DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PYOMETRA FOR RESTORING BREEDING EFFICIENCY
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Date
2018-05-09
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, MANNUTHY, THRISSUR
Abstract
A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic
protocols in the treatment of canine pyometra, based on clinical,
haematobiochemical, B-mode ultrasonographic and Doppler ultrasonographic
evaluation. Combination treatment using mifepristone @ 2.5mg/kg b. wt. bid
orally for five days, along with incremental doses of dinoprost from 10 to 50
µg/kg b. wt. tid; 48 h after initiation of mifepristone, till complete uterine
evacuation was superior for therapeutic management of canine pyometra in terms
of clinical recovery and future fertility. Haematology recorded anaemia,
leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia in patients with pyometra, which
resolved after treatment. Serum biochemistry revealed marginal rise in blood urea
nitrogen, high C-reactive protein and rise in progesterone values, which reduced
to normal by day 15 of treatment. Early reduction in progesterone was noticed in
cabergoline-based group. B-mode ultrasonography revealed uterine horn
distension with anechoic to hypoechoic contents and thickened wall, which
reduced to normal by day 15 of treatment. Delay in uterine resolution was noticed
in cabergoline-based group. Doppler ultrasonography revealed increased uterine
blood flow velocity (peak systolic velocity: 0.69 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.07; end
diastolic velocity: 0.27 ± 0.02 to 0.31 ± 0.01) and decreased resistive index (0.59
± 0.04 to 0.62 ± 0.06), which returned to normal after treatment. Bacteriological
isolates from anterior vagina revealed E. coli (52.63 %), followed by
Staphylococcus spp. (37.74 %), Streptococcus spp. (5.66 %) and Pseudomonas
(3.77 %). Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were sensitive to amikacin,
whereas Staphylococcus spp was most sensitive to ceftriaxone-tazobactam.
Streptococcus spp. was 100 per cent sensitive to cephalosporin. Hyper-salivation
was the most common side effect of prostaglandin treatment, exhibited in 31.25
per cent of dogs. Time taken for complete uterine evacuation varied between 5.88
± 0.40 and 8.25 ± 0.73 days, with more in cabergoline-based group. Fertility
studies revealed better cyclicity and conception in 75 and 66.67 per cent,
respectively of mifepristone-dinoprost combination treated dogs, whereas overall
cyclicity and conception was 68.75 and 54.55 per cent, respectively. Overall
recurrence of 28.13 per cent was recorded after medical treatment with minimum
recurrence (12.5 %) in mifepristone-dinoprost treated dogs.
Description
Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics