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2016 - 201942020 - 20222
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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Start date: 1981 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS AND EXPRESSION PROFILE OF B-CELL LYMPHOMA-2 GENE IN MALABARI DOELINGS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINRY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-06-22) AMRITHA ARAVIND; Dr. Shibu Simon
    The study was conducted to assess the effect of of M. oleifera leaves on reproductive performance in Malabari doelings. Apparently healthy Malabari kids (n= 32) of age three months were selected and randomly allocated to two different treatment groups. Control group (T1, n= 16) was fed with complete feed as pellets and experimental group (T2, n=16) was given complete feed in which 50 per cent of concentrate was replaced with M. oleifera leaves on dry matter (DM) basis. The feeding trials were continued till two oestrous cycles were completed. The mean initial (T1-8.00 ± 0.50 kg; T2- 7.89 ± 0.55 kg) and final body weights (T1-18.73 ± 0.89 kg; T2- 19.95 ± 0.89 kg) did not differ significantly whilst showed a linear increase in both the groups. Daily DMI and haematological parameters (Hb, Haematocrit, TEC, TLC) did not vary significantly between groups. In T2, the mean total protein was significantly higher (p < 0.05) while mean ALT remained significantly lower (p < 0.05). Post weaning mean progesterone profile remained less than 1ng/mL until fifth month of age but showed significant increase during sixth month (T1- 0.24 ng/mL, T2- 0.44 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and elevated more than 1ng/mL during seventh month in T2 (T1- 0.72 ± 0.22 ng/mL, T2- 1.14 ± 0.29 ng/mL). First behavioural oestrus was observed during sixth month age (T1-12.50 %; T2- 31.25 %) without any significant variation between groups. On ultrasound examination of follicular dynamics in two consecutive oestrous cycles, significantly higher number of small, medium and large follicles could be observed in T2 (p < 0.01). Typical wave patterns of one to five wave cycles could be noticed in Malabari doelings in peripubertal period regardless the experimental groups and short cycles were characteristic of first oestrous cycle in both the groups. The first interwave interval of five wave cycle and ovulatory wave of four wave cycle was longer in T2. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to diameter of largest follicles in each wave, day of appearance of largest follicle, day of ovulation, number and size of ovulatory follicles. The size of corpus luteum, blood flow assessed by pixel count and mean progesterone values were higher during luteogenesis of first oestrous cycle in T2 (p < 0.05). Significantly higher behavioural and physiological score and oestrus intensity could be observed in T2 (p < 0.01). Length of oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus did not vary significantly between the groups. Following follicular aspiration (n=6), significantly higher (p < 0.05) culture grade (A and B) oocytes could be observed in T2 (85.71%) than T1 (43.75%). BCB staining revealed, significantly higher (p < 0.05) number of oocytes with developmental competence in T2 (3.83 ± 0.48) than T1 (2.17 ± 0.48). Follicular health assessed by relative expression of antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 showed no significant variation between the groups. Thus, the present study authorizes the effective and safe means of replacement of 50 per cent concentrate ration of goats with M. oleifera leaves without affecting the growth, dry matter intake and haematobiochemical profiles in Malabari doelings and it improved the reproductive performance by advancing the puberty, folliculogenesis, luteogenesis and enhanced developmental competence and quality of oocytes during peripubertal period.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF MYOMETRIAL CONTRACTILITY, GENE EXPRESSION OF HORMONE RECEPTORS IN UTERUS AND FOETO-MATERNAL VELOCITY INDICES IN CANINE UTERINE INERTIA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-05-19) Magnus Paul K; Dr. C. Jayakumar
    The present study was designed to assess the uterine contractility characteristics, gene expression of hormone receptors and the change in velocity indices of maternal and foetal arteries in canine uterine inertia. Dogs presented (n=22) with dystocia were classified as complete primary uterine inertia CPUI (n=9), partial primary uterine inertia PPUI (n=6) and foetal cause of dystocia FCD (n=7) based on the cause of dystocia, contractile state of the uterus as well as the stage of progress of the foetus. All the selected dogs were subjected to ultrasonography with Pulse wave spectral Doppler analysis, radiography, sigmoidoscopy, non-invasive tocodynamometry, haematology, blood gas, electrolyte and metabolite analysis and serum hormonal profile analysis. Caesarean section was performed in all the dogs, and after the removal of the foetus, full￾thickness uterine biopsy samples were taken and frozen in RNA-later. Apgar scores of all the foetuses were recorded at five minutes, two hours and 24 h. Relative expression of genes regulating myometrial contraction as well as hormonal receptor genes were performed using the qPCR in the study groups. Tocodynamometric studies confirmed that dogs exhibiting less than 15 mm of Hg pressure and feeble or infrequent contractions without delivery for more than 30 min, could be considered as uterine inertia. Apgar scores in pups at five minutes after the surgery were poor in all groups, but the rapid improvement was noticed in two hours. Analysis revealed normal pH, High pO2, low pCO2, low HCO3⁻ and low base excess. Significantly lower Na+and Cl⁻ concentration in the FCD group, and lower iCa and anion gap in the FCD group were noted. Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were evident in all animals, with the maximum level in FCD. Quantitative analysis of RI, PI and SVDV of the foetal abdominal aorta and the uterine artery did not differ significantly between the groups. Haematology revealed no significant difference between the groups, but lymphocytosis and anaemia were evident in all groups. The serum hormone profile revealed no significant difference between oestradiol and progesterone concentrations across the groups. However, oestradiol level was higher in all groups than previously reported levels in normal pregnancy. The present study concluded that ionised calcium deficiency, higher oestradiol concentration, upregulation of Erβ receptor gene and downregulation of MLCK gene contributed an additive effect to cause CPUI, along with the possible absence of oxytocin, which was indirectly revealed through the elevated Na+and Cl⁻concentration. Whereas the PPUI was found to be a myometrial defect due to extreme down-regulation of MLCK, MYHII and PKC genes, higher oestradiol levels also might have contributed to the development of the pathology.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    YIELD AND QUALITY OF TRANSVAGINALLY RETRIEVED OOCYTES IN NORMAL AND REPEAT BREEDING CATTLE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2017-12-01) ABHILASH R. S; ABHILASH R. S; Metilda Joseph; Metilda Joseph
    The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of transvaginal oocyte recovery (TVOR) and to evaluate the quality of oocytes recovered from 12 normal and 12 repeat breeder crossbred cows stationed at the University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research Station, Mannuthy. Both normal and repeat breeder cows further divided into two groups of six animals each based on the TVOR frequency. Transvaginal oocyte recovery was performed at a frequency of once weekly in groups I and III and twice weekly in group II and IV for a period of two months (Group I and II- normal cows, and group III and IV- repeat breeders, six animals each). Frequency of TVOR or reproductive status of animal was not found to influence ovarian biometry. Number of small ( 9 mm) follicles were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in normal and repeat breeder cows subjected to twice weekly TVOR. The number of follicles aspirated, number of oocytes retrieved, culture grade oocytes, matured oocytes, fertilized oocytes, cleaved oocytes per session and oocyte recovery rate (%) were siginicantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in normal animals and those animals subjected to twice weekly TVOR. However, there was no significant difference between maturation rate, fertilization rate and cleavage rates between normal and repeat breeder animals and animals subjected to once and twice weekly TVOR. Evaluation of oocyte maturation rate using Hoechst 33342 and FDA also revealed that maturation rate was higher in normal breeders. No significant difference in the serum progesterone and blood urea nitrogen level were observed when normal and repeat breeder cows were subjected to TVOR at varying frequencies. A significantly higher follicular fluid progesterone concentration was observed in normal animals when compared to repeat breeders. The present study revealed that oocyte quality in repeat breeders is significantly lower than normal breeders, and TVOR at twice weekly interval was found to be an effective tool for harvesting maximum number of oocytes from crossbred cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PYOMETRA FOR RESTORING BREEDING EFFICIENCY
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2018-05-09) UNNIKRISHNAN M. P.; M.O.Kurien
    A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic protocols in the treatment of canine pyometra, based on clinical, haematobiochemical, B-mode ultrasonographic and Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation. Combination treatment using mifepristone @ 2.5mg/kg b. wt. bid orally for five days, along with incremental doses of dinoprost from 10 to 50 µg/kg b. wt. tid; 48 h after initiation of mifepristone, till complete uterine evacuation was superior for therapeutic management of canine pyometra in terms of clinical recovery and future fertility. Haematology recorded anaemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia in patients with pyometra, which resolved after treatment. Serum biochemistry revealed marginal rise in blood urea nitrogen, high C-reactive protein and rise in progesterone values, which reduced to normal by day 15 of treatment. Early reduction in progesterone was noticed in cabergoline-based group. B-mode ultrasonography revealed uterine horn distension with anechoic to hypoechoic contents and thickened wall, which reduced to normal by day 15 of treatment. Delay in uterine resolution was noticed in cabergoline-based group. Doppler ultrasonography revealed increased uterine blood flow velocity (peak systolic velocity: 0.69 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.07; end diastolic velocity: 0.27 ± 0.02 to 0.31 ± 0.01) and decreased resistive index (0.59 ± 0.04 to 0.62 ± 0.06), which returned to normal after treatment. Bacteriological isolates from anterior vagina revealed E. coli (52.63 %), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (37.74 %), Streptococcus spp. (5.66 %) and Pseudomonas (3.77 %). Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were sensitive to amikacin, whereas Staphylococcus spp was most sensitive to ceftriaxone-tazobactam. Streptococcus spp. was 100 per cent sensitive to cephalosporin. Hyper-salivation was the most common side effect of prostaglandin treatment, exhibited in 31.25 per cent of dogs. Time taken for complete uterine evacuation varied between 5.88 ± 0.40 and 8.25 ± 0.73 days, with more in cabergoline-based group. Fertility studies revealed better cyclicity and conception in 75 and 66.67 per cent, respectively of mifepristone-dinoprost combination treated dogs, whereas overall cyclicity and conception was 68.75 and 54.55 per cent, respectively. Overall recurrence of 28.13 per cent was recorded after medical treatment with minimum recurrence (12.5 %) in mifepristone-dinoprost treated dogs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF MALABARI BUCK SEMINAL PLASMA PROTEINS IN RELATION TO SEMEN FREEZABILITY AND FERTILITY
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCESMANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) AMBILI JOHN; Hiron M. Harshan
    The study was undertaken to characterize the protein profile of Malabari buck seminal plasma for identifying protein markers of freezability and fertility and to compare the in vivo fertility of Malabari buck semen with low and high semen freezability. Adult Malabari bucks with post thaw sperm progressive motility of more than 35 per cent were classified as having high semen freezability while those with less than 30 per cent were classified as having low semen freezability (four each) were utilized for the study. Tris - egg yolk based extender was used for cryopreservation of the ejaculates (n = 48; 24 each from bucks having high and low semen freezability). Significantly higher values were noted in the pre-freeze acrosome integrity and membrane cholesterol levels and post-thaw motility, viability, acrosome integrity, hypo osmotic sperm swelling response (HOS) and membrane cholesterol levels of high semen freezability bucks when compared with low semen freezability bucks. Whereas the seminal plasma ALP and LDH were found to be significantly lower in high semen freezability bucks compared with low semen freezability bucks at post thaw stage. The total protein content and average number of protein bands in seminal plasma of high and low semen freezability bucks did not differ significantly (75.82 ± 4.62 mg/ml vs 67.07 ± 6.07 mg/ml; 20.83 ± 0.53 vs 22.09 ± 0.49). The 24 kDa, 79 kDa, 84 kDa and 134 kDa proteins were found to have significantly higher occurence in seminal plasma of bucks with high semen freezability whereas the occurence of 15 kDa, 19.9 kDa, 21.5 kDa, 70kDa and 89 kDa proteins were found significantly higher in seminal plasma of bucks with low semen freezability. On analysis of 2D gels, an average of 67.67 ± 4.06 and 75.33 ± 4.28 spots (pI 3-10) were detected in semen of high and low semen freezability bucks, respectively and the difference was not significant. On western blot analysis, osteopontin, a protein fertility marker, was found to be present in seminal plasma of all the bucks studied. For fertility studies 134 does were inseminated with semen preserved by chilling and 91 with cryopreserved semen. The conception rate (CR) with cryopreserved semen was significantly higher in bucks with high semen freezability than with low semen freezability. In the semen preserved by chilling, no significant difference was noticed between low and high semen freezability animals in the spermatozoa progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, HOS response or seminal plasma ALP and LDH levels after dilution or after 24 h of storage at refrigeration. But when chilled semen was used, the CR was significantly higher for bucks with low semen freezability than for bucks with high semen freezability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AUGMENTING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN POST PARTURIENT DOES WITH INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE SPONGES, PROSTAGLANDIN F2α AND GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2016-12-30) UPASANA RATNAKARAN; K.N. Aravinda Ghosh