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20172
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Subject: Chemistry × Author: Jaskiran Kaur × End date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Chromium adsorption studies on synthesized magnetite activated carbon nanocomposites
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Jaskiran Kaur; Manpreet Kaur
    Adsorptive properties of synthesized magnetite activated carbon nanocomposites are investigated for the facile removal of Cr (VI) ions from water. Fe3O4 NPs and its nanocomposites with activated carbon were characterized by X-ray diffractiion pattern (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) surface area analysis as analytical tools. TEM images revealed the agglomerated spherical morphology of Fe3O4NPs and nanocomposites. A comparative analysis of the Fe3O4 NPs, nanocomposites and activated carbon for the removal of Cr (VI) ions from water was carried out by batch method and Cr (VI) content was estimated spectrophotometrically. The effect of operating parameters including adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration of Cr (VI) were studied. Optimum pH for adsorption was 2. Values of ∆Go, ∆H˚ and ∆S˚ were found to be negative for all adsorbents, indicating exothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption process The trend for the Cr (VI) ions percentage removal in the ascending order was Fe3O4 NPs
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Chemistry and biological activity of lignin from pea (Pisum sativum L.) peel
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Jaskiran Kaur; Uppal, S.K.
    Pea peel, an abundant agricultural waste was evaluated to determine its chemical composition by detergent system method and was found to contain 18.60% hemicellulose, 26.00% cellulose and 5.33% lignin. Pea peel also contained considerable amount of minerals as detected by ICAP-AES. Different extracts of pea peel were prepared by four extraction methods (maceration, orbital shaking, ultrasonic assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction method) by different solvents (petroleum ether, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol). Soxhlet extraction method was found to be the best method giving maximum total phenolic content of 11.14 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dry weight in methanol extract. Lignin was isolated from pea peel by acid and alkali treatment (5, 7.5 and 10% NaOH) and best yield was given by 10% NaOH treatment with 82.5% recovery of lignin. Treated and untreated pea peel samples were analyzed by SEM to study external morphology and treated samples were again analyzed to determine their chemical composition. Isolated Lignin and its chemically modified forms i.e. glyoxalated, esterified, aminated and sulfonated lignins were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral techniques and elemental analysis. Pea peel extracts, isolated lignin and modified lignins were evaluated for their antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity by disc plate method against Burkholderia sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and antifungal activity by poisoned food technique against Fusarium oxysporum using 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), tetracycline and bavistin as standards, respectively. Methanol extract was found to exhibit highest antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities whereas lignin and its modified forms showed different potential in all activities.