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ThesisItem Open Access Chemistry of sesquiterpenoids from essential oil of Cyperus scariosus and their antioxidant and antifungal potential(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amit Kumar; Chahal, K.K.The present investigation deals with Chemistry of sesquiterpenoids from essential oil of Cyperus scariosus and their antioxidant and antifungal potential. The roots of C. scariosus were grounded and subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus to extract the essential oil. The essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 30 compounds, accounting for 93.30 % of the total essential oil, were identified. Longiverbenone, nootkatone, caryophyllene oxide and cyperene were found to be the major compounds present. The C. scariosus roots were also extracted by Soxhlet extractor using three different solvent i.e. hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. Total of 55, 67 and 25 compounds were present in hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts respectively. Cyperene, isolated from essential oil was chemically derivatized into cyperotundone, cyperene alcohol, cyperenol, cyperenal and cyperene epoxide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. C. scariosus essential oil, various extracts, isolated and derivatized compounds were tested for antifungal and antioxidant activities at different concentrations viz.0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL respectively. All the extracts and essential oil showed significant antifungal activity. Essential oil was most active as compared to other tested components against all plant pathogens. The antioxidant activity of C. scariosus essential oil, various extracts, isolated and derivatized compounds was carried out in vitro using involving 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging potential, inhibition of nitric oxide radical generation and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Methanol extract of C. scariosus showed highest antioxidant activity in all the methods tested as compared to essential oil, hexane and dichloromethane extracts. Cyperenol showed highest antioxidant activity as compared to isolated and derivatized compounds.