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Open Access
Studies on persistence and leaching behaviour of ready pre-mix formulation (Chlorantraniliprole + Thiamethoxam) in/on tomato
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-10) Dhanker, Preeti; Sushil
The study reports the uptake as well as the distribution pattern of insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam in tomato plant matrices including root, stem, leaves and fruits from the soil via drench application of their ready-pre mix formulation chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam. For extraction and clean-up, three different methods namely liquid-liquid partitioning, QuEChERS with no clean-up and QuEChERS with clean-up were used in association with GC-MS/MS. The LOD and LOQ of the method determined were 0.01 μg g−1 and 0.005 μg g−1, respectively, and all the recoveries were above the range of 80 per cent. Rapid uptake of the insecticides by tomato plant was observed from the first day onwards. In the tomato plant, the major part of the insecticides got deposited in the roots and in the leaves. No presence of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam residues were reported in tomato fruits which were much below their respective maximum residue limits (MRLs). In the soil samples, chlorantraniliprole residues for respective SD and DD were 0.389 and 0.788 μg g−1 initially which dissipated till day 20 reaching LOQ after that, while the thiamethoxam concentration were 0.682 and 1.335 μg g−1 initially, which dissipated till 20 and 25 days for SD and DD, respectively. in leaching experiment more than 85 per cent of the residues were recovered totally, with no residues in leachates
Open Access
Efficient and green multicomponent synthesis of some novel heterocyclic compounds and their bioefficacy
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-01) Gulati, Susheel; Rajvir Singh
Due to growing concern of environmental pollution, the application of green chemistry for the formation of bioactive heterocyclic functionalities has turned out to be a key area of research for organic chemists. Coumarins, dihydropyrimidinones, imidazoles, isoxazoles and benzimidazoles are important heterocyclic compounds occur widely in nature. The conventional methods for preparation of these heterocyclic molecules have some drawbacks such as use of hazardous solvents, toxic reagents, tedious work-up, low product yield and long reaction time. Therefore, the development of waste minimized organic synthesis has become key and challenging area for organic chemist. Natural acid catalysts viz. Citrus limon L. juice, Vitis vinifera L. juice, Banana peels extract, Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice, Citrus limetta juice and Citrus sinensis L. juice were prepared for synthesis of substituted coumarins (30-37), dihydropyrimidinones (45-52), imidazole (55-62), isoxazoles (65-72) and benzimidazoles (73-80). All synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR and FTIR spectral techniques and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citrii by inhibition zone method. All synthesized compounds were also tested for antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food technique method. Herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds) were also studied to test bioefficacy of synthesized compounds. It was found that maximum Erwinia carotovora growth was inhibited by compounds 37, 51, 56, 72 and 78. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth inhibition was by compounds 31, 50, 57, 72 and 74. Compounds 31, 50, 58, 72 and 76 were found to be the most active against Rhizoctonia solani fungus while compounds 34, 47, 58, 67 and 76 have highest growth inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus. It was found that compounds 30, 51, 60, 67 and 79 were most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) while compounds 31, 48, 57, 67 and 75 found to be most active against Raphanus sativus L. (shoot). It was found that the activity of the synthesized compounds may be due to presence of bromo, chloro, methyl, hydroxy, methoxy and nitro groups substitution on the phenyl ring.
Open Access
Dissipation kinetics of pyriproxyfen in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) and soil
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-02) Parveen Kumari; Duhan, Anil
Pyriproxyfen, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethoxy] pyridine, is a novel broad spectrum insecticide. Dissipation of pyriproxyfen in chilli, soil and effects of washing on reduction of residues in chilli fruits were observed under field and lab conditions. Pyriproxyfen efficacy against honey bees, its leaching potential under continuous flow condition and the dissipation behaviour of its different metabolites formed in soil under field conditions was also studied. Field experiment was carried out in Research field of Department of vegetable Science, and lab study was performed in Agrochemicals Residues Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University. Pyriproxyfen (Lano 10 EC) was applied on chilli crop and soil at two doses i.e., 100 (T1) and 200 (T2) g a.i./ha. Chilli and soil samples were collected periodically on 0 (2h), 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 45 days after application. Various sample preparation techniques i.e. QuEChERS, Liquid-solid extraction (LSE) and Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) were optimized for chilli and soil at different fortification levels (0.005-0.1 μg/g). Maximum recoveries (83.1 to 104.8%) for chilli were obtained using LSE, In soil, MSPD revealed 94.2 to 104.3% recoveries. The test samples were analysed over GC-MS/MS. A first order dissipation kinetics was followed with half-lives ranged from 4.7 to 8.1 days in chilli treated with pyriproxyfen under field and lab conditions and from 3.7 to 8.2 days in soil at two doses. The residues reached below MRL value (0.02 mg/kg) on 45 day in chilli under both conditions. In case of soil residues were below detection limit on 45 day in field samples and on 60 day in lab samples. Average reduction in residues due to washing was in the range of 54-56% under field conditions and 35-47% under lab conditions. Residues in wash water were ranged from 0.077 to 0.158 μg/mL in T1 and 0.091 to 0.316 μg/mL in T2 application under field conditions and 0.041 to 0.138 μg/mL in T1 and 0.066 to 0.337 μg/mL in T2 under lab conditions, respectively. During this study, six metabolites of pyriproxyfen were observed in soil namely 4-OH-PYR (A), POP (C), POPA (E), 4-OH-POPA (F), PYPA (G) and PYPAC (H). Dissipation study of the metabolites revealed their appearance on the day of pyriproxyfen application, reached to maximum concentration on 1 DAA in soil. All the metabolites except 4-OH-PYR persisted for more than 30 days in soil with half-lives ranged from 2.6 to 30 days. Higher dose was significantly more detrimental to honey bees. Leaching study do not showed any leaching potential of pyriproxyfen and almost whole of applied pyriproxyfen was retained within 0-5 cm soil depth.
Open Access
Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Apurva; Dhram Prakash
A field experiment started since Rabi, 2019 at Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) was selected for the present investigation entitled “Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation”. The experiment was laid out with eight treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected after garden pea harvest. Application of RDN through FYM or vermicompost alone or alongwith CUBOF decreased the soil pH and increased the soil EC over their initial values. The highest SOC and TOC content (0.65 and 0.81%, respectively) was noticed with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest DOC content (41.22 ppm) was reported with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF. The highest very labile and labile carbon content was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF (0.29%) and RDN applied through FYM combined with CUBOF (0.22%), respectively. Available N, P, K and S content in soil varied from 115.4 to 161.6, 23.08 to 35.24, 591.1 to 843.4 and 20.24 to 32.54 kg ha-1 , respectively. Recommended dose of fertilizers recorded the highest available N content in soil, while, the highest available P, K and S content was reported with the incorporation of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Application of RDN through vermicompost recorded the highest DTPA-extractable Zn and Fe concentration (1.15 and 0.96 ppm, respectively), while, the highest DTPA-extractable Mn concentration was noticed with 50% RDN was applied through vermicompost along with CUBOF (2.09 ppm). The highest DTPA extractable Cu concentration (0.701 ppm) was reported with the application of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. The highest K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest Na+ , HCO3 - and SO4 2- ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF which are positively correlated with soil EC. The MBC and MBN content of soil ranged between 212.9 to 381.5 and 17.5 to 40.4 ppm, respectively. The highest dehydrogenase (38.92 µg TPFg-1 24h-1 ), alkaline phosphatase (357.85 µg PNP g-1 h -1 ) and urease activity (20.07 µgNH4 + -N g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF, while, arylsulfatase activity (10.84 µg PNP g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Incorporation of RDN through vermicompost recorded non-significantly higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes count (3.86×107 , 2.65×106 and 2.66×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively) as compared to RDN applied through FYM (3.71×107 , 2.41×106 and 2.48×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively).
Open Access
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity ofArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Goel, Neha; Kumari, Sachin
The present study was undertaken for studies on phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) collected from semi arid region of Haryana. Physiological and chemical parameters viz. moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein, minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids were analyzed in stem, leaves and flowers of Argemone mexicana. Moisture content was higher in stem (13.53%) than leaves (11.06%) and flowers (11.33%). Ash content was maximum in flowers (21.56%) than stem (11.15%) and leaves (14.8%). Crude protein was higher in leaves (23.63%) than stem (15.26%) and flowers (22.32%). Crude fibre content was higher in stem (25.2%) than leaves (9.85%) and flowers (11.75%), crude fat content was higher in flowers (16.9%) than stem (11.56%) and leaves (7.93%). Amount of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn (in ppm) in flowers was 117.53, 30.60, 14.89 and 21.17 and in the stem, it was 63.61, 7.97, 3.41 and 37.41 and in leaves, it was 93.40, 23.3, 15.71 and 19.58. Total tannins were higher in leaves (3.15mg/g) than stem (1.81mg/g) and flowers (2.41mg/g).). Total alkaloids were higher in leaves (3.97%) than stem (3.23%) and flowers (3.46%). Terpenoids were higher in leaves (3.65%) than stem (3%) and flowers (3.03%). Phytochemical parameters viz. total phenolics and total flavonoids in stem, leaves and flowers were extracted with five solvents namely methanol, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexaane. Aqueous extract has the highest phenolic content (8.16mg GAE/g) as compared to methanol extract (7.09mg GAE/g), acetone (2.16mg GAE./g), ethyl acetate (1.36mg GAE/g) and hexane (0.23mg GAE/g). Among the plant, parts flowers have the highest phenolic content (5.75mg GAE/g) than stem (1.86mg GAE/g) and leaves (3.79mg GAE/g). Methanol extract has the highest flavonoid content (6.08mg CE/g) as compared to acetone extract (4.19mg CE/g), aqueous (4.45mg CE./g), ethyl acetate (1.77mg CE/g) and hexane (1.31mg CE/g). Among the plant parts, flowers have the highest flavonoid content (4.68mg CE/g) than stem (2.41mg CE/g) and leaves (3.59mg CE/g). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (%) increased with increase of concentration levels the IC50 value of stem in aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and acetone extract was 58.88, 48.70, 48.02, 41.81 and 24.98μg/ml. IC50 value of leaves in these extracts was 37.28, 45.95, 68.91, 36.29 and 62.29 μg/ml. IC50 value of flowers in these extracts was 41.92, 55.18, 42.37, 45.74 and 38.33μg/ml. Aqueous extract has the highest total antioxidant activity (6.94mgAAE/g) than methanol extract (6.46mgAAE/g), acetone extract (2.32mgAAE/g), ethyl acetate (1.87mgAAE/g) and hexane extract (0.26mgAAE/g). Among plant parts flowers has the highest antioxidant activity (4.19mgAAE/g) than stem (2.66mgAAE/g) and leaves (3.86mgAAE/g).
Open Access
Metal organic framework for sorptive removal of chlorpyrifos from water
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Bharti; Anushree
The present study was undertaken forremovel of chlorpyrifos pesticide from water by using solvothermally synthesized Metal Organic Framework, HKUST-1 was synthesized taking high boiling solvent DMF and Trimesic acid as the organic linker. Successful characterization was done by different techniques i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). FTIR studies showed that HKUST-1 have bonding between metal and organic linker, vibrations between the BTC bonds, PSA showed the range of particles was from 4900 nm to 5300 nm, XRD showed crystallanity of the MOF, FESEM showed the particle size between 5 μm to 13 μm. Reults showed that the removal efficiency of HKUST-1 was 76% at the optimized conditions of pH, amount of HKUST-1, contact time, temperature and concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity were found as 98 mg/g for linear and 102 mg/g for non linear. The study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic modelling were also done. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order fitted best and are the deriving force of chemisorption. Reuseablity results showed that the removal efficiency decrease from 3 to 5% by washing the adsorbent with solvent. The responsible interaction for adsorption was electrostatic interaction, it can be concluded from the present study that HKUST-1 is a highly efficient MOF for the removal of chlorpyrifos.
Open Access
Studies on vicine-convicine and L-DOPA in different plant parts of faba bean Vicia faba L.
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Ajay Singh; Ravi Kumar
Faba bean is protein rich, however, due to the presence of favism causing agents, vicine and convicine, its utility is hindered. The present study was undertaken to estimate the vicine-convicine and L-DOPA contents in different plant parts of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes (HT 226421, HT 226419, RF 226451, RF 226443, SAEA 226561, SAEA 226556, VT 218733, VT 218725, VT 218712, VT 218702). In order to use vicine standard for estimation of vicine and convicine, its synthesis was achieved by the condensation of guanidine or urea with the -glycoside of ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyacetate. L-DOPA is used for the treatment for Parkinson’s disease and it has an annual demand of $101 billion. So, L-DOPA, vicine-convicine contents were estimated in different plant parts of faba bean by using HPLC. The average L-DOPA content was maximum in flowers followed by leaves, green seeds, pods, podwalls and stems which was 47.87, 28.06, 27.23, 20.54, 14.59 and 1.82 mg/g, respectively on dry weight basis. The average total vicine and convicine content was lowest in stems followed by flowers, leaves, podwalls, pods, mature seeds and green seeds with 0.27, 0.88, 1.12, 1.21, 7.02, 7.20 and 17.43 mg/g, respectively. Total vicine and convicine content was lowest in green seeds of HT 226419, mature seeds of SAEA 226556 and pods of the variety Vikrant. Hence, the present investigation concludes that faba bean is as a good source of natural L-DOPA. Also, the vicine-convicine concentration in the green seeds is significantly high which upon ingestion can cause favism in the G6PD deficient population.
Open Access
Design and synthesis of ESIPT based fluorescent probes for the sensing of potential analytes
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Komal; Sindhu, Jayant
Fluorescence sensing technology has been developed as a valuable tool in the field of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry and clinical diagnosis. The fluorescent probe is a key component in fluorescence sensing because of its ability to convert chemical events into observable signals, which is directly connected to sensitivity and selectivity. The present study describes the photophysical behavior and sensing application of the fused oxazoles using both theoretical and experimental techniques. Initially, the probes were synthesized via condensation reaction. After that, the ground state geometry of the synthesized probes was optimized using DFT based method. Then the effect of solvent was studied on the geometry of optimized compound. Along with this, the global reactivity parameters such as chemical potential, hardness, and electrophilicity index were also calculated using B3LYP and the 6-311(+)G level of theory. Using CPCM solvation model, the influence of solvent polarity was also investigated. Other phenomena such as AIQ, AIE, and solvatochromism were also explored for the synthesized probes. Finally, analyte detection was performed, and a selective detection of 2NP was observed in case of K1, with no effect of different metals on the emission profile.
Open Access
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of manganese, cobalt, iron and copper Schiff base metal complexes
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Panghal, Monika; . Sachin Kumari)
The present study was undertaken for the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of manganese, cobalt, iron and copper Schiff base metal complexes conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Schiff base ligand, L1 (C19H14N4O3 ) was synthesized from the condensation reaction of p- benzoyl pyridine and p-nitrobenzohydrazide and their transition metal complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) were prepared from the interaction of ligand with metal ions in methanolic medium in molar ratio 1:2 (M:L). The Schiff base ligand as well as its transition metal complexes are stable, coloured and non-hygroscopic in nature. The melting point of the ligand was found to be 126°C while complexes showed higher melting point in the range of 200-250°C which showed their higher stability. They are soluble in DMF, DMSO and CHCl3 . The value of molar conductivity of ligand and complexes lie in the range of 12-25 S m2 mol-1 which revealed their non electrolytic nature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR and UV-Vis spectral studies. The FTIR spectral study have shown the coordination of metal ion with Schiff base ligand through azomethine nitrogen at 1598 cm-1 . The electronic spectra showed the shift in wavelength to higher energy arising due to band that of n to π* transition which revealed the metal-ligand interaction. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against five microbes; Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizoctonia, Alternaria and Fusarium oxysporum. The ligand, L1 showed moderate antibacterial activity with inhibition zone in the range of 2.7-6 mm while the complexes showed higer antibacterial activity with inhibition zone in the range of 5-12 mm. Both the ligand as well as the complexes except that of copper complex were not effective in inhibiting the growth of fungal strains. The zone of inhibiton for copper complex was found in the range of 1.1-6.7 mm dpending upon the concentration

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