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ThesisItem Open Access Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Apurva; Dhram PrakashA field experiment started since Rabi, 2019 at Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) was selected for the present investigation entitled “Impact of different nutrient management practices on soil properties after garden pea (Pisum sativum) cultivation”. The experiment was laid out with eight treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected after garden pea harvest. Application of RDN through FYM or vermicompost alone or alongwith CUBOF decreased the soil pH and increased the soil EC over their initial values. The highest SOC and TOC content (0.65 and 0.81%, respectively) was noticed with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest DOC content (41.22 ppm) was reported with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF. The highest very labile and labile carbon content was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF (0.29%) and RDN applied through FYM combined with CUBOF (0.22%), respectively. Available N, P, K and S content in soil varied from 115.4 to 161.6, 23.08 to 35.24, 591.1 to 843.4 and 20.24 to 32.54 kg ha-1 , respectively. Recommended dose of fertilizers recorded the highest available N content in soil, while, the highest available P, K and S content was reported with the incorporation of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Application of RDN through vermicompost recorded the highest DTPA-extractable Zn and Fe concentration (1.15 and 0.96 ppm, respectively), while, the highest DTPA-extractable Mn concentration was noticed with 50% RDN was applied through vermicompost along with CUBOF (2.09 ppm). The highest DTPA extractable Cu concentration (0.701 ppm) was reported with the application of RDN through FYM alongwith CUBOF. The highest K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through FYM along with CUBOF, while, the highest Na+ , HCO3 - and SO4 2- ion concentration was recorded with the application of RDN through vermicompost combined with CUBOF which are positively correlated with soil EC. The MBC and MBN content of soil ranged between 212.9 to 381.5 and 17.5 to 40.4 ppm, respectively. The highest dehydrogenase (38.92 µg TPFg-1 24h-1 ), alkaline phosphatase (357.85 µg PNP g-1 h -1 ) and urease activity (20.07 µgNH4 + -N g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through vermicompost alongwith CUBOF, while, arylsulfatase activity (10.84 µg PNP g -1 h -1 ) was recorded with RDN applied through FYM alongwith CUBOF. Incorporation of RDN through vermicompost recorded non-significantly higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes count (3.86×107 , 2.65×106 and 2.66×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively) as compared to RDN applied through FYM (3.71×107 , 2.41×106 and 2.48×106 cfu g-1 soil, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity ofArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Goel, Neha; Kumari, SachinThe present study was undertaken for studies on phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) collected from semi arid region of Haryana. Physiological and chemical parameters viz. moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein, minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids were analyzed in stem, leaves and flowers of Argemone mexicana. Moisture content was higher in stem (13.53%) than leaves (11.06%) and flowers (11.33%). Ash content was maximum in flowers (21.56%) than stem (11.15%) and leaves (14.8%). Crude protein was higher in leaves (23.63%) than stem (15.26%) and flowers (22.32%). Crude fibre content was higher in stem (25.2%) than leaves (9.85%) and flowers (11.75%), crude fat content was higher in flowers (16.9%) than stem (11.56%) and leaves (7.93%). Amount of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn (in ppm) in flowers was 117.53, 30.60, 14.89 and 21.17 and in the stem, it was 63.61, 7.97, 3.41 and 37.41 and in leaves, it was 93.40, 23.3, 15.71 and 19.58. Total tannins were higher in leaves (3.15mg/g) than stem (1.81mg/g) and flowers (2.41mg/g).). Total alkaloids were higher in leaves (3.97%) than stem (3.23%) and flowers (3.46%). Terpenoids were higher in leaves (3.65%) than stem (3%) and flowers (3.03%). Phytochemical parameters viz. total phenolics and total flavonoids in stem, leaves and flowers were extracted with five solvents namely methanol, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexaane. Aqueous extract has the highest phenolic content (8.16mg GAE/g) as compared to methanol extract (7.09mg GAE/g), acetone (2.16mg GAE./g), ethyl acetate (1.36mg GAE/g) and hexane (0.23mg GAE/g). Among the plant, parts flowers have the highest phenolic content (5.75mg GAE/g) than stem (1.86mg GAE/g) and leaves (3.79mg GAE/g). Methanol extract has the highest flavonoid content (6.08mg CE/g) as compared to acetone extract (4.19mg CE/g), aqueous (4.45mg CE./g), ethyl acetate (1.77mg CE/g) and hexane (1.31mg CE/g). Among the plant parts, flowers have the highest flavonoid content (4.68mg CE/g) than stem (2.41mg CE/g) and leaves (3.59mg CE/g). DPPH free radical scavenging activity (%) increased with increase of concentration levels the IC50 value of stem in aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and acetone extract was 58.88, 48.70, 48.02, 41.81 and 24.98μg/ml. IC50 value of leaves in these extracts was 37.28, 45.95, 68.91, 36.29 and 62.29 μg/ml. IC50 value of flowers in these extracts was 41.92, 55.18, 42.37, 45.74 and 38.33μg/ml. Aqueous extract has the highest total antioxidant activity (6.94mgAAE/g) than methanol extract (6.46mgAAE/g), acetone extract (2.32mgAAE/g), ethyl acetate (1.87mgAAE/g) and hexane extract (0.26mgAAE/g). Among plant parts flowers has the highest antioxidant activity (4.19mgAAE/g) than stem (2.66mgAAE/g) and leaves (3.86mgAAE/g).ThesisItem Open Access Metal organic framework for sorptive removal of chlorpyrifos from water(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Bharti; AnushreeThe present study was undertaken forremovel of chlorpyrifos pesticide from water by using solvothermally synthesized Metal Organic Framework, HKUST-1 was synthesized taking high boiling solvent DMF and Trimesic acid as the organic linker. Successful characterization was done by different techniques i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). FTIR studies showed that HKUST-1 have bonding between metal and organic linker, vibrations between the BTC bonds, PSA showed the range of particles was from 4900 nm to 5300 nm, XRD showed crystallanity of the MOF, FESEM showed the particle size between 5 μm to 13 μm. Reults showed that the removal efficiency of HKUST-1 was 76% at the optimized conditions of pH, amount of HKUST-1, contact time, temperature and concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity were found as 98 mg/g for linear and 102 mg/g for non linear. The study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic modelling were also done. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order fitted best and are the deriving force of chemisorption. Reuseablity results showed that the removal efficiency decrease from 3 to 5% by washing the adsorbent with solvent. The responsible interaction for adsorption was electrostatic interaction, it can be concluded from the present study that HKUST-1 is a highly efficient MOF for the removal of chlorpyrifos.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on vicine-convicine and L-DOPA in different plant parts of faba bean Vicia faba L.(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Ajay Singh; Ravi KumarFaba bean is protein rich, however, due to the presence of favism causing agents, vicine and convicine, its utility is hindered. The present study was undertaken to estimate the vicine-convicine and L-DOPA contents in different plant parts of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes (HT 226421, HT 226419, RF 226451, RF 226443, SAEA 226561, SAEA 226556, VT 218733, VT 218725, VT 218712, VT 218702). In order to use vicine standard for estimation of vicine and convicine, its synthesis was achieved by the condensation of guanidine or urea with the -glycoside of ethyl 2-cyano-2-hydroxyacetate. L-DOPA is used for the treatment for Parkinson’s disease and it has an annual demand of $101 billion. So, L-DOPA, vicine-convicine contents were estimated in different plant parts of faba bean by using HPLC. The average L-DOPA content was maximum in flowers followed by leaves, green seeds, pods, podwalls and stems which was 47.87, 28.06, 27.23, 20.54, 14.59 and 1.82 mg/g, respectively on dry weight basis. The average total vicine and convicine content was lowest in stems followed by flowers, leaves, podwalls, pods, mature seeds and green seeds with 0.27, 0.88, 1.12, 1.21, 7.02, 7.20 and 17.43 mg/g, respectively. Total vicine and convicine content was lowest in green seeds of HT 226419, mature seeds of SAEA 226556 and pods of the variety Vikrant. Hence, the present investigation concludes that faba bean is as a good source of natural L-DOPA. Also, the vicine-convicine concentration in the green seeds is significantly high which upon ingestion can cause favism in the G6PD deficient population.ThesisItem Open Access Design and synthesis of ESIPT based fluorescent probes for the sensing of potential analytes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Komal; Sindhu, JayantFluorescence sensing technology has been developed as a valuable tool in the field of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry and clinical diagnosis. The fluorescent probe is a key component in fluorescence sensing because of its ability to convert chemical events into observable signals, which is directly connected to sensitivity and selectivity. The present study describes the photophysical behavior and sensing application of the fused oxazoles using both theoretical and experimental techniques. Initially, the probes were synthesized via condensation reaction. After that, the ground state geometry of the synthesized probes was optimized using DFT based method. Then the effect of solvent was studied on the geometry of optimized compound. Along with this, the global reactivity parameters such as chemical potential, hardness, and electrophilicity index were also calculated using B3LYP and the 6-311(+)G level of theory. Using CPCM solvation model, the influence of solvent polarity was also investigated. Other phenomena such as AIQ, AIE, and solvatochromism were also explored for the synthesized probes. Finally, analyte detection was performed, and a selective detection of 2NP was observed in case of K1, with no effect of different metals on the emission profile.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of manganese, cobalt, iron and copper Schiff base metal complexes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Panghal, Monika; . Sachin Kumari)The present study was undertaken for the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of manganese, cobalt, iron and copper Schiff base metal complexes conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Schiff base ligand, L1 (C19H14N4O3 ) was synthesized from the condensation reaction of p- benzoyl pyridine and p-nitrobenzohydrazide and their transition metal complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) were prepared from the interaction of ligand with metal ions in methanolic medium in molar ratio 1:2 (M:L). The Schiff base ligand as well as its transition metal complexes are stable, coloured and non-hygroscopic in nature. The melting point of the ligand was found to be 126°C while complexes showed higher melting point in the range of 200-250°C which showed their higher stability. They are soluble in DMF, DMSO and CHCl3 . The value of molar conductivity of ligand and complexes lie in the range of 12-25 S m2 mol-1 which revealed their non electrolytic nature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR and UV-Vis spectral studies. The FTIR spectral study have shown the coordination of metal ion with Schiff base ligand through azomethine nitrogen at 1598 cm-1 . The electronic spectra showed the shift in wavelength to higher energy arising due to band that of n to π* transition which revealed the metal-ligand interaction. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against five microbes; Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizoctonia, Alternaria and Fusarium oxysporum. The ligand, L1 showed moderate antibacterial activity with inhibition zone in the range of 2.7-6 mm while the complexes showed higer antibacterial activity with inhibition zone in the range of 5-12 mm. Both the ligand as well as the complexes except that of copper complex were not effective in inhibiting the growth of fungal strains. The zone of inhibiton for copper complex was found in the range of 1.1-6.7 mm dpending upon the concentrationThesisItem Open Access Synthesis, characterization and biological applications of Schiff base transition metal complexes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Jatin; Chauhan, SonuThree Schiff base liagndscuminalidene-4-aminoantipyrine(CUMAP),anisalidine-4-aminoantipyrine(AAAP), pyridoxalidene-4-aminoantipyrine(PAAP) was synthesized by the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine with cuminaldehyde, anisaldehyde and pyridxoal, respectively. Ferrous, ferric and chromic complexes of these Schiff base ligands were also synthesized by using conventional reflux method. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis, molar conductance, FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis. The obtained data revealed that Schiff base ligands CUMAP and AAAP act as a neutral bidentate while PAAP act as a monobasic tridentate ligand. Distorted tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral geometry was assigned to the compounds. All synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Xanthomonas campestris. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Macrophominaphaseolina was also carried out using agar well diffusion method. It was found that the Schiff bases had a very little or no antimicrobial activity while their metal complexes showed significant antimicrobial activity. It was found that maximum Bacillus cereus growth was inhibited by the compounds 1f, 2d and 3f and maximum Xanthomonas campestris growth was inhibited by the compounds 1f, 2d and 2e. Compounds 1f, 2a and 3f showed the maximum inhibitionagainstCandida albicans growth while compounds 1a, 2d, 3c and 3e showed maximum inhibition against Macrophominaphaseolinagrowth. In urease inhibitory activity it was found that the metal complexes have many times better activity than the Schiff bases. Compounds 2c, 3c and 3e showed the best inhibition against the urease enzyme.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of ESIPT Mechanism in Different Quinone Fused Heterocyclic Conjugates(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Neha; Sindhu, JayantESIPT is a key aspect in many fields of science which has been extensively used in the design and synthesis of fluorescent probes for the real time monitoring of environmentally and biologically relevant species. Molecules with hydrogen bonding capabilities have the potential to exhibit dual fluorescence due to prevailing ESIPT phenomenon in them. In the present work, a series of quinone fused imidazoles have been designed and the feasibility of proton transfer was investigated using DFT and TD-DFT based theoretical approach. Initially, conformational search was done in order to explore the most stable conformer for quinone fused imidazoles (N1-N6). The ground state geometries were utilized to evaluate the global reactivity descriptors in different solvent systems of varying polarity. The structural features in the excited state were investigated for those compounds which have probability of H-bonding in their ground state geometry. Potential energy scan was applied over O-Hb bond to explore the feasibility of proton transfer in the excited state of the molecules (N2, N4, N5 and N6). The compounds with established ESIPT phenomenon were synthesized and their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarity. Dual emission with large stoke shift in the fluorescence spectra of N2, N4, N5 and N6 revealed the presence of ESIPT phenomenon in their excited states.
