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Thesis

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2001 - 20043
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Subject: Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON BACTERIAL MASTITIS IN BOVINES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) SMITHA ROSE SEBASTIAN; K. Vijayakumar
    A study was carried out to detect subclinical mastitis by California mastitis test, to compare the different mastitis indicators, to identify the bacterial agents responsible and their antibiogram and to assess the efficacy of different treatments adopted. Tlie occurrence of subclinical mastitis in organized farms and m and around ntrissur rvas found to be 25.17 per cent, after examining 1053 quarter milk samples by California mastitis test. A total of 265 milk samples were subjected to somatic cell count, modified Whiteside test and modified Aulendorfer mastitis probe test. These tests showed a positi\'e correlation with somatic cell count. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the chief etiological agent followed by coagulase negative staphylococci, coliforms and Streptococcus agalacliae. Chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin were found to be the most effective antibiotics against bacterial isolates from mastitis cases and sulphadiazine and irimethoprim the least effective. In vivo studies revealed that oxytetracycine is more effective followed by enrofloxacin and amoxycillin-cloxacillin combination. But the bacteriological cure was same for all the treatments. The twenty four Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical mastitis were grouped into seven different genotypes using RAPD analysis. The four Escherichia coli isolates gave single RAPD pattem. S. aureus genotype a was found to be more prevalent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF DOGS FOR POSSIBLE RABIES VIRUS EXCRETION
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2004) RAJU. S.; M R Saseendranath
    Five hundred dogs, belonging to various categories viz., healthy (vaccinated and non vaccinated), sick (vaccinated and non vaccinated) and stray dogs, were screened for the possible excretion of rabies virus in an enzootic area in Trichur, Kerala, based on the observation that nonfatal rabies occurs among dog populations in enzootic or epizootic areas. The criterion selected for the screening of dogs was detection of rabies virus antigen in comeal impression or saliva using fluorescent antibody test. None of the 500 dogs was found positive for rabies viral excretion in saliva or comeal impression. The validity of the test was periodically tested with salivary swabs from rabid dogs that were brought with clinical signs suggestive of rabies. Of twelve dogs thus examined, four were positive in saliva and two were positive in comeal impression test. One dog was positive in both comeal impression and saliva. All the twelve dogs died and rabies was diagnosed by Fluorescent antibody test. Brain samples from sixty-six suspected dogs brought to the department of pathology were subjected to fluorescent antibody test and forty-nineanimals found positive for rabies. The results were confirmed positive using polymerase chain reaction. Thus in the present study no evidence of non fatal, abortive or chronic rabies could be detected among dogs in the study or control group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF DOGS FOR LEPTOSPIRA USING SANDWICH DOT ELISA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2004) RAHUL. S. NAIR; M. R. Saseendranath
    An investigation was carried out in 210 dogs of Thrissur district to assess the prevalence of leptospirosis using diagnostic techniques like darkfield microscopy, Sandwich dot ELISA for Leptospira antigen detection, Sandwich plate ELISA for Leptospira antigen detection and Polymerase chain reaction. Sera and urine samples were collected from dogs brought to University Veterinary Hospitals, Kokkalai and Mannuthy that included 109 diseased animals and 101 healthy dogs. Out of the 210 sera samples tested 26 (12.38 per cent) samples, six (5.94 per cent) out of the 101 samples from healthy dogs and 20 (18.35 per cent) out of the 109 serum samples from diseased dogs were found positive. Out of the 210 urine samples tested 22 samples (10.48 per cent), eight (7.34 per cent) from diseased dogs and 14 (13.86 per cent) from healthy dogs were found positive for pathogenic leptospires. Prevalence of leptospirosis was found higher in male dogs and in dogs aged from six months to three years. The present finding of healthy carriers for leptospirosis among dogs shows the need of checking dogs more carefully for inapparent leptospirosis because of the human health hazard.Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of the four diagnostic tests revealed darkfield microscopy inferior in detecting leptospires in dogs and the newly developed, easy to perform and cost effective sandwich dot and plate ELISA for Leptospira antigen detection that was showing hundred percent agreements with polymerase chain reaction can be adopted as an effective diagnostic tool for canine leptospirosis even at field level where sophisticated infrastructure is lacking.