Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 1230

Open Access
Evaluation of advanced wheat lines for stripe rust resistance and grain quality
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Bhawna; Bhawna; Yadav, Neelam R.; Yadav, Neelam R.
Biofortification of staple foods like wheat without any yield penalty is of utmost importance. Advanced lines introgressed with Gpc-B1 allele were used in the study. The Gpc-B1 allele co-segregated with Yr36 yellow rust resistance gene in all the advanced lines. All WH711-derived advanced wheat lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele. Seven advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8-3, WL-8-5, WL-8-6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8) were confirmed for Yr18 while six advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8- 6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8, WL-8-9) were positive for Yr17 gene. All five PBW343-derived advanced lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele presence. Three advanced lines (PL-8-2, PL-8-3, PL-8-4) displayed the presence of the Yr18 gene. Two advanced lines (Pl-8-3, PL-8-5) confirmed presence of the Yr17 gene. All the advanced wheat lines derived from WH711 as well as from PBW343 displayed very high levels of resistance against yellow rust and better agronomic characteristics than the parents. Positive correlation was observed in yield and yield related traits. The hectoliter weights of PBW343-derived lines indicated their superiority in terms of good flour recovery than PBW343 and comparable to the checks. WH711- and PBW343- derived advanced wheat lines show better gluten quality and high quantity in sedimentation test. Gpc-B1 allele introgression provided high GPC in WH711 derived advanced wheat lines. Iron and zinc contents of both WH711-derived and PBW343-derived advanced wheat lines were at par when compared to either parent and checks, indicating successful bio fortification of both micronutrients. Two of the WH711-derived lines are being further tested in IPPSN/station trials.
Open Access
―Phenotypic and molecular characterization of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 F5 and backcross generations for salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell”
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Saini, Pooja; Yashveer, Shikha
Soil salinity is emerging environmental stress that reduces rate of germination, delays emergence and affects almost all stages of growth and development of wheat plants which ultimately leads to reduction in grain yield of crop.The present investigation focused on phenotypic and molecular characterization of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)genotypes of F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations derived from HD 2967 X Kharicha 65 for salinity tolerance on the basis of presence of both Nax loci and their agronomic performance at salt stress level 8 dS/m. A total of 92 plants confirmed the presence of Nax1 locus at a band size of 210 bp consisting of 16 F5, 41 BC1F3, 9 BC2F2 and 27 BC3F1, a total of 53 plants confirmed the presence of Nax2 locus at a band size of 225 bp comprising of 6 F5, 35 BC1F4, 8 BC2F3 and 4 BC3F1.Overall, plants comprising of 6 F5,26 BC1F4, and 4 BC3F1 of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65were found to have both the Nax loci. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations, 56 high yielding plants were selected for genotyping using polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 180 SSR primers were used to study the polymorphism between parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65, out of which 27 SSR primers showed polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value in the studied genotyped ranged from 0.191 (xgwm480) to 0.425 (wmc3) with an average value of 0.339. Cluster tree analysis using NTSYS-pc software, F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 representing higher similarity with HD 2967. From above analysis, high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants were selected such as plant number 259Q3c, 271Q3c (F5); 202P9b, 303P2b and 202P3b (BC1F4); 241R2c and 243R1a (BC2F3); 25(3)1b and 24(1)1c (BC3F1) and these plants could be further backcrossed with the parent HD 2967 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.
Open Access
Performance evaluation of tractor drawn straw reaper for paddy straw
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Ujala; Saroha, Anil
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the leading and widely cultivated cereal crops in the world. India has the world‟s largest area under rice with 43 million ha and is the second largest producer next only to China with production of 104 million tonnes during 2015-16. The productivity of rice was around 24q ha-1 during the agricultural year 2015-16 (Anonymous, 2017). The tractor drawn paddy straw reaper was evaluated at farmers field in Ludas village of Hisar district for optimization of machine parameters viz., cylinder speed (550, 750 and 950 rpm), forward speed (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 km h-1) and crop parameter viz., straw moisture content (20.4 to 49.5 %) in relation to field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption, straw size, straw recovery and straw split percentage for paddy varieties Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44. For the paddy variety Pusa-1121 the field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and power consumption at optimum conditions were 0.23 ha h-1, 66.37%, 5.33 l ha-1 and 21.82 kW, respectively. The straw size, straw recovery and straw split at optimum condition were 3.30 cm, 65.11 % and 89.11 %, respectively. Similarly for paddy variety Pusa-44, the field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and power consumption at optimum conditions were 0.20 ha h-1, 59.45%, 5.67 l ha-1 and 23.70 kW, respectively. The straw size, straw recovery and straw split at optimum condition were 3.46 cm, 62.89 % and 86.23 %, respectively. Moisture content of 20.4-20.8 per cent, forward speed of 1.5 km h-1 and cylinder speed of 950 rpm was found optimum for paddy varieties Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44. The cost of operation was Rs 5190 ha-1and Rs 6112 ha-1 in Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44 variety, respectively. The machine was found economically feasible for the farmer‟s.
Open Access
Establishment of minimum performance standard of prominent agricultural machinery based on test reports
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Maan Singh; Jain, Mukesh
A study was conducted to establish minimum performance standard (MPS) of selected agricultural machinery based on test reports collected from Deptt. of FMPE, COAE&T and FMT&TI, Hisar. The data was collected for the analysis and MPS was formulated by frequency distribution using MS-Excel Add-In. To determine the mean of individual parameter, corresponding values of the most occurring frequency (about 50 % of the frequency) was only considered. The MPS suggested for tillage machinery are 6.50 cm, 14 cm, 0.23 ha h-1, 76 %, 3.0 l h-1, 77 %, 11 kW and 817 mm for min. depth of cut, min. depth of puddle, min. area covered per metre of working width, min. field efficiency, max. fuel consumption per metre of working width, min. puddling index, max. PTO power requirement per metre of working width and nominal closed length of drive shaft of rotavator; respectively. for disc harrow, 8 cm, 0.43 ha h-1, 70 %, 3.0 l h-1, 213 kg-f and 4.0 kW for min. depth of cut, min. area covered per metre of working width, min. field efficiency, max. fuel consumption per metre of working width, max. draft per metre working width and max. drawbar power per metre working width of disc harrow; respectively. for cultivator, 9 cm, 0.41 ha h-1, 75 %, 2.0 l h-1, 244 kg-f and 3.4 kW for min. depth of cut, min. area covered per metre working width, min. field efficiency, max. fuel consumption per metre working width, max. draft per metre working width and max. drawbar power per metre working width of cultivator, respectively. In sowing and planting machinery MPS suggested are 50 %, 6 & 8 cm, 6 & 8 cm, 5 & 10 mm, 0.12 %, 0.27 ha h-1, 71 %, 1.40 l h-1, 98 kg ha-1, 118 kg ha-1, 1.0 kW, 189 kg-f and ± 20 & ± 24 % for seeding uniformity, min. and max. depth of seed, min. and max. depth of fertilizer, min. and max. seed spacing, max. mechanical damage of seed, min. area covered per metre working width, min. field efficiency, max. fuel consumption per metre working width, min. seed rate, min. fertilizer rate, max .drawbar power per metre working width, max. draft per metre working width, max. variation in dropping of seed and fertilizer of zero till seed cum fertilizer drill, respectively and 8.5 & 9.0 cm, 8.5 & 10 cm, 30 & 40 cm, 0.24 ha h-1, 64 %, 0.60 l h-1, 1.7 kg ha-1, 53.8 kg ha-1, 0.80 kW, 71 kg-f and ± 0.60 & ± 0.80 % for min. and max. depth of seed, min. and max. depth of fertilizer, min. and max. seed to seed distance, min. area covered per metre working width, min. field efficiency, max. fuel consumption per metre of working width, min. seed rate, min. fertilizer rate, max. power drawbar per metre of working width, max. draft per metre of working width and max. variation in dropping of seed and fertilizer of Bt. cotton planter. Similarly, MPS have been suggested for other equipments/machinery like plant protection equipments, tractor operated VCR, straw reaper, paddy thresher and maize thresher. The MPS also includes safety and other requirements, material of construction etc. to be complied on.
Open Access
Ergonomic assessment and physiological cost analysis of power weeder
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Sonam; Jain, Mukesh
The experimental study on “Ergonomic assessment and physiological cost analysis of power weeder” was conducted in two crops i.e. cotton and sugarcane. The soil and environmental parameters were recorded at two different weeding intervals in cotton (40 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing) and sugarcane (30 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing) crop. The weeding efficiency and physiological parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature etc. was measured during the experiment. The machine parameters like actual field capacity and field efficiency were recorded. Physiological cost was estimated on the basis of Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Energy Expenditure Rate (EER). The maximum values of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were recorded to be 1.05 l/min and 1.09 l/min at forward speed of 2.09 km/h in cotton and sugarcane crop, respectively. The maximum energy expenditure rate (EER) was recorded at highest speed of operation i.e. 2.09 km/h and it was 22.8 kJ/min in cotton field and 21.9 kJ/min in sugarcane field. Vibration was highest at x-axis of left handle i.e. 13.3 m/s2 in cotton and 13.7 m/s2 in sugarcane at highest speed of operation i.e. 2.09 km/h. The highest weeding efficiency recorded was 82% (second weeding) in cotton and 87% (second weeding) in sugarcane. Total dust particle concentration was highest at maximum speed of operation. Particles ranging between 10 μm and 32 μm had highest concentration in the environment which was 14527.1 μg/m3 during weeding operation in cotton crop and 14894.7 μg/m3 in sugarcane crop which was more than the prescribed limit of 100 μg/m3 according to the standards given by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of India. Noise level ranged between 62 dB to 74 dB and it was highest at highest speed i.e. 2.09 km/h. The maximum heart rate recorded during weeding operation was 156 beats per min in cotton field whereas in sugarcane field it was found 151 beats per min after 30 minutes of operation. The cost of operation was calculated to be Rs. 287 per hour and Rs. 2662 per hectare. The maximum body temperature attained during the experiment was found to be approx. 98.8 ºF in both the crop i.e. cotton and sugarcane. The maximum systolic blood pressure recorded was 134 mm/Hg in cotton and 135 mm/Hg in sugarcane crop at a forward speed of 2.09 km/h after 30 minutes of operation.
Open Access
Study on the effect of different types of nozzle for foliar application of urea solute
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-07) Pawan Kumar; Patel, Bharat
Foliar application of urea solute is the most efficient practice of fertilizer application for maximum nitrogen uptake by plants. A study was conducted to see the effect of air induction nozzles for deposition of urea solute as a foliar application on cotton crop. The air induction nozzles where an internal venture creates a negative pressure inside the nozzle body. Air is drawn into the nozzle through two holes in the nozzle side, mixing with the spray liquid. The emitted spray contains large droplets filled with air bubbles (similar to a candy malt ball) and virtually no fine, drift-prone droplets. Three types of nozzle i.e. conventional solid cone nozzle, air induction hollow cone nozzle, air induction flat fan nozzle were used in the study. Nozzles were evaluated on patternator in laboratory at three different liquid pressure (3 kg/cm2, 4 kg/cm2 and 5 kg/cm2), three nozzle spacing (650 mm, 700 mm, 750 mm) and three nozzle height (530 mm, 545 mm and 560 mm). The maximum swath for two air induction flat fan nozzle 750 mm apart was observed as 1296 mm with 16.69% CV at a liquid pressure of 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height of 560 mm. In case of air induction hollow cones nozzle the maximum swath was achieved as 1200 mm with 15.78% CV at nozzles spacing of 700 mm, liquid pressure 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height 530 mm and for conventional solid cone nozzle with 12.70% CV maximum swath observed as 1104 mm for two nozzles at nozzle spacing of 700 mm, liquid pressure 3 kg/cm2 and nozzle height 530 mm. These nozzles were evaluated in field conditions for the combination of operating parameters at maximum swath with a minimum coefficient of variation (CV) to their effect in terms of spray deposition. Nozzles are evaluated in field on parameters finalised in laboratory. Number median diameter of air induction hollow cone nozzle and air Induction flat fan nozzle were significantly (p=0.00864) more as compared to knapsack nozzle and solid cone nozzle on the upper and bottom side of leaves at top, middle and bottom level of cotton plant and also NMD due to leaf position on cotton plant (p=0.00137) was significant at 5% level of significance. For VMD due to nozzle type is not significance at 5% level but for leaf position VMD is significant at 5%level. Air induction flat fan nozzle has lowest uniformity coefficient 2.63 among all the nozzles. Area covered by droplets in case of air induction flat fan nozzle was significantly (p=0.024) higher than air induction hollow cone nozzle, solid cone nozzle and knapsack sprayer nozzle at top, middle and bottom level on upper and under side leaves of plant canopy respectively at 5% level of significance. The statistical analysis showed that air induction flat fan nozzle was significantly (p=0.01406) higher volume of spray deposition than air induction hollow cone and conventional knapsack nozzle at 5% level of significance.
Open Access
Investigations on endophytic bacteria for management of downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Sangwan, Pooja; Kushal Raj
Pearl millet is a valuable staple food in semi-arid regions of the world. Pearl millet is affected by many diseases among them, downy mildew incited by oomycetes pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is the most widespread and destructive disease of pearl millet. Endophytes play an important role in metabolism and physiology of the host plants. They provide multifarious benefits such as growth promotion, suppression of pathogens and nitrogen fixation. In the present study, roots and stubbles were collected from sick plot area of Bajra Pathology after the harvest of the pearl millet crop during Kharif 2016 and 2017. A total of 30 pearl millet root bacterial endophytes (PMRBE1- PMRBE 30) were retrieved from crushed roots of pearl millet streaked on Nutrient agar plates. Ten endophytic bacterial isolates were retrieved from roots of kharif 2016 crop and other twenty isolates from roots of kharif 2017 crop. All endophytic bacterial isolates were assessed for biocontrol activities. Amongst 30 pearl millet root bacterial endophytes, sixteen isolates were positive for siderophore production, three isolates viz. PMRBE6, PMRBE25 and PMRBE28 were found positive for HCN production, 30% of the bacterial endophytes showed good growth on ACC supplemented plates and cellulolytic activity was found in bacterial endophyte PMRBE18. The isolates PMRBE1, PMRBE4, PMRBE5, PMRBE6, PMRBE7 PMRBE17, PMRBE18, PMRBE20, PMRBE23 and PMRBE24 which showed maximum germination, seedling vigour index I & II and germination speed of three pearl millet cultivars HHB226, HHB67 Imp and 7042 S under in vitro conditions were selected for seed treatment as well as for foliar spray under screen house and field conditions. Amongst various pearl millet root bacterial endophytes, maximum germination, minimum downy mildew incidence at 30 and 60 DAS, better growth and yield of pearl millet cultivars were found on treatment with isolate PMRBE6, PMRBE18 and PMRBE23. On the basis of biochemical characterization and partial 16S rRNA sequencing pearl millet root bacterial endophytic isolates PMRBE6, PMRBE18 and PMRBE23 were identified as Bacillus subtilis strain PD4 (Accession no. MN400209), Serratia sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis strain HX2016003 (Accession no. MN400208). Promising root endophytes may be used for IPM of downy mildew in pearl millet after field trials.
Open Access
Optimization of seed rate for late sown wheat genotypes
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-07) Nasrullah; Dhaka, A. K
A field experiment entitled “Optimization of seed rate for late sown wheat genotypes” was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was comprised of three wheat genotypes viz. WH 1124, HD 3059 and DBW 90 as main plot treatments and five seed rates viz. 100.0 kg/ha, 112.5 kg/ha, 125.0 kg/ha, 137.5 kg/ha and 150.0 kg/ha as sub plot treatments. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. Based on the one year research investigation it was concluded that genotypes and seed rates significantly affected growth, yield attributes and yield of late sown wheat. Among genotypes, WH 1124 was found most suitable and economical wheat genotype for late sown condition, which was recorded with significantly higher biological yield (11858 kg/ha), grain yield (4843 kg/ha), effective tillers/mrl (85.2), grains per spike (53.5), boldest grain (38.7 g), LAI at 90 DAS (4.54), dry matter accumulation/mrl (153.4 g), plant height (98.2 cm), net returns (Rs. 52735/ha) and B: C (1.68) at harvest. Among seed rates, highest seed rate of 150 kg/ha was found optimum to obtain higher yield and economical performance for late sown wheat. Yield attributes except effective tillers/mrl were reduced significantly with increase of seed rate from 100 – 150 kg/ha. Seed rate of 150 kg/ha being statistically at par with 125 and 137.5 kg/ha was recorded with significantly higher biological yield (11900 kg/ha), grain yield (4909 kg/ha), effective tillers/mrl (86.5), LAI at 90 DAS (4.50), dry matter accumulation/mrl (153.6 g), plant height (98.4 cm), net returns (Rs. 52906/ha) and B: C (1.68) at harvest, which were 6.2, 9.7, 9.1, 23.0, 8.8, 3.6, 18.9 and 6.3 per cent higher over 100 kg/ha seed rate, respectively. So, wheat genotype WH 1124 should be sown with a seed rate of 150 kg/ha to obtain maximum yield and economics in late sown condition.
Open Access
DEVELOPMENT AND POPULARIZATION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS USING SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) ROOT POWDER
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) PRIYANKA RANI; Varsha Rani
This study was conducted to analyse the nutritional composition of shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder (SRP); to develop products by adding shatavari root powder and their sensory and nutritional evaluation and to popularize the shatavari root powder based value added products among adolescent girls and women. In present study, blanching of shatavari roots was done at 80ºC temperature for 3 minutes to reduce bitterness and to retain the maximum amount of saponins. It was observed that blanched powder had better taste. The blanched SRP contained 11.66 and 8.02 per cent of crude fiber and ash, respectively. The content of total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar in blanched SRP was 24.36, 3.46 and 20.90 per cent, respectively. The blanched SRP contained 6.08, 12.67 and 18.75 per cent of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, respectively. Total calcium, iron and zinc was found to be 103.24, 26.85 and 1.96 mg/100g, respectively in blanched SRP. Laddoo, halwa, panjiri, sweet and sweet & salty biscuits, muffins with or without egg, instant halwa mix and instant muffin mix were prepared by adding 5, 10 and 15 per cent of blanched SRP while instant shatavari mix was prepared by mixing 20, 30, 40 and 60 per cent of SRP with ground sugar. All the developed products were found acceptable by the panellists and were adjudged between ‘liked moderately’ to ‘liked very much’. The contents of crude fat and crude protein were found to be decreased whereas the contents of crude fiber and ash were found to be increased in various products upon addition of SRP. The content of sugars, dietary fiber, DPPH-RSA, calcium, iron and zinc were increase and starch content was decreased in all type of products upon addition of SRP. The sensory score of stored products decrease gradually with increase in storage period, however all the products were found acceptable. The fat acidity and peroxide value increased gradually with increase in storage period however the values were found within the acceptable level. Average knowledge scores of respondents on various aspects of shatavari root powder were increased (P=0.05) significantly among the respondents after four days of training exposure

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Rating Count

Search Results