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20224
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Line × tester analysis for fruit yield and component traits in okra (Abelmsochus esculentus (L.) Moench)
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-10-25) Shweta; Sood, Sonia
    The present investigation entitled “Line × tester analysis for fruit yield and component traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV Palampur with the objective of gathering information on heterosis, combining ability and gene action by using line × tester mating design involving nine lines and three testers. Lines, testers, their 27 cross-combinations, along with standard check 1 ‘Samrat’ and standard check 2 ‘Shakti’ were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during Summer season 2020 (E1), Summer season 2021 (E2) and Rainy season 2021 (E3). The data were recorded on different phenological and structural traits, fruit yield and yield attributing traits, quality traits and disease incidence of Cercospora leaf spot. Sufficient genetic variability was recorded for all the traits in three environments. Significant genotype × environment interactions were recorded for all the characters indicated role of environment on the performance of genotypes and cross-combinations. The analysis of variance for line × tester design revealed significant differences due to females, males and female × male interaction for most of the traits in three environments and under pooled over environments indicating substantial diversity in the experimental material. A large variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis was observed for most of the traits studied. Hybrids ‘Palam Round × Hisar Unnat’, ‘Kashi Vibhuti × Hisar Unnat’, ‘VRO-4 × Hisar Unnat’ and Palam 5 ridged × Hisar Unnat’ were the most promising crosses exhibited significant desirable standard heterosis for fruit yield and related traits and displayed maximum reliability by retaining their ranking among top five crosses over the environments. Lines ‘Palam Round’, ‘Kashi Vibhuti’ and ‘VRO-4’, and tester ‘Hisar Unnat’ were recorded good general combiners for fruit yield per plant and related traits. ‘Palam Round × Hisar Unnat’, ‘Kashi Vibhuti × Hisar Unnat’, ‘9801 × P-8’, ‘Kashi Pragati × Palam Komal’ and ‘HPO-1 × P-8’ were the most promising cross-combinations on the basis of SCA effects for yield and component traits. The dominant component of variance was higher than additive component for most of the traits, indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action. Based on per se performance, SCA effects and standard heterosis ‘Palam Round × Hisar Unnat’ and ‘Kashi Vibhuti × Hisar Unnat’ were the most promising cross -combinations for developing superior progenies. These cross-combinations had good amount of mucilage, ascorbic acid, produced green colour fruits with downy pubescence. Palam Round × Hisar Unnat was ridgeless, resistant to Cercospora abelmoschi and highly resistant to Cercospora malayensis whereas Kashi Vibhuti × Hisar Unnat had five ridges per fruit and resistant to both species of Cercospora leaf spot. These cross-combinations can be released as hybrids after further field testing and their exploitation in future breeding programmes. Single seed descent method, recurrent selection and bulk method can be the best breeding strategy to obtain maximum number of transgressive segregants with high fruit yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Rootstock and scion compatibility studies in pomato
    (palampur, 2022-08-09) Thakur, Vandana; Sharma, Parveen
    The present investigation was carried out to evaluate sixteen different graft combinations of pomato for various growth, yield and quality attributes of tomato and potato of pomato plant during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur under modified naturally ventilated polyhouse. The experimental material comprising of four tomato scion and four potato rootstock along with two checks one each of tomato and potato was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design along with three replications. The data was recorded from five random plants and evaluated for horticultural attributes of tomato and potato of pomato grafts during both years. According to the analysis of variance, the significant variability was observed for tomato and potato horticultural attributes, respectively. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for most of the yield and their attributing traits of tomato and potato. Correlation and path analysis concluded that fruit yield per square meter with number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length and width, while for potato tuber yield per square meter with tuber length and tuber width, number of tuber per plant, average tuber weight may possibly be well thought-out as the pre-eminent selection parameters for developing high yielding combinations for tomato as well as for potato. On the basis of mean performance and economics calculated for sixteen different graft combinations along with two checks, the results demonstrated that Kufri Pukhraj + Avtar, Kufri Pukhraj+ Rakshita, Kufri Pukhraj + Heemsohna, Kufri Jyoti + Avtar and Kufri Khyati + PTH-1 performed best for various growth, yield and quality attributes and both for tomato as well as for potato harvested form pomato grafts. These best five combinations were also recorded with higher net return, gross margin and benefit: cost ratio and found to be most suitable to get maximum profit margins from limited agricultural land holdings
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetical studies in parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (palampur, 2022-05-21) Kaur, Manpreet; Sharma, Parveen
    The present investigation entitled “Genetical studies in parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur to gather information on combining ability, gene action and magnitude of heterosis in parthenocarpic cucumber. Eight parental lines were used to develop F1 hybrids through half diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals). All parental lines and hybrids were evaluated along with standard check Kian in RBD with three replications under modified naturally ventilated polyhouses during spring-summer seasons of 2020 and 2021. Genetic diversity of eight parental lines was assessed using SSR markers to identify the diverse parents. PCA revealed 54.04 per cent variation as justified by first three principal components and maximum genetic variation (21.10%) was contributed by PC1. Eight cucumber genotypes were grouped into two clusters and both the clusters were divided into 2 sub clusters (NTSYS software) and DARwin software exhibited three clusters out of which cluster II was further divided into two sub clusters and was also confirmed by population structure. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes (G) for fruit yield and other component traits in all the environments. Significant differences for environment (E) and G × E interaction for most of the traits indicated the role of environment on the performance of genotypes/crosses. Combined analysis of variance also indicated that mean squares due to parents, hybrids and parents vs. hybrids were significant for most of the traits. Variances due to GCA, SCA and their interaction with environment were significant for most of the traits, indicating the importance of testing parents as well as hybrids across environments. The top cross combinations identified on the basis per se performance were DDPCG1 × DDPCG2, DDPCG1 × DDPCG5, DDPCG1 × PPC-2 and DDPCG1 × PPC-3 for fruit yield and its component traits under protected environment. Parents DDPCG1, DDPCG4, PPC-2 and DDPCG5 were observed to be good general combiners for earliness, fruit yield and its component traits. Cross combinations viz., DDPCG4 × DDPCG5, DDPCG1 × PPC-2, DDPCG1 × DDPCG5, PK-1 × PPC-3 and DDPCG1 × DDPCW1 were the most promising crosses on the basis of SCA effects for yield and its related traits. For most of the traits, there was preponderance of non-additive gene action which reaffirms the importance of hybrids in cucumber. A wide variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis was noticed for majority of the traits with maximum manifestation for number of fruits per plant and marketable yield per plant. Hybrids DDPCG1 × DDPCG2, DDPCG1 × DDPCG5, DDPCG1 × PPC-2, DDPCG1 × PK-1 and DDPCG1 × DDPCW1 were the most promising crosses with significant economic heterosis for yield and yield related traits. Based on per se performance, SCA effects and heterosis, DDPCG1 × DDPCG2, DDPCG1 × DDPCG5, DDPCG1 × PPC-2, DDPCG1 × PK-1 and DDPCG1 × DDPCW1 were the most promising hybrid combinations for protected environment
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis and combining ability studies in male sterility based F1 hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (palampur, 2022-05-10) Hem Lata; Sharma, Akhilesh
    The present investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in male sterility based F1 hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur to estimate the genetic diversity among inbred lines using molecular markers, and to study combining ability and heterosis to ascertain promising hybrids for fruit yield and component traits following ‘line × tester’ mating design involving 4 GMS lines and 10 diverse testers. Lines, testers and their 40 cross combinations, along with standard check ‘CH-27’, were evaluated in α-RBD with three replications for two consecutive years during summer-rainy seasons of 2020 and 2021. Assigning inbreds into different heterotic groups is essential for exploitation of heterosis for hybrid development. Out of 88 SSRs, 59 were found to be polymorphic and PIC value ranged from 0.077 to 0.779 with an average of 0.43 which indicated that SSRs used in study were polymorphic in nature. Heterotic grouping based on morphological and molecular marker analysis indicated the presence of considerable diversity in the inbred lines. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for yield and its contributing traits over the years. The line × tester analysis revealed significant differences due to lines, testers and line × tester interaction for most of the traits during both years and pooled over years indicating appreciable diversity in the experimental material. Lines ‘DPChMS 9-2’ and ‘DPChMS 26-1’ were good general combiners for green, red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant while ‘VVG’, ‘DPCh 10’, ‘DPCh 40’, ‘Surajmukhi’ and ‘Him Palam Mirch-2’ were the promising tester with significant GCA for majority of the traits. On the basis of SCA effects, crosses viz., ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 101’, DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × PBC 535’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × Him Palam Mirch-1’, ‘DPChMS 11-2 × Surajmukhi’, , ‘DPChMS 29-2 × DPCh 6-2’, ‘ ‘DPChMS 26-1 × Surajmukhi’, DPChMS 26-1 × Him Palam Mirch-1’, ‘DPChMS 26-1 × DPCh 22-C’ and ‘DPChMS 26-1 × VVG’ were the most promising for majority of the traits including fruit yield per plant (green, red and dry) with one of the parents at least as good or average/poor general combiner. Different traits showed the predominance either of additive or dominance variance with red ripe fruit yield for the latter. A wide variation in magnitude and direction of heterosis was noticed for majority of the traits. The promising hybrids for economic heterosis across the environments for green, red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant along with most important economic traits were ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 10’, ‘DPChMS 26-1 × DPCh 10’ and ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 40’ and ‘DPChMS 29-2 × DPCh 10’. Based on per se performance, SCA effects and heterosis, ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’ and ‘DPChMS 9-2 × DPCh 101’ were promising hybrids for marketable green fruit yield, while ‘DPChMS 9-2 × Him Palam Mirch-2’ and ‘DPChMS 11-2 × DPCh 40’ had the same for both red ripe and dry fruit yield per plant. Thus, deploying GMS lines for hybrid seed production in chilli could help farmers to double their income as it reduces the cost of production of hybrid seed and hence, seed could be supplied to farmers at lesser cost