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ThesisItem Open Access Gender Differentials Among Rural Households in Socio-Economic Perspective(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-07) Anju; Dahiya, RajeshPresent study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state in randomly selected two blocks. Total 180 rural households (i.e. 60 from each small, medium and large land holding category) from four villages selected randomly. A set of Independent variables and six dependent variables viz. sex ratio, education status, health status, economic participation, political/social participation and decision making were selected. Socio-personal and economic profile of the respondents revealed that most of the respondents were in 38-47 years age group belonged to general caste, illiterate having nuclear and small sized family, farming occupation, below 1 lakh annual income of head of household & above 4 lakh annual family income. Overall sex ratio was 760/1000, 842/1000 and 790/1000 across land holding category. Female school dropouts were more as compared to male, truancy and financial constraints were the main reasons for school dropout. Drudgery related problems were found more in females of small and medium land holding category whereas diabetes and heart diseases were reported in large land holding category. Out of 13 agricultural activities field preparation, irrigation, plant protection and marketing were done by majority of the male members whereas harvesting, threshing, picking and storage were done by female respondents and both irrespective of land holding category for economic contribution. Most of the animal husbandry activities like feeding, bedding, post parturition care, animal health, milking and milk products were done by majority of the females except breeding and marketing. Most of the decisions regarding education and career of children were taken by both male and female. Whereas decisions regarding most of the agricultural activities and animal husbandry activities were taken by males. Age, occupation of head of household, income of head of household, family occupation, size of family, total family income & social participation were positively correlated with health and education. Income of head of household and total family income were negatively and significantly associated with economic, social and political participation. Significant differences in economic participation of male and female were observed in different issues of agriculture and animal husbandry activities.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and adoption of paddy straw management techniques in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-05) Sihan, Preety; Ashok KumarThe present research was conducted in Sonipat and Karnal districts of Haryana state were selected purposively because both the districts were having large rice cultivated area and near to National Capital Region (NCR). Two blocks were selected randomly from each selected district i.eSonipat, Rai, Karnal and Nilokheri. Thirty farmers from each block were selected randomly for the research, possessing a total sample of 120 respondents. The specific objectives of the present research were i.) To assess the knowledge of farmers related to paddy straw management techniques. ii.) To study the adoption level of farmers towards techniques paddy straw management techniques. iii.) To identify the constraints perceived by the farmer in adoption of paddy straw management techniques. The data were collected through well-structured interview schedule. Eleven important independent variables, namely, age, education, socio-economic status, land holding, farm Implements, mass media exposure, extension contact, irrigation facilities, risk orientation, cropping system, soil health card and dependent variables, namely, knowledge, adoption and constraints perceived by the farmers in in adoption of paddy straw management techniques were selected for the research. The research revealed that majority of the farmers were associated to middle age category and having general caste, majority of the farmers were educated up to matriculation. Majority were engaged in farming used both submersible pump and canal as source of irrigation. Most of the farmers had medium socio-economic status, farm implements, mass media exposure, extension contact. Mostly farmers were belonged to low category of risk orientation The knowledge level of respondents regarding PSMT associated too high to medium level. Among the techniques of paddy straw domestic purpose,animal fodder, rotavator, happy seederwere well known and most of them adopted were domestic purpose,animal fodder,spreader/shrub master, super SMS (attached with Combine Harvester). Adoption level of farmers regarding PSMT belonged to low to medium level. The adoption was poor in regard to biochar, biomass plant , biofuel, raker, baler. Among the constraints perceived by the farmers revealed that field preparation, high cost of machinery used in management practices, required machinery is not available in the village or on rent, low price of paddy straw were at the top.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Attitude of Urban Consumer on Goods and Services Tax(CCSHAU, 2019) Darshna; Trar, Vandana VermaGoods and Service Tax was implemented on the notion of “One Nation, One Market, One Tax”.The present study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state purposively. Total 200 respondents were selected for the study. Results indicated that majority of the respondents were male and having below 30-41 years of age belonging to general caste and educated up to secondary level with medium family education status having nuclear type and small family size. Gain in knowledge, change in attitude about goods and service tax were assessed. Majority of the respondents had low knowledge and unfavorable attitude towards goods and service tax at pre-exposure stage. After the assessment of existing knowledge and attitude toward GST, a print media package of posters, charts, leaflets and handouts were prepared. The effectiveness of posters, charts, leaflets and handouts was assessed in different parameters. For of posters, charts, leaflets and handouts frequency and percentage and weighted means score were showed that title, clarity of printing/size of font, appropriateness of language, sequence, useful information, clarity of picture and understandability were perceived to be high for all the media. The media was exposed to 100 respondents who had low knowledge level and unfavorable attitude about goods and service tax at pre-exposure stage. The impact of print media was found to be highly significant for gain in knowledge and change in attitude of the respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that respondents had knowledge acquisition and favourable attitude towards goods and service tax after media exposure.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Embroidery and Tailoring trainings under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana(CCSHAU, 2019) Pooja Rani; Trar, Vandana VermaThe study was conducted to assess the “Impact of Embroidery and Tailoring trainings under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana”. A list of training partners and training centers were obtained from official website of nsdc.gov.in. Two training partners and six training centers were randomly selected who was imparting trainings on embroidery and tailoring. A total of 150 respondents were randomly selected from six training centers. Out of which 90 respondents were from tailoring training and 60 respondents were from embroidery training. Various socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables constitute the independent variables for the study and knowledge, attitude and adoption constitute the dependent variables for the study. Majority of the respondents were of 16 to 24 age group and educated up to matriculation. Majority of the respondents were female, from urban area and having medium family education status. Most of them belonged to nuclear family with up to 4 members, having monthly income around 30,000 to 40,000. Majority of the respondents were student and occupation of the family was farming. Majority of respondents were falling in high category of change proneness, medium in entrepreneurial motivation and risk orientation. Most of the respondents were having medium mass media exposure, localite sources of information utilization and cosmopolite sources of information utilization. Knowledge level regarding embroidery and tailoring techniques and general things was moderate to high. Overall satisfaction level towards training programme regarding subject matter, physical facility and quality of trainer was high. Attitude of the respondents regarding quality of training, embroidery trainings and tailoring trainings was high for all. Adoption level of the respondents regarding embroidery trainings and tailoring trainings was high for both. In constraints, lack of guidance and complicated procedure of obtaining from financial institution was the major problem of trainees, training centers and training partners.ThesisItem Open Access Perceived Impact of Social Media on Higher Secondary School Students(CCSHAU, 2019) Sanyogita; Kundu, PoonamSocial media has exploded as a category of online discourse where people create content, share it, bookmark it and network at a prodigious rate. Social media is fast changing the public discourse in society and setting trends and agenda in topics that range from the environment and politics to technology and the entertainment industry. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. It was a comparative study of rural v/s urban schools. For the present investigation four schools (two private and two government higher secondary schools) were selected from both the areas. From the selected schools XI and XII standard 40 students (both male and female) were selected randomly from respective schools. The sample comprised of 160 students, 160 parents and 25 teachers were selected randomly. Thus the total sample comprised of 345 respondents. Two separate well structured interview schedules were developed for data collection. The collected data were quantified and interpreted by using suitable statistical tools to draw meaningful inference. Personal profile of the students revealed that majority of the students were belonged to 17-18 years of age were male, studying in XII standard with arts as a major stream. Most of the students were fall under second ordinal position and had 2-3 numbers of siblings. Most of the parents were between 35-45 years of age group belonged to backward class and educated upto higher secondary level in both the schools. Both parents and students keep themselves updates with latest know and how through newspaper, television, mobile phones, and mobile with internet connections. Majority of the students were aware and utilizing social media such as facebook whatsapp, youtube, messenger and wikipedia and generally spent more than two hours on social media irrespective of their locale. Most of the students perceived the impact of the social media in terms of loneliness, loss of appetite and stress. However parents and teachers perceived the mental impact of social media in terms of loss of appetite, stress, insomnia, loneliness and decrease self confidence and perceived physical impact of the social media was observed in case of eyes strain, headache, ringxiety and inclination towards eating junk foods while using social media. Whereas perceived social impact was felt in terms of lack of interaction with parents, neighbours and relatives. The results further highlighted the facts that rural parents and teachers had unfavourable attitude towards social media whereas teachers had favorable attitude towards social media. In case of urban area majority of parents and teachers both had favorable attitude towards social media. Relationship between dependent and independent variables showed age was positively correlated with physical and social health of the students whereas education was positively correlated with all the three parameters viz; mental, physical and social health of the students. This showed that young and educated person is more conscious and vigilant regarding the mental, physical and social health of their children. Most common constraints felt by the students were; parents disapproval, non availability of net facilities and perceived internet as a costly affair. Hence in order to solve the above mentioned problems it is recommended that parents should themselves equipped with computer skill so that they can guide their children properly in terms of how, when and what type of social media they should use in order to show the right path to their children.ThesisItem Open Access Impact Assessment of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Shopkeepers(CCSHAU, 2019) Semwal, Shatakshi; Ella RaniIndia is going through a lot of changes in these past years, first there was demonetization to choke back black money and now there is Goods and Services Tax (GST). The present study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state where 30 respondents from each section were selected thus, making a total sample of 150 respondents. Background profile of respondents revealed that majority were male having 41-50 years of age belonged to general caste and had nuclear family size. More than half of the respondents had self started business with 11-20 years of experience and were GST registered. Furthermore, they had high change proneness with medium risk orientation and entrepreneurial motivation. More than half of the respondents had medium to low knowledge and neutral to favorable attitude about GST implementation. It was worthwhile to note the Impact of GST as majority of them had no impact on transparency, turnover, customer‟s frequency, loss. Moreover, there was increase in tax burden, legal compliances and hiring of workers with decrease in profit was analyzed. Overwhelming majority of respondents revealed the constraints as filing GST was complicated with increased tax compliances, high competition faced by respondents and changing tax slab rates of GST by central government. Correlation between independent variables like age, family type, family size, years of experience and type of business was found significant with the knowledge of respondents but there was no significance found between the independent variables and attitude of respondents as it was neutral. Finally, the present thesis attracts the attention of the upcoming researchers towards the impact of GST on shopkeepers and various household products.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Menstrual Hygiene Practices among Rural Adolescent Girls in Hisar district(CCSHAU, 2019) Jyoti; Dahiya, ManjuAdolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period in their life cycle that requires specific and special attention. This period is marked with the onset of menarche. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to all females. This study was undertaken with the aims to assess the knowledge of adolescent‘s girls living in rural area regarding menstruation and also to study their misconception and experience and menstrual hygienic practice regarding menstruation. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. From Hisar district block II was selected randomly and from block II two villages viz. Gawar and Burak were selected randomly. 50 females from each villages were selected randomly. Thus, making a total of 100 respondents. A set of independent variables and dependent variables were selected for the study. In this study majority of the respondents respondents attained the menarche between 13-16 years, in class VIII followed by IX with mothers‘ as a home-maker, elder sibling as a sister, both of them helped the respondents to become more aware about the menarche as both were the major source of information for them. From the findings of the present study, it can be observed that the adolescent girls had proper awareness about menstruation before menarche (75.0%) and duration of menstruation (87.0%). Regarding experience of respondents about menstruation it was found majority knew about so many aspects of menstruation but some misconceptions still exist in the respondents and instead of thinking menstruation as normal process in adolescent girls, they thought (67.0%) it as an impure blood getting released from the body. Majority of the respondents (44.0%) felt upset during their first menstruation and had (60.0%) negative reaction in general. Majority of the respondent faced the problem of (70.0%) stomach pain, (67.0%) backache, (47.0%) irritation and (38.0%) breast soreness before the menstruation, fear (93.0%), lose confidence(88.0%), lazyness (63.0%), and irritation (47.0%) during the menstruation and cent per cent of the respondents felt increased confidence , activeness and good sleep post menstrual feelings. Majority of the respondents were following good menstrual hygienic practices. Use of absorbent was found to be significantly associated with age (χ2 = 16.11*), education (χ2 = 32.625**) and fathers‘ occupation (χ2 = 13.9218*). Age (χ2 = 12.042*), education (χ2 = 20.784*) was significantly associated with reaction about menstruation of the respondents. It was found that age (χ2 = 19.159*), education (χ2 = 21.78*) and caste (χ2 = 29.751**) was significantly associated with awareness about menarche before its onset. Age education of the respondents and education of mother was positively coorelated with menstrual hygienic practices. It can be concluded that the proper menstrual hygiene and correct perception can protect the women from suffering.ThesisItem Open Access Gender Differentials among Urban Households in Socio - economic Perspective(CCSHAU, 2019) Diksha Rani; Kaushik, SushmaThe present study was conducted in Hisar city of Haryana state to assess existing gender status among urban households across socio economic perspective. To draw representative sample, three localities from Hisar city were selected randomly representing lower, middle and higher economic status. Out of each selected locality, 30 households were selected at random thus making a total of 180 households. Independent variables were caste, family income, family size, education of HH, mass media exposure and social participation while dependent variable was gender differentials in terms of sex ratio, educational status, health status, economic participation, inheritance, political/social participation and decision making. Socio-economic and personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of households were male headed, belonged to nuclear families with medium family size. Sex ratio for female/ male in was 1044 in high ES, 969 in medium ES and 816 in low ES. Maximum respondents across all categories preferred to have boy as 1st child. Gender and educational status was found significantly associated. More males than females were attending private institutes and science stream. More females were drop outs than males. Gender wise health status revealed that majority of males and females did not suffer from major diseases, however, more males perceived their health status as very good compared to females while more females perceived their health status as average and poor compared to females. Females of high and medium ES were more over weight while 40 per cent females of low ES suffered from anaemia. Out of total economically inactive members, majority are females. Control on economic resources was joint in high and medium ES while male dominated in low ES. The social and economic participation was found low in both males and females yet lower in females. Irrespective of ES most of the decisions were male dominated. Sex ratio of high economic strata and economic status sin medium , low ES and in total were found to be significantly different among males and females while regard to other variables differences were found non- significant.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Beauty Culture Trainings on Beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana(CCSHAU, 2019) Bhukal, Shikha; Ella RaniThe study entitled, “Impact of Beauty Culture Trainings on beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana” was conducted by covering one training partner in Hisar district of Haryana state purposively. 120 beneficiaries were selected randomly by covering 4 training centre under training partner. Independent variables include socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables and knowledge, attitude, and adoption were dependent variables for the study. Most of the respondents were from age group of 20 – 30 years, belong to scheduled caste, having medium family educational status, residing in rural area and had small sized nuclear type of families. Majority of the respondents were having monthly income between Rs.20, 001 – Rs. 30,000 and labourer as their family occupation whereas, majority of the respondents were students and had medium level of material possession. Further, majority of respondents were having medium level of change proneness, risk orientation and high entrepreneurial motivation. Most of the respondents were having medium mass media exposure, localite and cosmopolite sources of information utilization. Further, results indicates that maximum utility score of training on beauty services was highest score for makeup and least for hair treatment. Majority of the respondents were satisfied with coverage of subject matter, methodology used, working environment and utility of training material, practical sessions. Most of the respondents were also satisfied with quality of trainer and subject matter of the training programme. After exposure to training, majority of the respondents had acquired high level of knowledge on facial and makeup respectively. More than half of the respondents showed favorable to most favorable attitude towards beauty culture training. Overall impact of training in term of gain in knowledge, change in attitude and symbolic adoption was found of medium level. Major constraints were economic and personal constraints as perceived by the beneficiaries towards beauty culture training. Age, education and monthly income of family were found to be significantly associated with effectiveness and impact of training.
