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20212
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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Relationship between sonographic characteristics of uterus and ovaries during estrus and subsequent fertility in dairy cows
    (Palampur, 2021-08-05) Khanoria, Neha; Singh, Madhumeet
    The present study was conducted in clinically healthy, normal cyclic cows (N=20) with no history of reproductive abnormality at the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur. All the cows were monitored for behavioural signs like mounting, standing to be mounted, bellowing, vulvar oedema, and cervicovaginal discharge at the time of estrus. The physical parameters of cervicovaginal discharge such as consistency, quantity, color, pH, spinnbarkeit, and fern pattern were recorded. Thereafter, trans-rectal B-mode and color Doppler sonography of the ovarian and uterine characteristics along with the middle uterine artery of cows was done. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the relationship between different ultrasonic characteristics of ovaries and uterus with conception rate and analysis of the blood flow through a middle uterine artery at estrus for prediction of ovulation time. Spinnbarkeit, the physical property of cervicovaginal discharge, was significantly higher (p0.05) for pH was recorded. The preovulatory follicle at estrus had a significantly higher (p0.05) was recorded for uterine characteristics i.e., intraluminal uterine fluid diameter and endometrial thickness. Similarly, the vascularity of mid cyclic corpus luteum was significantly higher (p0.05) in relation to pregnancy. The pulsatility index and mean blood flow volume were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the MUA ipsilateral to preovulatory follicle at estrus as compared to contralateral MUA. Also, the pulsatility and resistivity indices along with velocity (TAMAX) of blood flow to the uterus through MUA ipsilateral to preovulatory follicle at estrus were significantly higher (p<0.01-0.05) in cows ovulated within 24 hours of A.I. as compared to cows ovulated after 24 hours.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigations on etiologies of genital prolapse in bovines of Himachal Pradesh
    (Palampur, 2021-08-24) Sharma, Vivek; Kumar, Pravesh
    The present study was planned with the objectives to document the prevalence and etiologies of genital prolapse in bovines of different regions of Himachal Pradesh and to suggest the prevention and control. First part of the study comprised of documentation of prevalence of genital prolapse in bovines of Himachal Pradesh. Second part of study was investigation of etiologies of genital prolapse in bovines by estimation of clinco-pathological investigations for blood hormone, haematological and biochemicals of the affected (n=238) bovines (cattle and buffaloes) throughout the state and last was to suggest prevention and control of genital prolapse. Among cattle, the highest prevalence was reported in district Bilaspur (10.58%) followed by Chamba (9.03%) and Hamirpur (6.50%) whereas among buffaloes the highest prevalence was recorded in district Kangra (13.57%) followed by district Bilaspur (13.35%), Hamirpur (10.13%) and Chamba (8.23%). Overall prevalence of genital prolapse in cattle in Himachal Pradesh was 2.17 per cent and in buffaloes it was 6.53 per cent. In hormonal estimation, Significantly (P<0.01) high levels of plasma estradiol-17β (E2) and low level of progesterone (P4) were observed in affected bovines in comparison to nonaffected ones in all three (Pregnant, Postpartum and Non-pregnant) stages. Similarly, cortisol was also significantly high in non-pregnant (P<0.01) and post-partum (P<0.01) affected cattle groups and post-partum buffaloes (P<0.05) group. In minerals, Ca and P were significantly low at different levels of significance (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in cattle and buffaloes in all 3 stages except non-pregnant prolapse in buffaloes. In cows affected with genital prolapse, the biochemicals like triglycerides (P<0.01), urea (P<0.01) and SGOT (P<0.05) were significantly higher and cholesterol (P<0.01) was significantly lower than non-affected cows. In buffaloes showing genital prolapse, only a significant higher concentration of triglycerides (P<0.01) was observed and other biochemicals like glucose (P<0.01), total protein (P<0.05) and cholesterol (P<0.01) were significantly lower in comparison to non-affected buffaloes. In cows affected with genital prolapse, leukocytes (P<0.05), granulocytes (P<0.01), haemoglobin (P<0.05) and platelets (P<0.05) were significantly higher than non-affected one. On the basis of etiologies of prolapse, minerals like calcium and phosphorous and hormone like progesterone can be supplemented during pregnancy to avoid its occurrence. Maximum of moderate and severe prolapse cases required surgical intervention with Buhner’s suture along with other supportive treatment.