Chemistry and biological activity of lignin from pea (Pisum sativum L.) peel
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Date
2017
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Pea peel, an abundant agricultural waste was evaluated to determine its chemical composition
by detergent system method and was found to contain 18.60% hemicellulose, 26.00%
cellulose and 5.33% lignin. Pea peel also contained considerable amount of minerals as
detected by ICAP-AES. Different extracts of pea peel were prepared by four extraction
methods (maceration, orbital shaking, ultrasonic assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction
method) by different solvents (petroleum ether, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, ethyl acetate
and methanol). Soxhlet extraction method was found to be the best method giving maximum
total phenolic content of 11.14 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dry weight in methanol extract.
Lignin was isolated from pea peel by acid and alkali treatment (5, 7.5 and 10% NaOH) and
best yield was given by 10% NaOH treatment with 82.5% recovery of lignin. Treated and
untreated pea peel samples were analyzed by SEM to study external morphology and treated
samples were again analyzed to determine their chemical composition. Isolated Lignin and its
chemically modified forms i.e. glyoxalated, esterified, aminated and sulfonated lignins were
characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral techniques and elemental analysis. Pea
peel extracts, isolated lignin and modified lignins were evaluated for their antioxidant
activity, antibacterial activity by disc plate method against Burkholderia sp., Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and antifungal activity by poisoned food technique against
Fusarium oxysporum using 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), tetracycline and
bavistin as standards, respectively. Methanol extract was found to exhibit highest antioxidant,
antibacterial and antifungal activities whereas lignin and its modified forms showed different
potential in all activities.
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