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20192
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Detection of Yersinia spp. in ready-to-eat foods of animal origin.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019) Koundal, Shubham; Panda, A.K.
    The present study was designed with the aim to determine the incidence of Yersinia spp. in ready-to-eat foods of animal origin. A total of 220 samples; RTE milk products (n=161), RTE meat products (n=21), beverages (n=18) and raw meat samples (n=20) were collected from 13 different places of Himachal Pradesh. In addition, 25 stool samples from hospitalized patients were also screened. Yersinia spp. was not detected in any of the samples tested by culture method using CIN agar. However, 48 other bacterial isolates i.e. Serratia spp. (6.5%, 16/48), Pseudomonas spp. (6.5%, 16/48), Enterobacter spp. (5.7%, 14/48) and Klebsiella spp. (0.8%, 2/48) were recovered from the tested samples. Highest number of isolates were detected in beverages (33%) followed by dahi based products (30%), milk based sweets (21.5%) and paneer based products (13.6%). None of the RTE meat products showed bacterial contamination. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, tobramycin and doripenem. High level of susceptibility was observed for levofloxacin (95.8%), gentamicin (95.8%), imipenem (93.7%), ciprofloxacin (93.7%), cefepime (89.5%) and ampicillin/sulbactum (81.2%). 5 (10.4%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Three isolates were resistant to imipenem while two isolates were in intermediate susceptibility range for doripenem. 47.9% isolates tested were positive for ESBL and 52.0% isolates as ESBL negative. Only one isolate from raw pork was positive for blaCTX-M-1 gene by molecular testing. In the present study no Yersinia spp. could be detected. However, other bacterial spp. belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were detected and some of them were multidrug resistant strains. Isolates resistant to carbapenem class of antibiotics were also detected which possess serious public health concern.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CULTURAL SENSITIVITY OF Escherichia coli FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Vaishali; Khurana, S. K.
    In the present study, microbiological quality of milk and milk products was assessed by employing standard plate count and coliform count with special emphasis on Escherichia coli which is a food borne pathogen of public health importance. A total of 205 samples of milk and its products were screened for the presence of E. coli. Based on serotyping maximum prevalence was found in fermented milk products (22.86%), followed by cream based milk product (16.67%), paneer/ channa based product (13.64%), flavoured milk product (4.76%) and processed cheese products (2.70%). Among 17 isolates confirmed by serotyping, 15 isolates belonged to 9 different ‘O’ serogroups viz. O2, O7, O8, O26, O118, O121, O128, O145 and O157 while 2 were untypable strains. On the basis of PCR, out of 25 biochemically characterised isolates 23 were positive for E. coli. All the isolates were characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance/sensitivity. Antibiogram studies of the isolates revealed that 44% of the isolates were multidrug resistant with maximum isolates showing resistance to cefotaxime (88%), followed by cefuroxime (52%), amoxyclav and azithromycin (36%) while 96% sensitivity was observed against gentamycin. Due to ever increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, effect of both methanolic and aqueous extracts of pomegranate peels, rhododendron flowers and drumstick was evaluated against E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of pomegranate peels and rhododendron flowers was found to be effective against E. coli at the concentration of 10 per cent and 15 per cent.