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20223
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Subject: Biotechnology and molecular Biology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological and biochemical changes in selected Brassica juncea varieties under drought stress (Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss.)
    (CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-08) Sharma, Reena; Lakra, Nita
    Mustard is the major oilseed crop that can assist meet India's demand for edible oil, and it ranks third after soybean and oil palm as a source of edible oil. As a result of the drought, its development and seed yield output have been seriously hindered. Therefore, the present study aimed to screen for drought tolerance at different stages among six (RH1566, RH725, RH749, RH725, RH761 and RH30) varieties of Indian mustard. These six varieties were grown as hydroponic in green house and for further analysis four varieties (RH30, RH 8812, RH1566 and RH725) were selected. Screening was done using PEG-6000 treatment to maintain different drought level. Various morpho-physiological (chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, RWC, osmotic potential, Electrolyte leakage), Biochemical, Metabolites were analysed at seedling and pot level. By investigating this study, we found the increasing trend of protective osmolyte (sugar, proline, glycine betaine) and increased activity of oxygen scavenging enzymes (Catalase, ascorbic peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) in severe stress (50 Field capacity %) as compared to its control. Plants under drought stress indicated a significant increase in antioxidative enzyme but this increase was more pronounced in drought tolerant variety. The content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, total glutathione content were also recorded higher in tolerant variety than in sensitive variety under drought stress. We also studied PAL enzyme activity and reported increased activity under drought stress. This study helps Plant breeders and plant physiologists to design particular ways to alleviate the negative impacts of drought and maximise Indian mustard crop output by better understanding the processes of drought tolerance in Indian mustard.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In-silico characterization and expression analysis of genes responsible for Zn uptake in wheat-Aegilops lines
    (CCS HAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Raja Kumar; Upendra Kumar
    Zinc deficiency is the most ubiquitous micronutrient deficiency in the world affecting nearly 2.6 billion peoples resulting in disease such as growth retardation, hypogonadism, immune dysfunction. It is a particular problem in developing countries, where most people rely on cereals as their staple food. One-third of the world’s cereal growing area is deficient in Zn. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42) belongs to family Gramineae is a major cereal crop grown all over the world constitutes approximately 30% of the total cereals consumed by world’s population making it a major source of minerals. Therefore, it is imperative that wheat cultivars with improved concentrations of Zn is necessary to be developed to alleviate malnutrition among peoples. Lack of genetic variation in wheat is a major drawback in mineral biofortification and bioinformatics tools can be used as a potential resource in investigation of genes related to Zn homeostasis. In the present investigation 7 Zn regulatory gene families namely NAS, NAAT, DMAS, ZIP, ZIFL, YSL and TOM had been identified and analyzed for their importance in biosynthesis of phytosiderophores, their uptake and translocation under Zn deficiency. Chinese spring, an elite wheat landrace and UPHAU-3, a wheat-Aegilops addition/substitution line were grown hydroponically under Zn sufficient and deficient conditions. The relative expression of NAS, NAAT, DMAS, ZIP, ZIFL, YSL and TOM measured in UP HAU-3 and CS revealed that DMAS, ZIP and TOM genes are the most potential genes majorly responsible for Zn uptake and transport by release of phytosiderophores under Zn deficiency. The content of phytosiderophores released in the root exudates induced under Zn deficiency was found 17.41% more higher for UPHAU-3 as compared to CS. Therefore, this comparative study represents that under Zn deficiency UPHAU-3 was more potential genotype for more Zn uptake and transport in comparison with Chinese spring, which can be used as a promising wheat genotype for further studies to make Zn biofortified wheat crop for mitigating Zn malnutrition in human population.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-physiological, biochemical and protein profiling under drought stress in selected chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties
    (CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Yama Keerthi Sree; Lakra, Nita
    Chickpea (Cicer arieitnum L.) is an important food legume crop of the family Fabaceae with high protein levels that is widely grown in rainfed areas prone to drought stress. It is a self-pollinated cool season crop with true diploid (2n=16) nature. They are relatively cheaper and higher source of protein. About 90% chickpea crop is grown in rainfed conditions without depending on irrigation. In the present study, two varieties of chickpea namely ICC 4958 and HC-6 were grown under 3 field capacities (100% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC). Sampling was taken 3 times i.e., 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). Parameters like morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolite and protein profiling of the two varieties was done. Under morphological parameters, shoot length, number of branches number of leaves, number of flowers declined as the drought level increased. Under physiological parameters, relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability (CMS), chlorophyll content decreased in both the varieties as field capacity decreased. Under biochemical parameters, proline, sugar, glycine betaine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased as drought stress increased. Under metabolite analysis, MDA (Malondialdehyde) content, total anthocyanin, flavonoid content, phenolic content increased as drought progressed. We also performed protein profiling of the two varieties using SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to differentiate the expression analysis of the two varieties.