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2020 - 20214
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IMPERATA CYLINDRICA- AND MAIZEMEDIATED CHROMOSOME ELIMINATION SYSTEMS FOR HAPLOID INDUCTION IN VARIOUS DERIVATIVES OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED INDIGENOUS TRITICALES AND BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES
    (Palampur, 2021-11-30) ROWSHAN, ABOZAR; Chaudhary, H. K.
    The research endeavour entitled “Relative efficiency of Imperata cylindrica- and maizemediated chromosome elimination systems for haploid induction in various derivatives of newly synthesized indigenous triticales and bread wheat genotypes” was executed in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur during the years 2019-20 and 2020-21 with the goal to develop triticale × wheat F1 & BC1F1 to compare hybridization potential of diverse combinations and work out relative efficiency of haploid induction in triticale × wheat derivatives following Imperata cylindrica and maize- mediated chromosome elimination technique of doubled haploidy breeding. The material for present investigation comprised of 10 bread wheat genotypes HPW 155, HPW 249, HPW 349, HPW 368, HPW 440, VWFW 858, VWFW 896, Tyari 1, Saptdhara and DH 114; two newly synthesized triticale genotypes, Triticale 1 and Triticale 2 and their F1s & backcross derivatives. During rabi 2019-20, hybridization work was carried out using wheat genotypes as female parent and triticale genotypes as male parent followed by estimating the frequency of seed setting induced by the triticale genotypes in wheat parental lines. The first filial generation produced after hybridization was sown at HAREC, Kukumseri to deduce the frequency of seed setting for the formation of backcross generation. Triticale 1 performed better than Triticale 2 for development of F1s while Tyari 1 exhibited significantly higher response for hybridization with Triticale 1 and Triticale 2. The mean seed setting frequency recorded for the development of F1 generation was 22.73% & 15.84% with Triticale 1 and Triticale 2 respectively; while in BC1F1, it was 21.02% & 20.92% with Triticale 1 and Triticale 2 respectively. All the haploid induction parameters viz., pseudo seed formation, embryo formation and haploid regeneration, showed varied response in each generation of triticale x wheat derivatives exhibiting genotype specificity for haploid induction. On the basis of statistical analysis, it was revealed that relative efficiency of I. cylindrica was higher than maize for haploid induction in triticale x wheat derivatives. Derivatives of bread wheat genotypes with both the triticale genotypes preformed at par for haploid induction following I. cylindrica and Z. mays mediated- chromosome elimination technique. Backcross generation performed better than F1 and F2 genotypes towards haploid induction parameters. This attempt of hybridizing wheat with triticale; producing haploids from their F1, F2 and BC1F1, which can be transformed into double haploids following colchicine treatment has paved way to accelerate the wheat improvement programme with enhanced precision using the desirable genes from rye into wheat using triticale as bridging species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigation on hybrid necrotic genes and their allelic expressivity amongst various bread wheat & triticale genotypes
    (CSHHPKV Palampur, 2020-10-01) Sharma, Jatin; Chaudhary, H. K.
    The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the distribution of two complementary hybrid necrotic genes Ne1 and Ne2, their allelic expressivity amongst various bread wheat and triticale genotypes and to characterize the non-carrier genotypes for various grain yield components. The experimental material comprised of 331 genotypes having 159 TW-lines, 102 DH-lines, 19 reconstituted lines, 19 local land races, 16 CIMMYT pre bred lines, 10 TWDH and 6 triticales along with two known spring wheat testers viz., C306 and HD 2380. Hybridization of these 331 maternal lines with C 306 and HD 2380 was executed during rabi season from 3rd March to 4th May, 2020 at Experimental Farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh; and during summer at Highland Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (HAREC), Kukumseri, Lahaul & Spiti from 6 th August to 13th August. Furthermore, F1s were further categorized into Ne1, Ne2 and non-carriers based on the presence/absence of necrotic alleles and their expressivity at various plant growth stages. Of 331 genotypes, 216 lines were non-carriers, 9 lines were Ne1-carriers and 106 lines were Ne2-carriers. Out of 9 Ne1-carriers identified, 1 belonged to TW-lines (weak allele), 7 to DH-lines (6 strong and 1 moderate alleles) and 1 to triticales (moderate allele). Of 106 Ne2-carriers identified, 45 belonged to TW-lines (4 strong, 21 moderately strong, 13 moderate, 2 weakly moderate and 5 weak alleles), 35 to DH-lines (8 strong, 13 moderately strong, 6 moderate, 6 weakly moderate and 2 weak alleles), 9 to RLs (3moderately strong, 2 moderate, 3 weakly moderate and 1 weak alleles), 8 to local land races (4 moderately strong, 3 moderate and 1 weakly moderate alleles), 8 to CIMMYT pre bred lines (1strong, 6 moderately strong and 1 moderate alleles), 1 to triticales (1 strong alleles).The frequency of Ne1-carriers was highest in triticales (16.5%) followed by DH-lines (7%) and least in TW-lines (0.63%). Whereas, frequency of Ne2-carriers was highest in CIMMYT pre bred lines (50%), followed by RLs (47%), local land races (42%), DH-lines (34%), TW-lines (28.30%) and least in triticales (16.5%). The characterization of two hundred and sixteen genotypes for grain yield components lead to identification of promising genotypes which can be used in forthcoming hybridization programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AMONG MAIZE (Zea mays L.) INBRED LINES
    (CSK HPKV Palampur, 2020-08-29) AWASTHI, AKSHITA; Swaran, Lata
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (CSKHPKV. Palampur, 2020-09-30) SHARMA, GAURAV; Guleria, S.K.
    The present investigation was carried out on experimental materials derived through crossing eight inbred lines in half diallel mating design. The experimental material consisted of 8 parental inbreds, their 28 crosses and four checks viz., Palam Sankar Makka-2, Vivek Hybrid-45, Bio-9544 and DKC 7074 were evaluated in RBD at two environments representing different agroclimatic and ecological conditions of North-Western Himalayas i.e. SAREC, Kangra and HAREC, Bajaura during Kharif, 2019. Analysis of variance indicated sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material for all the traits across the environments except shelling (%) in E1. Bartlett‟s test indicated that error variance was homogeneous only for days to 50% pollen shed and silking, days to 75% brown husk, ear circumference (cm), 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (q/ha). The pooled analysis revealed significant differences between the environments for all the traits except days to 50% silking. Per se performance of parents and crosses revealed that environment E1 took less number of days to 50% pollen shed and silking except for days to 50% silking for crosses, whereas, environment E2 took less number of days to 75% brown husk. Plant height was observed more in E1 as compared to E2. Mean performance of grain yield and its contributing traits viz., number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear circumference and 1000-grain weight for parents and crosses observed more in E2 than E1. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant GCA and SCA for most of the traits indicated the preponderance of additive and non-additive gene actions for the inheritance of the traits. Estimates of σ2SCA were higher as compared to the estimates of σ2GCA in both the environments and in pooled over environment as well, except for the days to 75% brown husk in E1 indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action. In pooled analysis, mean squares due to environment, GCA, SCA, GCA × environment and SCA × environment were significant for all the traits except for days to 50% silking in environment and GCA × environment for days to 75% brown husk. Significant mean sum of squares for GCA × environment and SCA × environment were observed for days to 50% pollen shed and silking, ear circumference, 1000- grain weight and grain yield. The magnitude of interaction in case of GCA observed higher for days to 50% pollen shed and silking, 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (q/ha) than SCA. The inbred line P1 in E2, pooled over environment and P6 in E1 were found good general combiner for most of the traits and may be utilized as potential parental inbred lines for development of high yielding single cross maize hybrids. Based on high per se performance, SCA effects, standard heterosis (%), days to 75% brown husk and diseases resistance to TLB and BLSB in both the environments under natural conditions and for TLB under artificial conditions, the crosses P1 × P4 and P2 × P4 in E1, E2 as well as pooled over environment identified as the potential hybrids may be commercially exploited after critical evaluation for its superiority in performance and with stability across the locations over years