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Subject: Biochemistry × End date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 25
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Manipulation of deamination reactions in the rumen Microorganisms
    (Department of Biochemistry College of Basic Sciecnes & Humanities, PAU-Ludhiana, 1995) Singh, Kawal Preet; Singh, Sudarshan
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assembly and secretion of casein micelles in lactating bovines
    (Department of Biochemistry College of Basic Sciecnes & Humanities, PAU-Ludhiana, 1990) Sodhi, Sandeep; Ahuja, S. P
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Metabolism of dietary lipids in Chicken
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 1972) Singh, Jasbir; Singh, Jagmohan
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    ThesisItemUnknown
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    The effect of the amount and type of vegetable fats in the diet of lactating buffaloes (bes bubalis) on the yield and composition of milk fat
    (College of Basic Sciences and Humanties PAU, Hissar, 1970) Ahuja, Sat Pal; Bhatia, I. S
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Evaluation of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) genotypes for nutritional and antinutritional components
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Parminder Kumar; Sangha, Manjeet Kaur
    The present study evaluated green pods and mature seeds of 166 okra genotypes for phenotypic trait, nutritional and antinutritional component variation. Phenotypic variation was observed for 32 qualitative and quatitative traits. Pearson product correlation correlated fruits/plant positively and significantly with number of internodes and plant height. Fruit total carbohydrates varied from 39.11-82.1% (DW basis). Total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars, starch, sucrose and mucilage ranged from 3.39-20.98%, 0.67-1.86%, 30.26-65.6%, 11.34-16.9% and 3.01-8.14% respectively in pods. Total carbohydrates, TSS and reducing sugars in seeds varied from 15.79- 38.99%, 3.67-9.78% and 1.39-4.35% respectively. Crude protein, TSP and free amino acids in pods varied from 13.3%- 33.8%, 8.17- 21.0% and 0.62- 5.07% respectively. In seeds they ranged from 14.49- 37.83%, 6.61- 25.41%, and 0.44- 1.39% respectively. Lysine, methionine and tryptophan varied from 0.54- 1.29%, 0.06- 1.44 (mg/g) and 0.62- 2.23% respectively. Crude fiber, ADF and NDF in pods ranged from 5.21-8.98%, 8.29-14.92 and 12.73-24.35%. The seed oil content varied from 2.33-18.01%. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 registered variations of 24.52- 45.64%, 0.01- 6.81%, 21.62- 39.63% and 23.95- 48.78% respectively. In pods total phenols, odihydroxy phenols and flavonols ranged from 385.71-939.421mg/100g, 20.09-79.451mg/100g and 11.43-98.1mg/100g DW. Whereas phenols and flavonols in seeds ranged from 3.18-7.32 mg/100g and 12.17-39.35 mg/100g. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in fruits varied from 1.38- 11.15, 0.42-5.57 and 0.24-1.86mg/g respectively. Vitamin C and E ranged from 18.7-33.90.59 mg/g and 0.16-0.59 mg/g respectively. FRAP (2.28 mg/g AAE) and DPPH (89.89% inhibition) activity was maximum in Punjab Padmini and IC0506229 respectively. The carotenoids and tocopherols in seeds varied from 0.36-1.43mg/100g and 298.8-985.3ppm respectively. Phytate, saponins, tannins and oxalate in pods ranged from 1.7- 2.94%, 0.41- 1.32%, 10.36- 99.76% and 0.41- 0.95% respectively. In seeds the range was 0.21-0.75%, 1.72-3.44%, 11.67-38.47% and 0.27-1.62% respectively. Principal components analysis showed total variation of 77.17% and 82.49% in pods and mature seeds respectively.Genotypes (IC0043741, IC0506056, IC0506096, IC0510679, POL-311, POL-325) with high total protein content were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Globulins constituted maximum portion (30.53%) of seed protein followed by albumins (17.87%), glutelins (7.86%) and prolamines (4.43%). SDS pattern of the glutelins showed maximum variability. Fifteen elite genotypes (with high levels of quality parameters and low levels of antinutritionals) were selected out which can be exploited for okra improvement programmes and industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Exploring potential of plant ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) in combating leaf curl and fungal foliar diseases of cotton
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Brar, Gundeep Kaur; Sangha, Manjeet Kaur
    Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosydases, which catalyse the depurination of conserved single adenine (A4034) in yeast ribosomal RNA, leading to cell death. They are endowed with antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses in plants and animals. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) affects cotton production in northern India. In the present study, RIPs were purified by ion exchange chromatography (SP and CM sepharose) from the seeds of seven crops viz. Momordica charantia, Momordica balsmina, Spinacia oleracea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cucurbita moschata, Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare. RIPs purified from M. balsmina and M. charantia showed maximum per cent recovery of 12.8 and 11.06 respectively. They also depicted maximum RIP activity on yeast ribosomal RNA by qualitative depurination assay. Depurination assay was carried out on ribosomes isolated from yeast. Both purified RIPs gave a single homogenous band on PAGE and SDS-PAGE of 28kDa. They registered a pI value of 10 on isoelectric focusing, showing them to be highly basic. Secondary structure determination of balsmina and charantia RIPs by CD spectroscopy revealed the presence of both alpha helices (23.5% and 32.8%) and beta sheets (24.6% and 43.6%). The RIPs also exhibited superoxide dismutase and chitinase activity. The purified balsmin RIP @0.250 mg/ml and charantia RIP @0.250 mg/ml and @0.500 mg/ml were sprayed on two cotton cultivars LH2076 and F1378, before and after whitefly infestation. Disease incidence was recorded after 28 and 40 days of RIP treatment. The disease incidence was found to be lower (20%-60%) in plants sprayed with RIPs as compared to their respective controls (100%). The latency or absence of virus was verified by PCR analysis using coat protein and beta DNA primers. The results correlated with disease incidence data. Charantia and balsmina RIPs also exhibited antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Myrothecium roridum. Inhibition of fungal growth by balsmin RIP @0.250 mg/ml on both fungi varied from 60.09% and 55.10% respectively, where as with charantia RIP 78.8% and 56.2% inhibition respectively was observed. Charantia RIP at 0.500 mg/ml inhibited the mycelial growth to 87.41% and 75.39% respectively. The spore germination inhibition studies revealed an EC50 value of 0.2 mg/ml for both the RIPs. Catalase, peroxidase, total sugars, reducing sugars, proteins, proline and total antioxidant activity increased in RIPs treated plants, highest increase was recorded in plants treated with charantia @0.500 mg/ml, thus depicting the role of RIPs in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the study depicts the antiviral and antifungal activity of RIPs purified from Momordica charantia and Momordica balsmina along with their role in SAR.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Re-established desiccation tolerance as a mechanism of stress tolerance in wheat
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Satinder Kour; Zhawar, Vikramjit Kaur
    Re-established desiccation tolerance (Re-DT) is a mechanism of extreme level of tolerance for almost complete water loss. It was found higher in wheat cultivar PBW 644 (drought tolerant) than PBW 343 (drought susceptible). Higher level of Re-DT in PBW 644 was related to higher reduction of water level so to arrest metabolic activity to avoid increases of ROS and oxidative toxicity, induction of special antioxidants like aldehyde dehydrogenase for detoxification and effective recycling of ascorbate under desiccation. This type of response in PBW 644 helped this plant to revive with higher survival upon rehydration. Contrary to it, PBW 343 showed higher water content, metabolic activity, ROS and oxidative toxicity under desiccation, though it induced antioxidant enzymes but failed to induce effective detoxification system (aldehyde dehydrogenase) and ascorbate recycling, therefore produced poor survival upon rehydration. Re-DT was ABA-regulated mechanism of cross tolerance. It involved ABA/ROS/NO-pathways for induction of antioxidant activity under desiccation and subsequent rehydration. It was improved by ABA and stress factors like water deficit stress, salt stress and heat stress. Ten wheat cultivars were screened for Re-DT and other related features. Four cultivars (HD 3086, PBW 725, PBW 658, PBW 677) showed a clear difference from six cultivars (gladius, kirchauff, HD 2967, BWL 5200, BWL 5202, PBW 723) for having higher level of Re-DT. Seeds of these four cultivars also showed higher dormancy, ABA sensitivity, less level of ROS/nitric oxides in embryos at 0 and 90 days of after-ripening. Laboratory testing of abiotic (osmotic, salt and heat) stress tolerance at seedlings stage found higher increase of root length and root to shoot length ratios by these four cultivars compared to other six. Therefore, this study indicated the presence of relatively higher level of vegetative stress tolerance in HD 3086, PBW 725, PBW 658, PBW 677compared to other six cultivars.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES WITH RESPECT TO NITROGEN USE EFFICIECNY
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2012) Gurpreet Kaur; Bavita, Asthir
    Increased use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has raised concerns because N surplus causes environmental contamination and also high cost associated with its production. Thus, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) through identification of efficient genotypes is becoming a necessity. In this two years study (2009-10 and 2010-11), 18 wheat genotypes (PBW 621, PBW 636, PBW 590, DBW 17, HD 2967, PBW 509, BW 9178, BW 9183, BW 8989, BW 9022, PBW 343, PBW 550, GLU 1101, GLU 1356, GLU 2001, GLU 700, PH132-4836, PH132-4840) selected on the basis of their commercial relevance or distinct genetic background were used for studying N metabolism at four N doses including the presently recommended N dose (RDN) (120 Kg N/ha), suboptimal N doses [RDN-50% (60 Kg N/ha) and RDN-25% (90 Kg N/ha)] and supraoptimal N dose [RDN+25% (150 Kg N/ha)]. Enzymes involved in N assimilation [nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)] in relation to deposition of amino acids and proteins were studied at tillering (30 days after sowing; DAS), anthesis (about 90-100 DAS) and post-anthesis (15 days post anthesis) stages. PBW 621 showed higher activities of NR, NIR and GS at RDN-25%. At RDN-50%, PBW 636 and GLU 1356 showed highest GS activity. HD 2967 and PBW 590 revealed maximum activities of these enzymes at RDN and RDN+25%. Widely grown cultivar PBW 343 and advanced breeding lines BW 9178, BW 9183, BW 8989 and BW 9022 showed low efficiency for N assimilating enzymes. GLU 1356 showed high grain protein content indicating higher translocation of assimilates from flag leaf to sink. Sugar and starch content was higher in the PBW 343, BW 9178, BW 8989 and BW 9022 genotypes in which amino acid and protein content was less. PBW 621 showed higher NUE and yield compared to other genotypes. NR and GS enzymes were positively correlated with NUE and yield indicating that these might be the rate limiting steps in N metabolism. Biochemical similarity between PBW 621, PBW 636 and GLU 1356 was authenticated from cluster analysis. Tiller culture technique did not reveal much difference with respect to PBW 621 and PBW 343 in N metabolism. However, hydroponically raised seedlings showed complementary results with field studies in identifying genotypes with maximum NUE. Due to stable performance of PBW 621, PBW 636 and GLU 356 at suboptimal doses over two years, these genotypes hold future potential for developing new cultivars with improved NUE.