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2018 - 20192
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Subject: Biochemistry × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical basis of micronutrient deficiency tolerance in triticale x wheat derivative lines
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Ravneet Kaur; Bhatia, Surekha
    The present study was aimed to investigate the biochemical basis and molecular marker profile of genes associated with micronutrient uptake in parental lines viz rye, triticale (TL 2908, TL 2942), bread wheat lines (PBW 343, PBW550, HD 2967, HD 3086) and durum wheat lines (PDW 233, PDW 291, WHD 943). Five days old seedlings of these parental lines were transferred to three set of treatments (T1-control, T2- micronutrient deficient (stress), T3-with micronutrient supply (alkaline stress pH-9) for 30 days. Rye and triticale lines have longer, hairy and thick roots with high number as compared to bread wheat and durum wheat lines. Roots and shoots of rye and triticale lines accumulated higher fresh/dry weight than bread wheat and durum wheat lines irrespective of treatments. Both stressed conditions caused reduction in roots/shoots fresh weight and dry weight of all parental lines however, rye and triticale lines accumulated greater biomass under alkaline stress conditions on 21 DAT. Rye and triticale lines had higher phytosiderophore content (118 to 498 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) than bread wheat (19 to 112 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) and durum wheat (6 to 68 µmole of Cu equivalents/gFW) under different treatments during whole period of experiment. In rye and triticale, it was increased from 7 DAT to 21 DAT and decreased afterward on 30 DAT. However, in bread wheat and durum wheat lines, this increase was found only up to 14 DAT. Increase or decrease in release of PSs from roots of parental lines was positively correlated with the higher micronutrient content in roots (r=>0.9) and shoots (r=>0.8) of these lines. Highest micronutrient efficiency was found in rye (73.62-86.08%) followed by triticale lines (70.61-81.06%), bread wheat lines (36.82-66.14%) and durum wheat lines (29.42-62.38%). Further higher activities of SOD, CAT and CA enzymes in rye and triticale lines than bread wheat and durum wheat lines were found which was probably linked with higher micronutrient efficiency corresponding to efficient utilization of micronutrients in rye and triticale lines. Rye and triticale also exhibited higher activities of NAAT and MAS enzymes. Parental lines and triticale X wheat derivative lines were tested for presence of 5R chromosomes using seven 5R chromosome specific markers. Only three markers (SCM 138, KU 140, KU 640) showed expected polymorphism in parental lines were further used to evaluate triticale X wheat derivative lines. Fifteen rye specific primers of Ids3 gene were designed after in-silico sequence analysis. Five primers showed polymorphism in parental lines as well as triticale X wheat derivative lines. Higher release of PSs was estimated from the roots of triticale X wheat derivative lines which were positive for Ids3 and 5R chromosome specific markers. Fourteen triticale X wheat derivative lines with higher PSs under micronutrient deficient conditions, were selected for their further utilization in wheat breeding program for improvement and development of efficient varieties with higher nutritional value.
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    Evaluation of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) genotypes for nutritional and antinutritional components
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Parminder Kumar; Sangha, Manjeet Kaur
    The present study evaluated green pods and mature seeds of 166 okra genotypes for phenotypic trait, nutritional and antinutritional component variation. Phenotypic variation was observed for 32 qualitative and quatitative traits. Pearson product correlation correlated fruits/plant positively and significantly with number of internodes and plant height. Fruit total carbohydrates varied from 39.11-82.1% (DW basis). Total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars, starch, sucrose and mucilage ranged from 3.39-20.98%, 0.67-1.86%, 30.26-65.6%, 11.34-16.9% and 3.01-8.14% respectively in pods. Total carbohydrates, TSS and reducing sugars in seeds varied from 15.79- 38.99%, 3.67-9.78% and 1.39-4.35% respectively. Crude protein, TSP and free amino acids in pods varied from 13.3%- 33.8%, 8.17- 21.0% and 0.62- 5.07% respectively. In seeds they ranged from 14.49- 37.83%, 6.61- 25.41%, and 0.44- 1.39% respectively. Lysine, methionine and tryptophan varied from 0.54- 1.29%, 0.06- 1.44 (mg/g) and 0.62- 2.23% respectively. Crude fiber, ADF and NDF in pods ranged from 5.21-8.98%, 8.29-14.92 and 12.73-24.35%. The seed oil content varied from 2.33-18.01%. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 registered variations of 24.52- 45.64%, 0.01- 6.81%, 21.62- 39.63% and 23.95- 48.78% respectively. In pods total phenols, odihydroxy phenols and flavonols ranged from 385.71-939.421mg/100g, 20.09-79.451mg/100g and 11.43-98.1mg/100g DW. Whereas phenols and flavonols in seeds ranged from 3.18-7.32 mg/100g and 12.17-39.35 mg/100g. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in fruits varied from 1.38- 11.15, 0.42-5.57 and 0.24-1.86mg/g respectively. Vitamin C and E ranged from 18.7-33.90.59 mg/g and 0.16-0.59 mg/g respectively. FRAP (2.28 mg/g AAE) and DPPH (89.89% inhibition) activity was maximum in Punjab Padmini and IC0506229 respectively. The carotenoids and tocopherols in seeds varied from 0.36-1.43mg/100g and 298.8-985.3ppm respectively. Phytate, saponins, tannins and oxalate in pods ranged from 1.7- 2.94%, 0.41- 1.32%, 10.36- 99.76% and 0.41- 0.95% respectively. In seeds the range was 0.21-0.75%, 1.72-3.44%, 11.67-38.47% and 0.27-1.62% respectively. Principal components analysis showed total variation of 77.17% and 82.49% in pods and mature seeds respectively.Genotypes (IC0043741, IC0506056, IC0506096, IC0510679, POL-311, POL-325) with high total protein content were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Globulins constituted maximum portion (30.53%) of seed protein followed by albumins (17.87%), glutelins (7.86%) and prolamines (4.43%). SDS pattern of the glutelins showed maximum variability. Fifteen elite genotypes (with high levels of quality parameters and low levels of antinutritionals) were selected out which can be exploited for okra improvement programmes and industrial and pharmaceutical applications.