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ThesisItem Open Access Study on performance appraisal of shawl units in Ludhiana(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sharma, Omika; Gandotra, VandanaThe present investigation was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was formulated to collect the required information from the powerloom shawl weaving units regarding the infrastructure of the units. Data were collected with the help of pre structured interview schedule from 60 randomly selected powerloom shawl weaving units. The results of the study revealed that majority of units had made fixed capital investment of `40 lakhs to 60 lakhs and working capital investment between `20 lakhs to 40 lakhs to establish the unit. Majority of units had installed capacity of 10 to 30 power looms and 60 percent possessed semi computerized looms to prepare shawls. Majority of units used acrylic fiber as raw material for preparing shawls and they purchased the yarn from local market. Most of units had employed total number of 40 to 80 workers. All the units produced plain shawls and majority of units had annual production of plain shawls between `60,000-90,000. Majority of units were selling their products in the local market. Twenty five percent units had minimum annual sale up to `50 lakhs. Majority of respondents faced the problems related to shortage of skilled labour (weighted mean score 2.83), high price of raw material (weighted mean score 3.68), low profit margins (weighted mean score 6.50), lack of proper infrastructure (weighted mean score 4.50), lack of power supply (weighted mean score 1.83) and maintenance of looms (weighted mean score 1.16)ThesisItem Restricted Online buying behaviour of college going students in Ludhiana city for apparel products(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Ishneet Kaur; Grewal, SumeetThe present investigation was undertaken to study the online buying behaviour of college going students in Ludhiana city for apparel products. The present study was conducted in three different colleges of Ludhiana city. A sample size of 180 respondents comprising of thirty boys and thirty girls from each college were purposively selected. A Questionnaire was used for collecting data regarding their socio economic profile, online shopping experience and satisfaction from online buying. The results of the investigation were interpreted using percentages, mean scores, Z-tests and chi-square. Based on the results of the collected data, the most preferred apparel product for online shopping was footwear by the male and female respondents. Significant difference was observed for male and female respondents regarding amount of money spend on single purchase and brand preference. Male respondents tend to spend more amount of money for online buying than female respondents. Majority of female respondents visit retail stores before final purchase. Majority of female respondents discuss with their friends and family after receiving the product as compared to male respondents. The most preferred online shopping site by male and female respondents is flipkart.com and the most preferred feature of online shopping site is privacy and security. Significant association was found between annual household income and annual online buying, brand preference. There was significant association between age of the respondents and mode of payment and main barriers which affect frequent buying. Majority of male had high level of satisfaction. The female respondents had both high and medium level of satisfaction from online shopping.ThesisItem Open Access Development of silk kurtis with tie and dye technique using natural dyes(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Arpana; Mahajan, SurabhiThe present investigation was undertaken to study the development of silk kurtis with tie and dye technique using natural dyes. Five natural dyes and two mordants were purposively selected. The study was conducted on the college going girls in three different colleges of Punjab Agricultural University. An interview schedule was used for collecting data from ninety respondents regarding their preferences for kurti styles, necklines, sleeves and length. The results were interpreted using simple percentages and average weighted mean scores. The results of the collected data revealed that most preferred kurti styles were Anarkali, A-line, Center cut, C-shaped hem, Straight and Paneled. Boat, crew and round shape were preferred necklines and majority of the respondents showed inclination for sleeveless kurtis which were below knees in length. Twenty five silk samples were produced with combinations of selected natural dyes and mordants using different tie and dye techniques according to optimum dyeing conditions referred from secondary sources. Out of these samples, fifteen were shortlisted by the Advisory Committee. These were taken in fill tool of Corel Draw to develop eighteen designs using the most preferred kurti style features. The developed designs were shown to a panel of ten judges who shortlisted six designs which were constructed on 34" dress form standard measurements. The constructed kurtis were evaluated by a sub sample of forty-five respondents on the basis of overall appearance on a five point scale and were ranked excellent or very good. Hundred percent respondents liked the idea of natural dyed kurtis using tie and dye and majority of them considered the estimated price of the kurtis adequate and were ready to buy them.ThesisItem Restricted Development of cotton kurtis using Madhubani motifs(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sharma, Anjali; Bains, SandeepThe present study entitled “Development of cotton kurtis using Madhubani motifs” was carried out in Ludhiana city. Both the cotton fabric and pigment dyes were purchased from the local market of Ludhiana district. An attempt was aimed towards developing new designs for cotton kurtis using Madhubani motifs with pigment dyes utilizing hand painting technique. The researcher documented fifty motifs, sources of natural dyes used by traditional Madhubani painters and also studied the symbolism of Madhubani motifs. Twenty motifs were shortlisted and categorized into animal and bird motif, floral motif, tree of life motif, human motif and sun motif five categories by a panel of ten judges. One motif was selected and adapted from each category of motif for the development of twenty designs using with different colour combinations and placement. The developed designs were shown to a panel of ten judges and were asked to choose one best design for the development of final cotton kurtis. Five cotton kurtis were developed using selected five designs and placements with pigment dyes of red, green, yellow, blue, black, orange and skin colours. The colour fastness grades were evaluated for pigment dyes to various agencies including: washing, light, rubbing and perspiration. Pigment dye black and red shows excellent (5) grades for wash fastness and perspiration. Good (4) rubbing fastness grades and very good (6) light fastness grades were obtained by red and black pigment dyes. An inventory was prepared to record the views of thirty consumers. In this part the consumers preferred the Kurti K1with fish motif the most on the basis of design placement, colour combination and overall appearance. In the case of Kurti K1 the cost price was Rs 1125/- with profit margin 33.3 percent. Majority of the respondents (78.8%) reported that the quoted price was adequate for prepared cotton kurtis. The painting of kurtis can be promoted as an enterprise, where a painter can earn 30-40% profit.ThesisItem Restricted Designing of upper garments for young women using draping technique(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sood, Neha; Saini, Harminder KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Designing of upper garments for young women using draping technique’ was carried out in Ludhiana city. A market survey was done on 20 apparel stores to study prevailing market trends in different upper garments. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting the data from 90 young women between the age group of 18-24 years, selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were from the second year of graduation, belongs to nuclear family having urban background and had monthly family income ranged between Rs.40,00180,000. Blouson, capes, classic tops, tunics and shrugs were the five most preferred upper garments. Plain cotton fabric without design in black colour for upper garments was most preferred during summer and winter season. Among constructional features, respondents preferred half dart, circular flounce, gathers with elastic, flared peplum, knife pleats, patch pocket, gathered ruffle, pin tucks and straight yoke, respectively. Buttons were most preferred accessory in upper garments. Four designs each, for the five most preferred upper garments were developed through draping technique. Preferences regarding the twenty developed designs of upper garments were taken. Thus, top two ranked designs of five most preferred upper garments were selected for construction. Acceptability of prepared upper garments was evaluated on the basis of drape, design, accessories/surface embellishments and overall appearance. Majority of the respondents found design A2 of tunics, design B3 of classic tops, design C3 of blouson, design D1 of capes and design E4 of shrugs to be very good in drape, design, accessories/surface embellishments and overall appearance.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Rechargeable Thermo Jackets(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Chohan, Tanvir Kaur; Mahajan, SurabhiThe present investigation was carried out for developing the rechargeable thermo jackets using heating gel packs. The principle and working of heating gel packs were reviewed from secondary sources. Ten gel pack manufacturing industries were surveyed for collecting information regarding fabricS used by them for manufacturing gel packs and it was found that PVC fabric and casement were most popularly used. Different combinations of selected fabrics were used to develop three cervical collars (as a technology miniature) and their heat retention was recorded. The collar made up of PVC fabric in outer layer and casement fabric in inner layer showed the maximum heat retention. Six experts including three orthopedicians and three physiotherapists were consulted for collecting information on upper quadrant pains commonly found amongst their patients. The collected data was used for creating two functional designs for thermo jackets. The better design of jacket according to experts was finally developed using suitable fabrics. Ten respondents (five male and five females) who were suffering from upper quadrant pains were selected purposively and an interview schedule was used to collect preliminary information about them. The respondents were given the jackets to use for five days after which impact of developed jacket was studied with the help of an evaluation performa. It was found that maximum of the respondents found jacket to be extremely comfortable. None of them faced any problem in heating and placing gel packs in jacket gloves and majority of them were relieved from their pain after using the jackets. The jacket was considered to be functionally as well as cost effective by majority of the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access KNITWEAR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT USING KASUTI EMBROIDERY MOTIFS(PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Karandeep Kaur; Devinder KaurThe investigation entitled ‘Knitwear product development using kasuti embroidery motifs’ was carried out in Ludhiana city. Traditional motifs of kasuti embroidery were selected and plates were developed through Corel Draw 13 and were shown to 10 panel of judges. After the selection of motifs, three colour combinations of each motif were developed and again shown to 20 judges to finalize the 10 colour combinations of the 10 selected motifs for the development of design. After that two different design placements were prepared of the 10 most preferred motifs and their colour combinations. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting data from 80 female respondents between the age group of 20 to 30 years selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were graduates, belonging to nuclear families. Seventy per cent of the respondents were aware of knitwear designs and 51.25 per cent aware of kasuti embroidery and 70 per cent respondents preferred to buy knitwear kurtis. Readymade kurtis were the most preferred kurtis with medium length and V-shape necklines. Multi coloured combination was the most preferred colour combination followed by two colour and three colour combinations. Skin, pista green, red and cream were the most preferred colours. After this second interview schedule was prepared to study the preferences for the developed knitwear kurtis. For this purpose four localities of Ludhiana city were selected. All the kurtis were highly appreciated on the basis of colour combinations and overall impact where as kurti D10 was the most preferred kurti. Majority of the respondents rated all the kurtis as very good. The quoted price of the kurtis was found to be adequate and 30.72 to 50 percent profit can be earned by making knitwear kurtis.ThesisItem Restricted DEVELOPING DESIGNS OF LOWER GARMENTS FOR COLLEGE GOING GIRLS THROUGH DRAPING TECHNIQUE(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Ravneet KaurThe investigation entitled „Developing designs of lower garments for college going girls through draping technique‟ was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collecting data from 90 college going girls between the age group of 18 to 22 years selected randomly from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were in their second year of graduation, belonging to nuclear families, urban background and had family income ranged between `40,000- 80,000. Trousers, salwars, capris and skirts were the four most preferred lower garments. Cotton and lycra fibres/fabrics, plain fabric without design, white and black colours and single coloured lower garments were most preferred in summer and winter seasons respectively. Among constructional features respondents preferred U- shape yoke, pin and cross tucks, plain gathers, knife and box pleats and patch pockets. Buttons were most preferred embellishments in lower garments. Four designs each for the four most preferred lower garments were developed through draping technique. Preferences regarding the sixteen developed designs for lower garments were taken. Thus top two ranked designs of four most preferred lower garments were selected for construction. Acceptability of prepared lower garments was evaluated on the basis of fit, comfort, drape, design, embellishments and overall impact. Majority of the respondents found design A2 of the trousers, design B2 of Patiala salwar, design C2 of capris and design D3 of skirts to be more fitted, comfortable and very good in drape, design embellishments and overall impact. Keywords: Draping technique, lower garments, embellishments, respondents, design, most preferred.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Eco-Fashion Accessories from Leftover /Waste of Zari /Brocade Fabrics(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2014) Baljit Kaur; Devinder KaurThe investigation entitled “Development of eco-fashion accessories from leftover/ waste of zari/brocade fabrics” was carried out in Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collection data from 90 respondents between the age group of 19-25 years selected through purposive random sampling technique from three colleges of Ludhiana city. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were 19-22 years of age group and were pursuing their graduation, belonging to nuclear families and had monthly family income ranged between `10,000-50,000. Eighty seven per cent of the respondents were aware of eco-fashion accessories and 61.11 per cent were interested to reuse the discarded garments whereas 65.55 per cent of the respondents preferred to buy accessories. Readymade accessories were the most preferred accessories with three coloured combination followed by multi and two coloured combinations. Most of the fabric waste was collected from bounties. On the basis of the preferences of respondents, four sketches of each accessory were developed through Corel Draw X4 and were shown to 10 panel of judges. After the selection of sketches the most preferred designs were developed. After this second interview schedule was prepared to study the preferences for the developed eco-fashion accessories. For this purpose subsample of thirty respondents were randomly selected. All the accessories were highly appreciated on the basis of suitability of design, utility and overall impact. Majority of the respondents rated all the accessories as very good. The quoted prices of the accessories were found to be adequate and 12.50 to 25.55 per cent profit can be earned by making eco-fashion accessories.
