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Subject: Biochemistry × End date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 26
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Manipulation of deamination reactions in the rumen Microorganisms
    (Department of Biochemistry College of Basic Sciecnes & Humanities, PAU-Ludhiana, 1995) Singh, Kawal Preet; Singh, Sudarshan
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assembly and secretion of casein micelles in lactating bovines
    (Department of Biochemistry College of Basic Sciecnes & Humanities, PAU-Ludhiana, 1990) Sodhi, Sandeep; Ahuja, S. P
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Metabolism of dietary lipids in Chicken
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 1972) Singh, Jasbir; Singh, Jagmohan
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    The effect of the amount and type of vegetable fats in the diet of lactating buffaloes (bes bubalis) on the yield and composition of milk fat
    (College of Basic Sciences and Humanties PAU, Hissar, 1970) Ahuja, Sat Pal; Bhatia, I. S
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical basis of micronutrient deficiency tolerance in triticale x wheat derivative lines
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Ravneet Kaur; Bhatia, Surekha
    The present study was aimed to investigate the biochemical basis and molecular marker profile of genes associated with micronutrient uptake in parental lines viz rye, triticale (TL 2908, TL 2942), bread wheat lines (PBW 343, PBW550, HD 2967, HD 3086) and durum wheat lines (PDW 233, PDW 291, WHD 943). Five days old seedlings of these parental lines were transferred to three set of treatments (T1-control, T2- micronutrient deficient (stress), T3-with micronutrient supply (alkaline stress pH-9) for 30 days. Rye and triticale lines have longer, hairy and thick roots with high number as compared to bread wheat and durum wheat lines. Roots and shoots of rye and triticale lines accumulated higher fresh/dry weight than bread wheat and durum wheat lines irrespective of treatments. Both stressed conditions caused reduction in roots/shoots fresh weight and dry weight of all parental lines however, rye and triticale lines accumulated greater biomass under alkaline stress conditions on 21 DAT. Rye and triticale lines had higher phytosiderophore content (118 to 498 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) than bread wheat (19 to 112 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) and durum wheat (6 to 68 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) under different treatments during whole period of experiment. In rye and triticale, it was increased from 7 DAT to 21 DAT and decreased afterward on 30 DAT. However, in bread wheat and durum wheat lines, this increase was found only up to 14 DAT. Increase or decrease in release of PSs from roots of parental lines was positively correlated with the higher micronutrient content in roots (r=>0.9) and shoots (r=>0.8) of these lines. Highest micronutrient efficiency was found in rye (73.62-86.08%) followed by triticale lines (70.61-81.06%), bread wheat lines (36.82-66.14%) and durum wheat lines (29.42-62.38%). Further higher activities of SOD, CAT and CA enzymes in rye and triticale lines than bread wheat and durum wheat lines were found which was probably linked with higher micronutrient efficiency corresponding to efficient utilization of micronutrients in rye and triticale lines. Rye and triticale also exhibited higher activities of NAAT and MAS enzymes. Parental lines and triticale X wheat derivative lines were tested for presence of 5R chromosomes using seven 5R chromosome specific markers. Only three markers (SCM 138, KU 140, KU 640) showed expected polymorphism in parental lines were further used to evaluate triticale X wheat derivative lines. Fifteen rye specific primers of Ids3 gene were designed after in-silico sequence analysis. Five primers showed polymorphism in parental lines as well as triticale X wheat derivative lines. Higher release of PSs was estimated from the roots of triticale X wheat derivative lines which were positive for Ids3 and 5R chromosome specific markers. Fourteen triticale X wheat derivative lines with higher PSs under micronutrient deficient conditions, were selected for their further utilization in wheat breeding program for improvement and development of efficient varieties with higher nutritional value.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Evaluation of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) genotypes for nutritional and antinutritional components
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Parminder Kumar; Sangha, Manjeet Kaur
    The present study evaluated green pods and mature seeds of 166 okra genotypes for phenotypic trait, nutritional and antinutritional component variation. Phenotypic variation was observed for 32 qualitative and quatitative traits. Pearson product correlation correlated fruits/plant positively and significantly with number of internodes and plant height. Fruit total carbohydrates varied from 39.11-82.1% (DW basis). Total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars, starch, sucrose and mucilage ranged from 3.39-20.98%, 0.67-1.86%, 30.26-65.6%, 11.34-16.9% and 3.01-8.14% respectively in pods. Total carbohydrates, TSS and reducing sugars in seeds varied from 15.79- 38.99%, 3.67-9.78% and 1.39-4.35% respectively. Crude protein, TSP and free amino acids in pods varied from 13.3%- 33.8%, 8.17- 21.0% and 0.62- 5.07% respectively. In seeds they ranged from 14.49- 37.83%, 6.61- 25.41%, and 0.44- 1.39% respectively. Lysine, methionine and tryptophan varied from 0.54- 1.29%, 0.06- 1.44 (mg/g) and 0.62- 2.23% respectively. Crude fiber, ADF and NDF in pods ranged from 5.21-8.98%, 8.29-14.92 and 12.73-24.35%. The seed oil content varied from 2.33-18.01%. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 registered variations of 24.52- 45.64%, 0.01- 6.81%, 21.62- 39.63% and 23.95- 48.78% respectively. In pods total phenols, odihydroxy phenols and flavonols ranged from 385.71-939.421mg/100g, 20.09-79.451mg/100g and 11.43-98.1mg/100g DW. Whereas phenols and flavonols in seeds ranged from 3.18-7.32 mg/100g and 12.17-39.35 mg/100g. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in fruits varied from 1.38- 11.15, 0.42-5.57 and 0.24-1.86mg/g respectively. Vitamin C and E ranged from 18.7-33.90.59 mg/g and 0.16-0.59 mg/g respectively. FRAP (2.28 mg/g AAE) and DPPH (89.89% inhibition) activity was maximum in Punjab Padmini and IC0506229 respectively. The carotenoids and tocopherols in seeds varied from 0.36-1.43mg/100g and 298.8-985.3ppm respectively. Phytate, saponins, tannins and oxalate in pods ranged from 1.7- 2.94%, 0.41- 1.32%, 10.36- 99.76% and 0.41- 0.95% respectively. In seeds the range was 0.21-0.75%, 1.72-3.44%, 11.67-38.47% and 0.27-1.62% respectively. Principal components analysis showed total variation of 77.17% and 82.49% in pods and mature seeds respectively.Genotypes (IC0043741, IC0506056, IC0506096, IC0510679, POL-311, POL-325) with high total protein content were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Globulins constituted maximum portion (30.53%) of seed protein followed by albumins (17.87%), glutelins (7.86%) and prolamines (4.43%). SDS pattern of the glutelins showed maximum variability. Fifteen elite genotypes (with high levels of quality parameters and low levels of antinutritionals) were selected out which can be exploited for okra improvement programmes and industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Exploring potential of plant ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) in combating leaf curl and fungal foliar diseases of cotton
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Brar, Gundeep Kaur; Sangha, Manjeet Kaur
    Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosydases, which catalyse the depurination of conserved single adenine (A4034) in yeast ribosomal RNA, leading to cell death. They are endowed with antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses in plants and animals. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) affects cotton production in northern India. In the present study, RIPs were purified by ion exchange chromatography (SP and CM sepharose) from the seeds of seven crops viz. Momordica charantia, Momordica balsmina, Spinacia oleracea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cucurbita moschata, Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare. RIPs purified from M. balsmina and M. charantia showed maximum per cent recovery of 12.8 and 11.06 respectively. They also depicted maximum RIP activity on yeast ribosomal RNA by qualitative depurination assay. Depurination assay was carried out on ribosomes isolated from yeast. Both purified RIPs gave a single homogenous band on PAGE and SDS-PAGE of 28kDa. They registered a pI value of 10 on isoelectric focusing, showing them to be highly basic. Secondary structure determination of balsmina and charantia RIPs by CD spectroscopy revealed the presence of both alpha helices (23.5% and 32.8%) and beta sheets (24.6% and 43.6%). The RIPs also exhibited superoxide dismutase and chitinase activity. The purified balsmin RIP @0.250 mg/ml and charantia RIP @0.250 mg/ml and @0.500 mg/ml were sprayed on two cotton cultivars LH2076 and F1378, before and after whitefly infestation. Disease incidence was recorded after 28 and 40 days of RIP treatment. The disease incidence was found to be lower (20%-60%) in plants sprayed with RIPs as compared to their respective controls (100%). The latency or absence of virus was verified by PCR analysis using coat protein and beta DNA primers. The results correlated with disease incidence data. Charantia and balsmina RIPs also exhibited antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Myrothecium roridum. Inhibition of fungal growth by balsmin RIP @0.250 mg/ml on both fungi varied from 60.09% and 55.10% respectively, where as with charantia RIP 78.8% and 56.2% inhibition respectively was observed. Charantia RIP at 0.500 mg/ml inhibited the mycelial growth to 87.41% and 75.39% respectively. The spore germination inhibition studies revealed an EC50 value of 0.2 mg/ml for both the RIPs. Catalase, peroxidase, total sugars, reducing sugars, proteins, proline and total antioxidant activity increased in RIPs treated plants, highest increase was recorded in plants treated with charantia @0.500 mg/ml, thus depicting the role of RIPs in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the study depicts the antiviral and antifungal activity of RIPs purified from Momordica charantia and Momordica balsmina along with their role in SAR.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Re-established desiccation tolerance as a mechanism of stress tolerance in wheat
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Satinder Kour; Zhawar, Vikramjit Kaur
    Re-established desiccation tolerance (Re-DT) is a mechanism of extreme level of tolerance for almost complete water loss. It was found higher in wheat cultivar PBW 644 (drought tolerant) than PBW 343 (drought susceptible). Higher level of Re-DT in PBW 644 was related to higher reduction of water level so to arrest metabolic activity to avoid increases of ROS and oxidative toxicity, induction of special antioxidants like aldehyde dehydrogenase for detoxification and effective recycling of ascorbate under desiccation. This type of response in PBW 644 helped this plant to revive with higher survival upon rehydration. Contrary to it, PBW 343 showed higher water content, metabolic activity, ROS and oxidative toxicity under desiccation, though it induced antioxidant enzymes but failed to induce effective detoxification system (aldehyde dehydrogenase) and ascorbate recycling, therefore produced poor survival upon rehydration. Re-DT was ABA-regulated mechanism of cross tolerance. It involved ABA/ROS/NO-pathways for induction of antioxidant activity under desiccation and subsequent rehydration. It was improved by ABA and stress factors like water deficit stress, salt stress and heat stress. Ten wheat cultivars were screened for Re-DT and other related features. Four cultivars (HD 3086, PBW 725, PBW 658, PBW 677) showed a clear difference from six cultivars (gladius, kirchauff, HD 2967, BWL 5200, BWL 5202, PBW 723) for having higher level of Re-DT. Seeds of these four cultivars also showed higher dormancy, ABA sensitivity, less level of ROS/nitric oxides in embryos at 0 and 90 days of after-ripening. Laboratory testing of abiotic (osmotic, salt and heat) stress tolerance at seedlings stage found higher increase of root length and root to shoot length ratios by these four cultivars compared to other six. Therefore, this study indicated the presence of relatively higher level of vegetative stress tolerance in HD 3086, PBW 725, PBW 658, PBW 677compared to other six cultivars.