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Open Access
Status of macro and micro nutrient in soils of Kaithal and Siwan blocks, district Kaithal
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Shabnam; Rohtas Kumar
In order to evaluate soil fertility status of Kaithal and Siwan of district Kaithal, Haryana. hundred surface soil samples (fifty from each block) were randomly collected using GPS technique. In addition to this, plant samples (10% of soil samples) were also collected from the existing cropping pattern of both the blocks. The results revealed that the soils of both the blocks were normal to alkaline in nature, non-saline in nature, low to medium in organic carbon and sandy loam to loam in texture. The content of available N, P, K and S in Kaithal block was ranged from 109-249, 6-28, 85-415 and 8-660 kg ha-1 with mean value of 190.66, 14.86, 223.80 and 195.14 kg ha-1, respectively. The content of available N, P, K and S in Siwan block was ranged from 90-247, 6-29, 122-412 and 35-250 kg ha-1 with mean value of 191.40, 16.22., 259.72 and 146.44 kg ha-1, respectively. All the soils samples were found deficient in nitrogen and 14% of the soil samples were found deficient in phosphorous in both the blocks. In Kaithal block, 6% of the soil samples were found deficient in potassium whereas, in Siwan block only 2% soil samples were found deficient in potassium. In Kaithal block only14% samples for sulphur were found under deficient category.The DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn content in Kaithal block was ranged from 0.39-4.32, 0.90-15.40, 0.23-1.90 and 2.10-7.00 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 1.48, 7.10, 1.08 and 3.92 mg kg-1, respectively. The DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn content in Siwan block was ranged from 0.15-2.83, 1.30-17.50, 0.16-3.45 and 2.00-6.80 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 1.27, 7.75, 1.17 and 3.39 mg kg-1, respectively. The total N, P, K and S in soils of Kaithal and Siwan blocks was varied from 0.06-0.17 and 0.06-0.18% 187-720 and 187-688 mg kg-1, 1.01-2.10 and 1.02-2.10 % and 108-937 and 110-718 mg kg-1 with mean value of 0.11and 0.12 %, 504.19 and 413.32 mg kg-1, 1.50 and 1.43% and 330.22 and 359.38 mg kg-, respectively. The content of total Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn in Kaithal and Siwan blocks ranged from 53.10-101.65and 60.00-100.53, 771.25-1450.00 and 670.00-1425.00, 10.88-24.75 and 11.13-20.00 and 283.63-440.00 and 360.00-428.00 with mean value of 79.833 and 84.37, 1155.88 and 1053.76, 14.95 and 14.33 and 372.46 and 385.75 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean content of N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in plant sample was 1.72, 0.42, 0.95, 0.081, 35.4, 82.3, 7.5 and 83.1 %, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between the soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of soil.
Open Access
Influence of manganese supply on copper and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Khatera Qane; SANGWAN, P. S
This research was conducted to study the interactive effect of Zn and Cu on wheat yield and quality under low and sufficient supply of Mn besides its impact on Zn and Cu fractions. To achieve these objectives, a study was therefore undertaken in rabi 2020-21 on sand (Mn deficient) and sandy loam (Mn sufficient) soil in a screen house taking wheat (WH 1105) as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications and treatments comprised of Zn and Cu level each @ 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg kg-1 applied through ZnSO4 & CuSO4. Basal application of RD of N and P was supplied through urea and KH2PO4, respectively in solution form. Ten seeds of wheat were sown in each pot. Thinning was done to 4 plants pot-1 on 15th day of seeding and plants were allowed to grow up to maturity. At harvest, plant samples were collected for analysis. Besides this, a laboratory study was also undertaken to study the effect of Zn and Cu application on their fractions. For this study, post-harvest soil samples were collected from screen house experiment and analyzed for different Zn and Cu fractions. The results revealed that application of Zn significantly increased the grain yield as the values increase from 2.83 in control to 4.80 g pot-1 in low Mn soil while the same was from 3.99 to 5.99 g pot-1 in soil having adequate Mn content. The effects of Cu application indicated that in both the experimental soils, application of Cu increased the grain yield compared to respective controls. However, in both the soils, Zn and Cu application beyond 7.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1, respectively failed to give significant differences in yield. The Zn x Cu interaction was significant. The NP and K uptake values showed significant increasing trend with increase in either Zn or Cu dose. Higher grain and straw uptake values for Zn, Cu and Mn were recorded in Mn sufficient soil compared to Mn deficient soil possibly due to inherent soil fertility differences. Application of Cu or Zn showed a significant gain in protein and sedimentation value of wheat grain. Fractionation study of Zn and Cu revealed significant increase in majority of their fractions at higher levels and their different forms in experimental soils were in the Res-fraction (>50% each) & followed the order: Res->MN->Amor->Cry->CaCO3->Ex->Org-. The concentration of Zn & Cu in Ex-, OM- & CaCO3- fractions were found to be small in both the soils.
Open Access
Influence of long-term application of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties and wheat productivity under pearl millet-wheat cropping system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Manju Kumari; Sheoran, Sunita
An on-going long-term field experiment started since 1995 (Rabi) under pearl millet-wheat cropping system at research farm of department of Soil Science, CCS HAU was selected to study the effects of various combinations of organic manures and fertilizers on wheat productivity and soil properties. The plant and soil samples were collected after 25th cycles of pearl millet-wheat cropping system after the harvest of wheat crop. The results showed that application of organic manures (15 Mg FYM or 5 Mg poultry manure or 7.5 Mg pressmud ha-1) recorded relatively lower yield of wheat as compared to chemical fertilizers applied alone or in combination with organic manures. Irrespective of the treatments, soil EC, SOC, DOC, TOC, N, P, K, S and DTPA-extractable micronutrients were higher in surface soils as compared to sub-surface soils. Continuous addition of organic manures alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers for 25 years decreased the soil pH as compared to initial value (8.1). However, soil EC was increased. The SOC content of soil decreased from its initial value (0.39%) where half of recommended dose of NP fertilizers were applied. A significantly increase in SOC, DOC, TOC, carbon fractions, available N, P, K and S content was observed with integrated nutrient management practices as compared to organic manures or chemical fertilizers applied alone. Application of organic manures alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers could not sustain the initial level of N (196 kg ha-1) after continuous cultivation of pearl millet-wheat cropping system for 25 years. Application of FYM15N150P30, poultry manure5N150P30 and pressmud7.5N150P30 increased available P content by 10.85, 17.39 and 23.46% for 0-15 cm soil depth and 14.44, 38.72 and 25.84% for 15-30 cm soil depth over FYM, poultry manure and pressmud, respectively. The available K content in soil varied from 340.5 to 761.2 and 213.7 to 479.3 kg ha-1 for 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth, respectively, among various treatments. The highest MBC, MBN and enzymes activity was observed with application of organic manures alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers over chemical fertilizers applied alone. The integrated use of organic manures and fertilizers proved crucial for soil health, nutrients availability and crop productivity under pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence.
Open Access
Evaluation of leaf colour chart as nitrogen management tool for Basmati Rice
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Satender Kumar; Dev Raj
The suitability of PAU-LCC for N management in evolved Basmati rice (PB 1718) was evaluated at Research farm KVK, Panipat during kharif 2020 season. The investigation was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and eleven treatments viz. T1 Control, T2 RDF (30 kg N ha-1 basal + 30 kg N ha-1 21 DAT + 30 kg N ha-1 42 DAT), T3 Recommended PAU LCC practice (30 kg N ha-1 basal + need based N application @ 30 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 4 starting from 14 DAT), T4 30 kg N ha-1 at 14 DAT + need based N application @ 30 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 4 starting from 21 DAT, T5 30 kg N ha-1 at 21 DAT + need based N application @ 30 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 4 starting from 40 DAT, T6 18 kg N ha-1 at 14 DAT + need based N application @ 18 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 4 starting from 21 DAT, T7 18 kg N ha-1 at 21 DAT + need based N application @ 18 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 4 starting from 40 DAT T8 30 kg N ha-1 at 14 DAT + need based N application @ 30 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 3.5 starting from 21 DAT, T9 30 kg N ha-1 at 21 DAT + need based N application @ 30 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 3.5 starting from 40 DAT, T10 18 kg N ha-1 at 14 DAT + need based N application @ 18 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 3.5 starting from 21 DAT, T11 18 kg N at 21 DAT + need based N application @ 18 kg ha-1 when LCC value is below 3.5 starting from 40 DAT. The results of the experiment revealed that the yield and yield attributes like grain yield (4311 kg ha-1), straw yield (6203 kg ha-1), harvest index (43.11%) and number of tillers (246.7) was higher when nitrogen was applied according to recommended PAU-LCC band 4 (T3). Physiological parameter (Dry matter accumulation (DMA), CGR, RGR and chlorophyll content) was also affected by various nitrogen treatment, Highest mean value were recorded when N was applied as per PAU recommended LCC band 4 N management practice. The highest value of DMA (487.03 g m-2) was observed at harvesting stage, CGR was significantly higher (8.62 g g-1m-2) at 100 DAT, maximum RGR (0.181 g g-1day-1) was recorded at 21 DAT and maximum chlorophyll content was recorded at 45DAT. N content (1.17%) in plant was higher at 45 DAT compare to all other growth stage. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher (25.45 kg N ha-1 and 56.32% respectively as agronomic and recovery efficiency) in T3 treatment as compared to other treatments. The available N was increased from initial value to harvest stage but P and K was decreased over initial value to harvest stage. The ammonical- N content in soil was highest (48.26 kg ha-1) at 100 DAT in T11 while at harvest stage the maximum (60.66 kg ha-1) nitrate-N content in soil was received in T11. It was increased from initial stage to harvest stage but opposite trend was followed by ammonical-N in soil.
Open Access
Evaluation of different nutrient management practices in Bt. cotton and wheat under different planting system
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Yadav, Rajni; Goyal, Vishal
The present study was conducted to study the effect of different nutrient management practices under raised bed and flat bed planting system in Bt. cotton-wheat cropping system at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with two methods of planting (raised bed and Flat bed planting), three replication and five treatments viz. T1-control, T2- FYM @ 15 t ha-1, T3- FYM @ 15 t ha-1+ biofertilizer +cow urine based formulation, T4-STCR with TY 5.5/2.8 t ha-1and T5-STCR with TY 6.0/3.2 t ha-1 was applied in rabi and kharif season. The per cent deviations of grain yield in target yield treatments of STCR was within the range of ± 10 % which shows the validation of equations of STCR for targeted yields of cotton and wheat both in raised bed & flat bed system. The results of experiment revealed that bulk density of soil was decreased with the incorporation of organic matter both at surface (0-15) and sub surface (15-30) soil depths. The application of FYM alone or with cow urine based formulation and biofertilizer had increased the available N, P and K at surface and sub surface soil depth. The soil organic carbon, EC and micronutrients increased significantly with application of FYM alone or in combination with biofertilizer and cow urine based fertilizer. A decrease in soil pH was observed in the treatments where FYM was applied. Organic treatments (T2 & T3) showed highest bacterial population (6.92 to 7.51 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil), fungal population (24.63 to 26.80 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil) and actinomycetes population (7.27 to 7.66 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil). Application of FYM alone or combination with cow urine based formulation and biofertilizer & fertilizers had increased the soil MBC by 35 to 23 % & 72 to 42% as compared to control. The nutrient management practices showed an increase of 29 to 93, 9 to 35 and 17 to 43 % in the activity of dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphates enzyme and urease, respectively in different treatments over the control. Further, the microbial population, soil microbial biomass carbon, enzymatic activities, soil organic carbon and available nutrients were found to be more in raised bed system of planting as compared to the flat bed system. The high microbial (Mq), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and geometric mean of enzyme activity (GMenz) indices further showed the congenial eco-physiological condition for proliferation of microorganism in organic treatments. Specific enzyme activity w.r.t. SOC was worked out which showed that the specific urease and alkaline phosphatase were higher under inorganic treatments while specific dehydrogenase activity was higher for organic treatments which further showed the presence of more enzyme activity per unit of carbon and loss of organic carbon at a faster rate than enzyme activity.
Open Access
Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Anil Kumar; Garhwal, R.S.
The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 - N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15 K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40 cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28 Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55 % respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers. The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1, respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures. However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).
Open Access
Soil fertility and nutrient uptake by crops under different agroforestry systems in Haryana
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020) Dahiya, Garima; Bhardwaj, K. K
The present investigation entitled ―Soil fertility and nutrient uptake by crops under different agroforestry systems in Haryana‖ was conducted At the Research Farm, Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2018-19. Soil samples from different tree based system (Poplar + wheat, Eucalyptus + barley, Melia + wheat, Shisham + mustard) and sole cropping system (wheat, barley and mustard) were analyzed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Yield and nutrient uptake were recorded at maturity. Soil bulk density, pH, EC and DTPA extractable micronutrients were significantly influenced by tree based system, soil depth but soil texture was found non-significant. Poplar + wheat recorded maximum infiltration rate which was at par with Eucalyptus + barley, Melia + wheat and Shisham + mustard, whereas saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly higher under Eucalyptus + barley based agroforestry system. Poplar + wheat and Shisham + mustard agroforestry system (0.47%) showed higher amount for organic carbon than sole cropping. The available N, P and dissolved organic carbon were maximum under Poplar + wheat system while Melia + wheat recorded highest available K and total N as compared to sole crop treatments. With the incorporation of Poplar and Melia with wheat, organic carbon increased by 30.6 and 27.8%, respectively. Similarly, increment in organic carbon under Eucalyptus + barley and Shisham + mustard system was observed by 35.7 and 42.4%, respectively. The available nitrogen increased under Poplar + wheat, Eucalytpus + barley, Melia + wheat and Shisham + mustard under agroforestry system by 37.3, 40.0, 30.3 and 38.6%, respectively over sole crops. The Poplar + wheat and Melia + wheat significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon, urease, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity by 127.7; 101.9, 72.5; 63.4 and 69.8; 55.8, 65.2 and 49.8%, respectively over sole wheat crop. Yield of different crops decreased significantly and under Poplar + wheat and Melia + wheat, both grain and straw yield reduced by 10.6; 13.2% and 17.8; 16.3%, respectively as compared to sole wheat crop. Corresponding values were 5.0; 6.8% and 22.2; 20.0% under Eucalyptus + barley and Shisham + mustard agroforestry system, respectively. The nutrient uptake differed significantly with higher uptake under sole crop treatments. All chemical properties except soil EC and Cu are significantly correlated with each other. The soil pH was found to be negatively correlated with all the chemical properties. Hence it may be concluded that agroforestry system enhanced soil organic carbon, available macro and micro nutrients, improved the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In comparison to this, the yield and nutrient uptake was reduced under different agroforestry system as compared to sole crops.
Open Access
Effect of Organic farming of Sugarcane on physico-chemical properties of the soil, cane and sugar yield
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-06) Parveen; Arora, Vijay
Open Access
Nutrient management to enhance productivity and nutrient use efficiency under widely spaced sugarcane crop
(CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2021-09) Kamboj, Ankush; Khokhar, Kiran K
A field experiment entitled "Nutrient Management to Enhance Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency under Widely Spaced Sugarcane Crop" was conducted during the year 2020-21 atRegional Research Station (Uchani), Karnal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University (India). The experiment consisted of two main treatments along with four sub plot treatments was laid out in split plot design with three replications and plot size was 8.4m x 6.8m. The eight treatment combinations were the two main plot B1 (Broadcast) and B2(band placement), and 4 subplots of split doses of Nitrogen and potassium i.e. (T1) Recommended dose of N and K in five splits (Basal 10% and remaining at 45, 75, 90 and 120 DAP), (T2) Recommended dose of N and K in six splits (Basal 10% and remaining at 45, 75, 90, 120 and 150 DAP), (T3) Recommended dose of N and K in seven splits (Basal 10% and remaining at 45, 75, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAP), (T4) Recommended dose and schedule of nutrient applications (Half of total N and full dose of P and K at planting and rest of the N at 45 and 90 DAP). Significantly higher cane yield (96.58 t ha-1) was reported with treatment which received RDF through band placement (B1) which was 8.01 % higher than treatment receiving RDF through broadcast method (B1) with which 88.84 t ha-1 cane yield was obtained. The higher(131.86 kg ha-1)values of available N were recorded in band placement (B2) compared to broadcast (B1) (125.73 kg ha-1) at the stages after 45 DAP upto harvest. The available K were higher (220.50 kg ha-1) in broadcast (B1) compared to band placement (B2) (214.60 kg ha-1) at all the time intervals upto harvest. No significant changes were recorded in the organic carbon content, pH, EC of soil. The juice quality parameters (Brix, Pol%, CCS%) and cane girth, number of internodes per cane length of internodes were not affected by band and broadcast method of fertilizer. Among the sub plots at 60 DAT, significantly higher plant height was recorded by T4 (100.41 cm). Significantlyhigher tiller population (110.59 000 ha-1 and 102.68 000 ha-1) was recorded with band placement of fertilizers both at 60 and 150 DAP compared to broadcasting (B1) of fertilizers. The band placement method of fertilizer application (B2) produced significantly higher NMC(100.79 000 ha-1 ) at time of harvesting.

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