower acidity and firmness were observed when limb girdling was done 21 days after full bloom. Healing of the girdle was satisfactory and there was no detrimental effect noticed in any of the treatments. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content were decreased and total carbohydrates were increased with the girdling. In experiment II, Hand thinning was done at fruit set and 7, 14,21and 28 days after fruit set. Hand thinning treatments advanced fruit maturity and also resulted better quality of fruits as compared to control. Higher yield fruit weight, size, colour, TSS, TSS/acid ratio and lower acidity and minimum firmness were recorded when hand thinning was done 14 days after fruit set. Significant increase in ÎČ-carotene and diameter of thinned fruits was recorded with hand thinning as compared to control. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content were found to decreased whereas total carbohydrates increase with hand thinning treatments.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF CHEMICALS ON STORAGE LIFE AND QUALITY OF BER CV. UMRAN(PAU Ludhiana, 2011) Salveen Kaur; JS, BalThe investigations on âEffect of chemicals on storage life and quality of ber cv. Umranâ was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, PAU, Ludhiana during year 2011. The fruits were harvested at peak maturity period (29th March) along with pedicel and were dipped in ascorbic acid, boric acid and sodium carbonate (1, 2, 3 %) each for 5 min. Treated fruits were packed in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes of 2 Kg capacity and kept in cold chamber at 7ÂșC temperature and 90-95 per cent RH. The fruits were analysed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage. The lowest physiological loss in weight was found in ber fruits treated with ascorbic acid 2 per cent and sodium carbonate 1 per cent. High palatability rating was noted in fruits dipped in ascorbic acid 1-3 per cent. The spoilage of fruits was noted significantly less in fruits treated with ascorbic acid treatments. The highest total soluble solids and âbâ value of fruit colour was recorded in the fruits dipped in boric acid 3 per cent. The highest mean fruit firmness, pulp/stone ratio and total sugars were noted in the fruits treated with ascorbic acid 3 per cent. The pedicels were properly retained with fruits up to 21 days of storage. The lowest acid content was estimated with boric acid 3 per cent and sodium carbonate 1-2 per cent. Higher retention of vitamin C was observed in fruits with ascorbic acid 2 and 3 per cent treatments. The physiological loss in weight, spoilage and TSS/ acid ratio were increased with prolongation of storage days whereas palatability rating, fruit firmness, pulp/stone ratio, acidity, vitamin C were decreased with advancement of storage period. TSS and total sugars increased significantly up to 14 days of storage but followed a decrease at later period of storage. It was concluded that Umran ber kept with pedicel could be stored satisfactorily for 21 days in cold chamber (7ÂșC) without any major effect on their quality.