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20224
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Subject: Extension Education × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Evaluative study on management practices in kinnow crop with special reference to Phytophthora disease in Punjab.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Sharma, Ashutosh; Garg, Lavleesh
    The study entitled “Evaluative study on management practices in kinnow crop with special reference to Phytophthora disease in Punjab was undertaken. 200 kinnow growers were selected from the four Districts with probability proportional to size sampling method. 92, 74, 18, 16 kinnow growers were selected from Fazilka, Hoshiarpur, Shri Muktsar Sahib and Bathinda respectively. Interview schedule was prepared and data was collected personally by interviewing kinnow growers. The age of respondents varied from 27-56 years in which 44.5 per cent belonged to age group of 37-46 years. One third of respondents had medium operational land holding and more than half (55.5%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about kinnow management practices of insect pests, diseases and disorders. More than half (55%) of the respondents procured kinnow plants from recommended sources i.e.PAU nursery. In general respondents applied recommended insecticides for control of insect-pests, disease and disorders. Sodium Hypochlorite was the most cost-efficient Phytophthora management practice among all the other management practices with an average price of 500 Rs. per acre. Highest average yield was obtained with the application of Ridomil Gold among all the other management practices for Phytophthora disease. Average fixed cost for planting of 110 kinnow plants per acre in orchard was 12,300 Rs. In case of average operational cost hoeing, agro-chemicals, irrigation, fertilizers, manures, training & pruning and diesel costed 8,000/- 9,000/-, 1,500/-, 5,100/-, 10,000/-, 5,000/-, and 3,800 Rs. respectively making a combined average total cost of 54,700 Rs. per acre per annum. Around 79 per cent of the respondents faced problem regarding cost of inputs.
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    Attitude of University students towards gender roles
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Nath, Meghali; Sharma, Preeti
    The study entitled ―Attitude of University students towards gender roles‖ was conducted to determine the attitude of University students towards gender roles, analyze the factors affecting the attitude of University students towards gender roles and compare the attitudinal difference between female and male students. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by taking a sample of 200 Punjabi students (100 females and 100 males) aged between 20-28 years from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was prepared to collect the data. The results revealed that overall half of the respondents had egalitarian attitude towards gender role. Furthermore, majority of the female students had egalitarian attitude whereas more than half of the male students had transitional attitude towards gender roles. On analyzing the relationship of the independent variables with the attitude of the students, it was found that factors such as birth order, mother‘s education, social interaction and involvement in extra-curricular activities were found to have a positive and significant correlation with the gender role attitude of the respondents. On the other hand, factors such as age, gender socialization by parents and gender discriminatory experiences faced by the students were found to have a negative impact on their attitude. Moreover, parenting type of the parents and caste of the respondents also had a significant association with the gender role attitude of the respondents. Findings suggest that mother‘s education of the students may be considered as a critical step towards nurturing gender sensitized society. Additionally, students are to be encouraged for social interaction with family, friends and advisors and also active involvement in extra-curricular activities.
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    Exploratory study on entrepreneurial behaviour and adoption of production technology by the chilli growers of Punjab.
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Sunidhi; Dharminder Singh
    The study entitled „An exploratory study on entrepreneurial behaviour and adoption of production technology by the chilli growers of Punjab‟ was undertaken with the objective to know the entrepreneurial behaviour of chilli growers, to assess the extent of adoption and to identify the constraints faced by the farmers. The study was conducted in the four districts of Punjab. From each selected district, 30 farmers were randomly selected, thus making a total of 120 respondents. Data was collected by personally visiting the study area and interviewing the farmers. Study revealed that the majority of the respondents were matriculated possessed medium operational land holding and medium level of extension contacts. The study revealed that the majority of the chilli growers possess a medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour with a mean score of 64.88 on eight selected attributes. It was found that nearly sixty of the respondents adopted CH-27, a variety recommended by PAU which had also covered the maximum area. Farmers have also grown several private varieties and purchased the chilli seed from private companies. Majority of chilli growers adopted recommended seed rate and sowing time practices while deviated from recommended crop spacing practices. Chilli growers were applying more than recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassic fertilizers. More than half of the chilli growers had applied more than the recommended number of irrigations. Majority (52.50%) of the chilli growers had a medium overall adoption index regarding recommended chilli production technology whereas 30 per cent of the farmers had high adoption index. Scarcity of labour at the time of picking, fluctuation in marketing prices, costly hybrid seed, problems in identifying the pests or diseases and poor quality produce due to rains were the most severe constraints as perceived by the chilli growers. Education, experience in chilli cultivation, mass media exposure, extension contacts and social participation had positive and significant relationship with adoption index. Results of the regression analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between the entrepreneurial behaviour index and adoption index.
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    Aspirations of rural youth in plain and sub-mountainous area of Punjab: A comparative analysis
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Joshi, Divyata; Dhaliwal, R. K.
    The research was undertaken with the objectives to study awareness about agricultural development schemes, aspirations, attitude of rural youth towards agriculture and allied sectors as an occupation and to determine the perceived constraints in achieving aspirations and choosing agriculture as an occupation. The study was conducted in plain and sub-mountainous area of Punjab. From each zone four blocks were selected randomly. Further, two villages from each block and fifteen youth from each village were selected. A total of 240 respondents were selected. The data was collected through interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that among the socio-economic profile, youth from sub-mountainous area had higher educational level. However, the variables viz. occupation, occupation of head of the family, farming experience, size of land holding and annual income were found to be significantly higher among the rural youth of plain area. Communication characteristics were found to be higher among the youth of plain area. A significantly higher number of respondents from plain zone had willingness for migration. The finding revealed that more than half of the rural youth had medium level of awareness about the developmental schemes. For centrally sponsored scheme half of the respondents were found to have low level of awareness. Whereas for state sponsored schemes medium level of awareness was found among the 45 per cent of the respondents. The awareness among the rural youth of plain area was found significantly higher regarding these schemes. For youth development schemes, medium level of awareness was found among the respondents. The analysis of aspirations of rural youth revealed that more than half of the respondents had medium level of aspirations. Further, the occupational, entrepreneurial, economic and overall aspirations were significantly higher in rural youth of plain. It was found that rural youth had moderately unfavourable attitude towards agriculture as an occupation and a significantly higher number of respondents of plain area had positive attitude towards farming. The findings revealed that infrastructural and other constraints were the most perceived constraints among the rural youth and were significantly higher in sub-mountainous area. Psychological factors were found to be most perceived in the choosing agriculture as an occupation and significantly higher among the rural youth of sub-mountainous zone. Correlation analysis showed that family size, farming experience, land holding, annual income, extension agency contact and participation in extension activities had significant positive relationship with aspirations, attitude and awareness about agricultural development schemes.