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ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under normal and late sowing conditions(CCSHAU, 2018) Mohammad, Wasim; Mor, V.S.A study was conducted on ―Morpho-physiological characterization of wheat (Triticum a estivum L.) under normal and late sowing conditions‖ by applying 26 morphological qualitative and quantitative traits to characterize the 30 wheat genotypes. The qualitative traits like coleoptile colour, plant growth habit, auricle colour, flag leaf attitude, outer glume pubescence, shoulder width and shape were found to be most important diagnostic characters for genotype identification of wheat. There was no change in their state of expression with respect to change in the sowing time. The waxiness of ear, sheath, blade and peduncle were the supportive traits used for genotype identification. The phenol test was resulted in clear cut categorize genotypes into different groups on seed basis. The ranking of phenol test was found stable in seeds produced under both dates of sowing. The quantitative traits decreased significantly under late sown conditions as compare to normal sown condition. The clustering analysis was done on the basis of their traits which classified 30 wheat genotypes into nine distinct clusters under normal and late sown conditions. The schematic diagrams were made on the basis of morpho-physiological traits. The identification keys were developed to identify all the genotypes under study. Some genotypes had specific character through which they can be identified easily viz. WH 1322 have coleoptile colouration, WH 1025 have prostrate plant growth habit, C 306 have pale green foliage colouration, WH 1221 have very strong flag leaf waxiness on blade, PBW 550 have glume pubescence, WH 711 have lower glume: shoulder width and elevated shaller shape. The seed physiological traits resulted that the bold and vigorous seeds of all wheat genotypes with higher yield can be produced under normal sown conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of sowing dates and cuttings on seed yield and quality in oat (Avena sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2018) Digamber; Punia, R.C.Seed quality is a vital factor in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Oat is used in India both as feed and fodder. The non-availability of quality seeds of improved varieties is a crucial factor in popularization of fodder crop. Availability of viable and vigorous seed at the planting time is important for achieving targets of agricultural production because good quality seeds act as a catalyst for realizing the potential of other inputs. Keeping in view the seed quality, investigation was carried out in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2016- 17. The variety of oat used was HJ-8. Three different sowings were done on 6th Nov, 2016; 2nd Dec, 2016 and 2nd Jan, 2017 in order to study the effects of sowing dates, days to foliage cut after sowing and stubble height from ground level on seed yield and quality. The date of sowing have significant effect on seed yield and quality of oat. The maximum seed yield (13.8 q/ha) with better seed quality was found in normal sown crop D1 (6th November) followed by (11.4 q/ha) late sown crop D2 (2nd December). Low seed yield (5 q/ha) along with poor seed quality was observed in very late sown crop D3 (2nd January). One foliage cut at 65 DAS (Normal Sowing) and 50 DAS (Late Sowing) can be taken for getting additional fodder yield without affecting the seed yield and quality to a much extent. The stubble height from ground level should be left approximately 10 cm for better regeneration for better seed yield and quality for seed production.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of planting season on seed yield, yield components and seed quality in maize hybrids (Zea mays L)(CCSHAU, 2018) Nidhi; Bhuker, AxayFour maize hybrids produced during rabi and kharif seasons were evaluated for their performance for different viability, vigour and yield parameters viz. standard germination, seedling length, seed weight, seed density, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, accelerated ageing test, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium test, dehydrogenase activity test, catalase activity test, peroxidase test, lipid peroxidation test, protein content, field emergence index, seedling establishment, number of leaves, number of cobs, cob length, plant height, days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50% silking, number of seeds per cob and seed yield to assess the effect of planting season on seed yield, yield components and seed quality in maize hybrids. The rabi season produced seed showed superiority over kharif season for all the seed quality and yield parameters. Among the hybrids, HQPM-5 had the top rank for almost all the vigour, viability and yield parameters in both the seasons (rabi and kharif) indicating its superiority over other hybrids. Standard germination was found significantly and positively correlated with most of the seed quality parameters except electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation in both the seasons. Electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation was found significantly and negatively associated with most of the parameters recorded in laboratory and field. On the basis of correlation study, it can be concluded that the viability test like tetrazolium test, electrical conductivity test, dehydrogenase activity test, accelerated ageing test, catalase activity test and lipid peroxidation test can be used as reliable predictor of standard germination in maize and rabi season can be considered as a better option for the production of quality seed in maize in HaryanaThesisItem Open Access Seed quality enhancement through priming treatments in onion (Allium cepa L.)(CCSHAU, 2017) Gaganpreet Singh; Bhuker, AxayOnion seeds are micro-biotic in nature and loose the viability rapidly after harvest. If special precautions are not taken during storage, a serious problem in germination exists for the carry-over seed stocks. Fungicide treatments are discouraged due to toxic residues and development of resistance in pathogens. Hence, there is an urgent need for safer method of pathogen control through bio friendly compounds like chitosan, aloe vera, trichoderma and other growth regulators. So, the present study was planned to assess the seed quality by various priming treatments in onion. Significant enhancement in seed quality parameters was observed in all the treatments and maximum enhancement in germination was recorded in the seed hydrated with 100ppm GA3 followed by seed coated with aloe vera gel. In field condition aloe vera gel coated seed performed better and recorded maximum seedling establishment. All the treatment maintained the germination percentage above IMSCS after nine months except the seed treated with 100ppm chitosan. Lower concentration of chitosan i.e. 50ppm enhanced the seed quality parameters but as the concentration increases, it inversely affects the seed quality parameters. Same trend was also observed for other seed quality parameters viz. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices and electrical conductivity. The concentration of the primers also affected the seed quality parameters during storability. Hence, priming treatment should be given with optimum concentration in onion seed to maintain the seed quality during storage. It was concluded from the study that germination can be maintained above IMSCS in onion seed by treating seeds with GA3 100ppm & aloe vera when stored in plastic containers (700gauge) under ambient conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of seed treatments and containers on chilli and brinjal seed viability(CCSHAU, 2017) Malik, Sunil Kumar; Jakhar, S.S.The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to assess the effect of seed treatments and containers on chilli and brinjal seed viability. The material comprised of two varieties, one RCH-1 of chilli and other Hisar Shyamal-8 of brinjal, which were stored in different containers (metal box, cloth bag and plastic zipling bag) with fifteen fungicides (seed treatment) and control. All the treatments were evaluated for seed quality parameters viz. germination, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight, vigour indices (I and II), electrical conductivity and dehydrogenase activity. All the treatments showed better performance as compared to untreated control. It was found that use of flusilazole (2g kg-1 seed) in chilli and carbendazim (2g kg-1 seed) in brinjal proved superior as compare to other fungicides. Among containers, metal box was proved better followed by plastic zipling bag and cloth bag for storability of both the crops. Seed quality parameters found decreased with the passage of time in all the containers and fungicide treatments. Only one seed quality parameter i.e. electrical conductivity showed increased values with the progress of storage period. Among the fungicides, systemic proved better than combi fungicides.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of plant oils and biofungicides on seed borne pathogens of chilli and brinjal seeds(CCSHAU, 2017) Priya Reddy, Y. N.; Dahiya, O.S.Chilli and brinjal are important spice and vegetable crops in India and known to be suffered mainly by Colletotrichum capsici and Phomopsis vexans respectively. These pathogens cause damping off at seedling stage and fruit rot at maturity stage affecting the crop yield and marketability of the produce. Seed treatment with carbendazim or other chemical fungicides for control of these important diseases are already in vogue. However, use of these chemicals lead to residual toxicity, induced resistance to pathogens and environmental pollution. Hence, an attempt was made to identify eco-friendly natural measures like plant oils or biofungicides in place of carbendazim to control these diseases. Results revealed that the mycoflora including Colletotrichum capsici and Phomopsis vexans were controlled with the use of carbendazim (2 g kg-1 seed) and also equally with the neem oil treatment @ 5 ml kg-1 seed or Trichoderma viride @10 g kg-1 seed. Further, seedling parameters like seed germination, seedling growth, seedling vigour and disease control were high in infected seed treated with plant oils or biofungicides and were comparable to that of carbendazim treatment. Among the plant oils, neem oil was relatively better than carbendazim in controlling disease and improving the seedling parameters. Similarly, among the biofungicides, Trichoderma viride was better over the Trichoderma asperellum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and their combinations to control the disease and to enhance the seedling vigour. Hence, seed treatment with neem oil @ 5 ml kg-1 seed or Trichoderma viride @10 g kg-1 seed can be effectively used in place of carbendazim (2 g kg-1 seed) for chilli and brinjal to control diseases and also to achieve higher seedling vigour which leads to higher crop productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Maximization of seed yield and quality seed production in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2016) Srivastava, Shilpa; Mor, V.S.Seed quality plays an important role in the crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Keeping in view the seed quality, the experimental material for the present research comprised of two varieties of berseem viz. Wardan and Mescavi that were grown in three replications in factorial RBD to maximize the seed yield and quality. The last foliage cut was given on different dates to left the crop for seed production i.e., C1 (10th march), C2 (25th march) and C3 (9th april) and two foliar spray of micronutrients at initiation of flowering and 50% flowering were done in all cutting treatments. The investigation resulted that delay in the date of last foliage cut reduced the plant growth, seed yield and quality. The crop gave the maximum plant growth along with highest seed yield and quality after C1 which was followed by C2 and lowest performance was observed in C3. The application of 2% KNO3 and 100 ppm borax at the flowering in cutting treatments enhanced the plant growth, seed yield and quality followed by 2% KNO3 as compared to water (control). Mescavi variety was found to be a better seed yielder whereas; Wardan variety produced superior quality seeds.ThesisItem Open Access Cultivar identification in Soybean(CCSHAU, 2005) Ali, N.Mohammed; Verma, S.S.The present investigation comprised of 15 soybean cultivars. To substantiate results seed characters and biochemical test were studied in laboratory and plant morphological characters observed in the field. In seed characteristics hilum colour was most important for identification of off type plants. Among plant morphological characters hypocotyl colour, flower colour, pubescence colour and density were important qualitative traits in soybean cultivar identification and were highly stable and heritable. Growth habit, day to maturity, pod shape, seed shape, seed size, seed coat colour, stem termination type and pod colour too may be specific in expression and therefore, serve in identification of cultivars. Among biochemical characters peroxidase test was most important and not coincide with any other characters and not affected by the storability and quality of seed. The protein-banding pattern clearly differentiates the cultivars into different groups. In gradient gel more number of bands could identified than the single percentage gel. Studying the both morphological and biochemical characters either of the alone characters can’t differentiate the cultivars into clear-cut groups. Thus a combination of both morphological and biochemical characters are most important in identification of cultivars. By these characters an identification key could be developed for easy identification at any stage of seed multiplication. A minimum of three crop observations at seedling, flowering and maturity stages were critical for characterization of soybean cultivars on morphological characters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pickings on seed quality in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum)(CCSHAU, 2005) Sasan, Ashish Kumar; Duhan, J.C.Seed quality plays an important role in crop establishment and overall performance of the crop. Four picking stage viz. First, Second, Third, Fourth of the eight varieties/hybrids viz. AAH-1, HD-107, HD-123, HD-324, HHH-223, H-1098, H-1117, H-1226 of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum) were evaluated by various tests viz. Standard germination, Seedling length, Seedling dry matter, Vigour index-I, Vigour index-II, Dehydrogenase activity test, Electrical conductivity, Seed index, Seed density, Tetrazolium test in the Department of Seed Science and Technology at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2003-2004. The quality of second picking seed was found significantly better as comparision to other pickings in all varieties/hybrids except seed index which was observed superior in the first picking seed.AAH-1 in desi cotton and HHH-223 variety in American cotton were found superior in seed quality and storability as compare to other varieties. In desi and American cotton AAH-1 and HHH-223 in second picking were recorded significantly higher interaction effect as compared to other combinations (pickings/varieties). These seed lots of various pickings were accelerated aged at 42±1oC for 72 hrs. for predicting the storability. The storability of second picking seed was observed significantly better as comparison to other pickings in all varieties / hybrids. AAH-1 in desi cotton and HHH-223 variety in American cotton wee found superior in storability as compare to other variation.