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Theses

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2003 - 200952010 - 20116
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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 11
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF COMPLETE FEED BLOCKS FOR MILK PRODUCTION IN CROSS BRED CATTLE
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2003) SHARMA, Vinod; Sharma, V.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF GINGER POWDER (Zingiber officinalis) AND ORGANIC ACIDS AS ALTERNATIVES TO ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTERS IN BROILER PRODUCTION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2011-06-30) Goswamy, Varsha; Rani, Daisy
    A study using 330 day-old Vancobb broilers was conducted to determine the effects of antibiotic, ginger powder (Zingiber officinalis) and organic acids on biological performance, fecal quality, weight of liver, gall bladder, lymphoid organs and abdominal fat, meat quality, pH of small and large intestinal contents, morphometry of small intestines and economics of broiler production. The broilers were randomly allocated to 11 treatments including a negative control (NC; basal diet only) and a positive control (PC; basal diet+Zinc bacitracin). There were 30 chicks in each treatment with three replicates of 10 chicks per treatment. The broilers were offered diets supplemented with ginger powder (G), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), fumaric acid (FA) at 0.5, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.5 per cent, respectively and their combinations i.e. ginger powder + acetic acid (GA), ginger powder + propionic acid (GP), ginger powder + fumaric acid (GF), acetic acid + propionic acid + fumaric acid (APF), and ginger powder + the three acids (GAPF) at the same dose rates. The feed intake, weight at 4th week, weight at 6th week and mortality were recorded. Five birds were slaughtered out of each treatment, after the end of 6 weeks of age and, dressed weight, weight of liver, gall bladder, spleen, thymus, bursa and abdominal fat were recorded. The samples of breast and thigh muscles were collected for moisture, protein and fat analysis. The pH of small and large intestinal contents was recorded immediately with digital pH-meter. The G treatment showed best FCR (2.356) and the lowest feed intake in comparison to other treatments. Ginger supplementation resulted in meat with optimum tenderness, protein and lowest fat, whereas, GAPF treatment produced meat with lowest protein and highest fat content. The weights of liver, gall bladder abdominal fat, spleen and bursa of different treatments did not differ statistically except that of thymus which was the highest in FA supplemented group in comparison to NC. No effect of different supplementations on pH of the small and large intestinal contents was observed. The highest villous height and crypt depth of duodenum was shown by AA, FA and APF groups, whereas, in jejunum the highest villous height and crypt depth were again shown by FA supplemented birds. In ileum, the highest villous height was shown by GA and the highest crypt depth was observed in FA treatment. The per cent profit earned was the highest in G supplemented group i.e. 51.35 per cent. Overall, the ginger supplemented birds showed 13.43 per cent higher net profit as compared to that of NC and 3.27 per cent as compared to that of PC. It was concluded that the ginger powder supplementation improved the litter quality, and perhaps did not work through pH and morphological modulation of gastrointestinal tract and it did not show synergism with organic acids. The ginger powder supplementation could not only replace the antibiotic, but also enhance the profits compared to that of the antibiotic.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF SOME HERBS AS SUBSTITUTE OF ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTERS IN BROILERS RATIO
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2007) Sood, Shaveta; Rani, Daisy
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SEABUCKTHORN LEAVES (HIPPOPHAE L.) AS PROTEIN REPLACER FOR EFFICIENT BROILER PRODUCTION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2009) K. AMBATKAR, SHASHWATI; Sharma, V.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF EARTHWORM MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT OF FISHMEAL IN COMMERCIAL BROILER DIETS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2011-08-06) SHARMA, ROHIT; Sharma, K.S.
    ABSTRACT In the present scenario, poultry farming is becoming expensive day by day, mainly because of the increasing cost of the feed which alone accounts for about 70 percent of the expenditure incurred on poultry rearing. The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of exploring feasibility of replacing fishmeal with the earthworm meal in the diets of commercial broilers along with calculation of the cost benefit ratio of the broiler production. To achieve this, 500 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups and in each group fishmeal were replaced with the earthworm meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent levels. Growth characteristics, some parameters of blood plasma viz. calcium, phosphorus and cholesterol, chemical composition of meat, dry matter and nutrient digestibility and liveability percentage were studied. Broilers assigned to groups getting 100 percent earthworm meal as a replacement of fishmeal performed significantly better in terms of gain in live weight (13.36 percent compared to control) and FCR (2.17). Dressing percentage (66.03 %) was also found to be significantly better in the treatment group containing 100 percent earthworm meal. Further, the cost of feed and the total expenditure/kg gain in live weight) got reduced progressively as the level of earthworm meal was increased successively at different levels in the diets of the birds. As a result more profit/kg gain in live weight (12.10 % as compared to control in treatment group containing 100 percent earthworm meal ) was earned at each stage of substitution of fishmeal with the earthworm meal.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae L.) CAKE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE IN BROILER RATIONS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010-06-29) Guleria, ROHIT; Rani, Daisy
    ABSTRACT Today, the cost of feed is very high which has made poultry production very expensive. It is the need of the time to utilize unconventional feeds for efficient poultry production. Seabuckthorn (SBT) cake is one of the agro- industrial by product of the SBT oil industry. Till date, no work has been done on its use in any species of livestock. So the, present study was conducted to evaluate its usefulness (if any), at various levels of inclusions in commercial broiler production. Three hundred and ninety (Nos.), dayold broiler chicks were divided into 13 groups with 30 chicks per treatment and were offered diets in which 5, 10, 15, 20 per cent.............. up to 60 per cent of total CP of basal diet (C) was obtained from SBT cake, designated as SBT 5, SBT 10, SBT 15, SBT 20.............. upto SBT 60, respectively. Growth characterstics, dressing percentage, weight of abdominal fat, weight of liver & gall bladder, weight of lymphoid organs, chemical composition of breast & thigh muscles, blood biochemicals and economics of broiler production were studied. The study revealed that SBT cake could be used in broiler starter diets upto 31 per cent and in broiler finisher rations upto 15 per cent of total feed, thereby saving 5 per cent soyflakes and 12 per cent of maize in starter feeds, and 5 percent soyflakes and 6 per cent maize in finisher feeds. Considering, that a broiler consumes 3.5 kg of total feed in 42 days, a total of 800 g SBT cake could be used, thereby decreasing the use of conventional ingredients by about 23 per cent. The saved soy flakes could be used for other livestock and maize could be used for feeding not only the livestock, but also for humans. The results also revealed that the SBT cake did not have any deleterious effect on the vital organs, liver and on the chemical composition of breast and thigh meat. The availability and cost of SBT cake would govern the profits and hence the decision regarding its use in poultry industry. So it was concluded that with the use of SBT cake, (a) The profit of broiler industry could be increased, and (b) Soyflakes and maize could be saved for other livestock and humans.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HOT AND COLD METHODS OF PREPARATION OF UREA-MOLASSES BRICKS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2006) Singh, Rajvinder; Sharma, V.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SEABUCKTHORN (Hippophae L.) LEAVES AND CAKE AS PROTEIN REPLACER FOR EFFECIENT BROILER PRODUCTION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2010-07-14) SHARMA Bharat, Raj; Sharma, V.K.
    ABSTRACT India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world (only second to china). The livestock sector has been one of the key contributors in this achievement. Poultry industry is the brightest prospect in the livestock sector and there is great demand of poultry feed ingredients and is increasing day by day. The conventional feed resources cannot fill the gap between the demand and supply of fodder. So, the need of hour is to look out for non-conventional feed resources and include them in the livestock ration. So, the present study was undertaken by including seabuckthorn leaves and cake in the diet of commercial broilers. Four hundred and twenty (Nos.) day-old chicks were divided into 7 groups with 4 replications, each having 15 chicks. The control group (T-1) concentrate crude protein (CP) was replaced with 3, 6, and 9 per cent of CP of seabuckthorn leaves (Hippophae L.) in the T-2, T-3, T-4 and 10, 20 and 30 per cent of CP of seabuckthorn cake in T-5, T-6 and T-7 treatment groups respectively. Growth characterstics, dressing percentage, weight of liver, intestines, gizzard and heart, blood plasma minerals, digestibility coefficients of DM, CP, EE, CF and OM and economics of broiler production were studied. The study revealed that saebuckthorn leaves could be used in broiler starter and finisher diets upto 6 per cent and seabuckthorn cake could be used in the broiler starter and finisher diets upo 20 per cent without any negative effect on gain in weight, FCR, dressing percentage and liveability. No significant difference was observed in the organ weight, digestibility coefficients and most of the plasma minerals level. All the groups showed better returns when compared to control group and T-4 emerged with highest profit due to low cost of seabuckthorn leaves. The results also revealed that the seabuckthorn leaves and cake did not have any deleterious effect on the vital organs, liver and on the health of birds. The availability and cost of seabuckthorn leaves and cake would govern the profits and subsequently its use in poultry industry. It was concluded on the basis of the experiment that with the use of seabuckthorn leaves and cake would lower the cost of broiler rearing and spare maize and other traditional ingredients for livestock and human use.