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Open Access
Effect of nipping and spacing on seed yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Shubham; Makhan Lal
Open Access
Effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on seed yield and quality of kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Sapra, Love; Tehlan, S.K.
The experiment entitled Effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on seed yield and quality of kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) was conducted at Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi season of 2018-19. The investigation comprising of four different seed rate and three nitrogen level was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications with a plot size of 3.0 x 2.4 m. The uppermost value for plant height, pod length, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index I, seed vigour index II were recorded with seed rate of 7.5 kg/ha. However, seed rate of 12 kg/ha took minimum number of days to 50% flowering and to maturity. Biological yield, harvest index and seed yield were recorded highest with seed rate of 10.5 kg/ha which was at par with seed rate of 9.0kg/ha. Different nitrogen level had a significant effect on growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. The maximum value for plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod, biological yield, test weight, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index I and vigour index II was recorded with nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha. The number of branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, seed yield, harvest index and standard germination percentage attained utmost with 40 kg/ha while days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity recorded highest with 20 kg/ha. Interaction of various seed rates with different nitrogen levels results remarkable variation for growth, seed yield and seed quality parameters. Significantly higher values were recorded for plant height at maturity, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight, standard germination percentage and seedling length with treatment combination N3S1, i.e. seed rate 7.5 kg/ha and nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha. The treatment combination N2S1, i.e. seed rate 7.5 kg/ha and nitrogen dose of 40 kg/ha, was found to be best with respect to number of branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of pods per plant. The seed yield and harvest index were recorded utmost at N2S3 i.e. nitrogen dose of 40 kg/ha and seed rate of 10.5 kg/ha which was at par with N2S2 i.e. 40kg N/ha and seed rate of 9.0 kg/ha. Whereas, biological yield was utmost at N3S3 i.e. nitrogen dose of 60 kg/ha and seed rate of 10.5 kg/ha. However the days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index I and II interacted non-significantly with interaction of nitrogen and seed rate.
Open Access
Variability studies for growth, yield and quality characters of tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Vidya R.; Batra, V.K.
The present investigation entitled “Variability studies for growth, yield and quality characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)” was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during a spring-summer season of 2018.The study material comprised of genetically diverse thirteen tomato genotypes which were evaluated in randomized block design and. The genotypes were taken from IIVR Varanasi in All India coordinated research project and traits were evaluated on the basis of plant height, number branches, days to 50% flowering, number of trusses per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per truss, number of fruits per plant, leaf area index, marketable yield, average fruit weight, equatorial and polar diameter of fruit, number of locules per fruit, pericarp thickness of fruit, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid content ,chlorophyll a:b ratio, test weight of seed and days to first harvest, which differentiate the tomato genotypes. Analysis of variance studies indicated a significant difference among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. Genetic variability studies showed high PCV and GCV values for number of branches per plant (23.54 and 23.93), pericarp thickness (15.42 and 16.46) and acidity(14.79 and 15.8), indicating that a greater amount of genetic variability was present for these characters and thus, there is greater scope for further improvement by genetic manipulation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for marketable yield (98.08 %), days to 50% flowering (97.80), plant height at 90 days after transplanting (97.75%), number of fruits per plant, number of branches per plant, total soluble solids number of locules per fruit, which indicated that these traits were under the strong influence of additive gene action, and hence, simple selection based on phenotypic performance would be more effective. The total yield per plant had positive and highly significant correlation with the number of branches per plant (0.813 and 0.798), number of flowers per cluster (0.872 and 0.837), number of trusses per plant (0.861 and 0.716), number of fruits per truss , number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, number of locules per fruit, ascorbic acid and days to first harvest at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. It indicated that the improvement in these traits leads to an increase in total yield. The highly positive direct effect on total yield was shown by The characters leaf area index, number of flowers per cluster, number of trusses per plant, number of fruits per truss, polar diameter of fruit, pericarp thickness of fruit, total soluble solids, chlorophyll a:b ratio and days to first harvest, suggested that direct selection based on these characters would result in higher breeding efficiency for improving the yield in tomato.
Open Access
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality attributes in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Garg, Vaibhav; Bora, Lila
The present experimental study was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality attributes in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Regional Research Station, Karnal during summer season of 2018-19 in Split-Plot Design. The findings showed that the application of 100% RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha) resulted in the highest performance on germination percentage (87.78%), plant height on 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAP (16.58, 24.93, 34.41 and 34.85 cm, respectively), root dry weight (55.35 g) and shoot dry weight (15.34 g) as compared to other fertilizer levels. Among organic manures, vermicompost at 10 t/ha resulted in the highest performance on germination percentage (81.38%), plant height on 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAP (15.78, 24.61, 33.43 and 33.82 cm, respectively) and root dry weight (49.09 g). For yield attributes, integrated application of vermicompost at 10 t/ha with 100% RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha) was observed best and showed the highest value for number and weight of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant closely followed by the treatment FYM at 20 t/ha with 100% RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha). Yield per hectare (177.92 q) was maximum in the treatment FYM at 20 t/ha with 100% RDF (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha) closely followed by the treatment FYM at 20 t/ha with 75% RDF at 75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg/ha (171.56 q) and vermicompost at 10 t/ha in combination with 100% RDF at 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha (169.10 q).The highest values for quality attributes, viz.,dry weight of rhizomes, moisture content and curing percentage were registered with the fertilizer dose of 100% RDF at 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha closely followed by 75% RDF at 75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg/ha. Significantly better rhizomes quality in turmeric crop was observed for the application of FYM at 20 t/ha. The highest net income (Rs. 1,71,436/ha) was achieved from the treatment FYM at 20 t/ha with 100% RDF at 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha, while the maximum benefit to cost ratio (1.78) was recorded with vermicompost at 5 t/ha with 100% RDF at 100:50:50 NPK kg/ha.
Open Access
In vitro propagation and genetic fidelity testing in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Tejinder Singh; Panghal, V.P.S.
The present experimental study was conducted to standardize an efficient protocol for rapid multiplication of two important cultivars (Kufri Pushkar and Kufri Ganga) and to check genetic fidelity using molecular markers. The findings showed that the surface sterilization with 0.2% Bavistin + 0.4% streptocyclin for 45 minutesfollowed by 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 60 seconds was optimum for in vitro culture establishment and maximum survival percentage. In cv. Kufri Pushkar,the minimum number of days (3.3) required for bud initiation and highest number of buds/explant (3.6) were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.25 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l KIN, while, in cv. Kufri Ganga, 3.2 days were required for bud initiation and 3.4 buds were obtained on the same medium. Maximum number of shoots/explant (4.4) were recorded when auxins were used in combination with cytokinins at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l BAP in cv. Kufri Pushkarand 4.7 shoots per explant were observed in cv. Kufri Ganga. Number of days required for root initiation (2.3) was recorded to be minimum on rooting medium consisting of MS medium+2.5 mg/l NAA and MS medium + 1.5 mg/l NAA in cv. KufriPushkarand 2.2 days in cv. Kufri Ganga. Maximum number of roots/explant (14.0) were observed on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l IBA in cv. Kufri Pushkarwhile 14.2 number of roots were recorded in cv. Kufri Ganga on 21th day of subculturing. Maximum 100 % rooting was observed in all MS media supplemented with different concentrations of auxins. The highest survival per cent (100%) of in vitro raised plants was recorded in potting media containing cocopeat, perlite and vermiculite in 3:1:1 ratio in both the cultivars. In vitro raised plants were assessed for genetic fidelity by using twenty RAPD primers. Out of twenty primers screened, four primers produced amplification while sixteen primers did not show any results in both the cultivars Kufri Pushkar and Kufri Ganga.DNA banding pattern of all tissue culture raised plants and mother plant was found similar and monomorphic explaining that all the plants raised through tissue culture using shoot tips were true to type and genetically identical to the mother plant.
Open Access
Variability studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(CCSHAU, 2019) Mehta, Tanvi; Duhan, D.S.
The present investigation entitled “Variability studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)” was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during a spring-summer season of 2018.The study material comprised of genetically diverse 27 bitter gourd genotypes which were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes were taken from IIVR Varanasi and Department of Vegetable Science, CCSHAU, Hisar. These genotypes were evaluated on the basis of morphological traits like leaf shape, leaf pubescence, fruit neck, fruit skin colour, fruit shape in longitudinal section, shape of fruit at blossom end, shape of fruit at peduncle end and also on the basis of 16 quantitative characters viz., days to 50% germination, number of primary branches, days to first male flower opening, days to first female flower opening, nodes to first male flower, nodes to first female flower, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf blade, days to first fruit harvest, length of fruit (cm), diameter of fruit (cm), vine length at the time of final harvest (m), weight of 100 seeds (g), number of fruits per vine and fruit yield per vine (kg). Analysis of variance studies exhibited highly significant variation among all the genotypes for all the characters under study except nodes to first male flower, nodes to first female flower, leaf length (cm). High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values were recorded for the characters number of fruits per vine (26.41 and 26.64) and number of primary branches (22.50 and 23.14) suggesting a wider range of genetic variability present for these characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance was found in case of number of fruits per vine (95.18 and 53.96), number of primary branches (85.20 and 45.06), weight of 100 seeds (98.98 and 37.26), fruit yield per vine (96.64 and 31.03) showing strong impact of additive gene effect, encouraging direct selection of these traits for further use in yield improvement of bitter gourd. The fruit yield per vine in kg had positive and highly significant correlation with number of primary branches (0.662 and 0.627), leaf length (0.291 and 0.252), length of fruit (0.518 and 0.411) and diameter of fruit (0.495 and 0.389) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. It inferred that the improvement in these traits will directly lead to an increase in total fruit yield. Among all the 16 quantitative characters, eight characters showed positive direct effect on fruit yield per vine at genotypic level that is, number of fruits per vine (1.4136), nodes to first male flowering (0.5390), length of fruit (0.5376), days to 50% germination (0.4042), leaf blade (0.2574), days to first female flowering (0.0748), leaf length (0.0717) and days to first fruit harvest (0.0048). The genotypes viz., IC 85624 followed by HK 113, IC 85610, IC 85605 were found promising in terms of fruit yield and related traits which could be further utilized for future breeding programmes.
Open Access
Micropropagation and genetic fidelity testing in potato
(CCSHAU, 2019) Rout, Bichhinna Maitri; Bhatia, A.K.
The present experimental study was conducted to standardize an efficient protocol for rapid multiplication of two important cultivars (Kufri Neelkanth and Kufri Lima) and to check genetic fidelity using molecular markers. The findings showed that the surface sterilization with 0.2% Bavistin + 0.4% streptocyclin for 45 minutes followed by 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 55 seconds was optimum for in vitro culture establishment and maximum survival percentage. In cv. Kufri Neelkanth the minimum number of days (3.3 days) required for bud initiation and highest number of buds/explant (3.5) were in MS media fortified with 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l KIN while 3.2 days were required for initiation and 3.2 buds were formed in cv. Kufri Lima on the same. The maximum number of shootlets/explants (10.4) were recorded when auxins were used in combination with cytokinins at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l NAA + 0.25 mg/l KIN in cv. Kufri Neelkanth and 10.1 shootlets per explants were observed in cv. Kufri Lima. The number of days required for root initiation (2.1) were recorded to be minimum in rooting media consisting of MS medium+2.5 mg/l NAA in cv. Neelkanth and 2.2 days in cv. Kufri Lima. The maximum number of roots/explants (13.0) were observed when MS media fortified with 2.5 mg/l IBA in cv. Kufri Neelkanth while 12.6 number of roots were recorded on MS media fortified with 2.0 mg/l IBA in cv. Kufri Lima. Maximum 100 % rooting was observed in all MS media supplemented with different concentrations of auxins. The highest survival per cent (100%) of in vitro raised plants was recorded in potting media containing cocopeat, perlite and vermiculite in 3:1:1 ratio in both the cultivars. In vitro raised plants were assessed for genetic fidelity by using twenty RAPD primers. Out of twenty primers screened, two primers produced amplification while eighteen primers did not show any amplification in cv. Kufri Neelkanth whereas four primers produced amplification while sixteen primers did not show any amplification in. cv. Kufri Lima. DNA banding pattern of all tissue culture raised plants and mother plant was found similar showing monomorphism explaining that all the plants raised through tissue culture using shoot tips were true to type or genetically identical to the mother plant.
Open Access
Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]
(CCSHAU, 2018) Jayanth S.; Makhan Lal
Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] also called white flower gourd or calabash gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Bottle gourd is monoecious, annual vine and the flowers are white, solitary, showy and open at later part of the day. The fruits are variable in shape and size and are highly nutritive. The production of hybrids in bottle gourd having large number of seeds per fruit is commercially viable and hence, facilitates its hybrid seed production. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in bottle gourd could increase the yield. Although, bottle gourd has a wide range of variability, very little attention has been given for its genetic improvement. The study entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina.) Standl.]” was carried out to assess the breeding value of parents by combining ability analysis using half diallel method and also to understand the usefulness of heterosis breeding. The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research farm of CCS HAU, Hisar during Spring-Summer and Rainy season of 2017. Six diverse parents were crossed in a half diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate fifteen F1 hybrids and were evaluated against two standard check hybrids (HBGH-35 and Pusa Hybrid-3). The observations were recorded on 23 different characters in bottle gourd. The ANOVA exhibited significant genotypic differences, showing considerable genetic variability among different genotypes. ANOVA for combining ability showed that the mean sum of squares due to general combining ability as well as specific combining ability were also highly significant for all the traits. The specific combining ability (sca) variances were greater than general combining ability (gca) variances and the ratio of gca/sca variances did not exceed unity, indicating the predominance of non-additive gene action for all traits. On the basis of mean performance and gca effects, the parents Punjab Komal followed by Pusa Naveen and Punjab Long were the best general combiners for both earliness and yield attributes. The extent of standard heterosis for fruit yield per hectare ranged from 0.53% to 125.58% over the check HBGH-35 while, that over Pusa Hybrid-3 ranged from 7.68% to 141.63%. However, based on the mean performance, standard heterosis and sca effects, the hybrids from the crosses Pusa Naveen×Punjab Komal followed by KBG-16×Pusa Samridhi and Pusa Samridhi×Punjab Komal were considered best in terms of number of fruits per vine, average weight of fruit (g), fruit yield per vine (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). These crosses were promising with respect to yield and its contributibg traits and thus, could be exploited for further effective selection and heterosis breeding to augment the yield potential of bottle gourd.
Open Access
Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal
(CCSHAU, 2018) Rahul; Phor, S.K.
The current investigation entitled “Heterosis and combining ability studies in brinjal’’ was undertaken to reproduce the information on the extent of heterosis, and to enlighten the combining ability effects of parents and hybrids using line x tester mating design. The experiment was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer and rainy season of 2017. 15 lines and 3 testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design to generate 45 F1 hybrids and were evaluated against standard hybrid (Punjab Sadabahar). The observations were recorded on 13 different characters in brinjal. The analysis of variance revealed that the genotype selected for the current investigations were having sufficient amount of genetic variability among the genotypes to carry out further genetic analysis. The analysis of variance for combining ability showing that the variances due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Among all the fifteen lines, the line HE -100 was found good general combiner for characters like plant height, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio, fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Similarly, among testers, BR-112 was best general combiner for plant height, days to first fruit harvest, fruit diameter, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q), HLB-12 found good combiner for number of braches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit length (cm), fruit length to fruit diameter ratio and number of fruits per plant, and H-8 tester found good combiner for only days to 50% flowering. On the basis of SCA effects, the top performing crosses were HE-104 x H-8 (50.09) and HE-105 x BR-112 (45.04) for fruit yield per plant (kg) and fruit yield per hectare (q). Highest heterotic value for fruit yield per plant were observed in cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (42.27%) followed by HE-100 x HLB-12 (40.97%), HE-106 x BR-112 (37.54%) and HE-101 x BR-112 (36.46%). Highest per se performance was recorded in the line HE-100 (440.46 q), tester HLB-12 (464.75 q) and cross combinations HE-100 x H-8 (505.51 q), HE-100 x HLB-12 (500.90 q) and HE-106 x BR-112 (488.70 q) yielded highest fruit yield per hectare in brinjal.

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