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ArticleItem Open Access Incidence Of Marek's Disease In Namakkal, Tamil Nadu(TANUVAS, Chennai, 1990-06) Panneerselvam, S.; Dorairajan, N.; Balachandran, C.; Manohar, B.Murali; TANUVASThe pattern of mortality in chickens due to Marek's Disease (MD) in relation to age, sex and strain has been repoted by various workers (Rajya and Mohanty, 1971; Panda et al. 1983; Rao and Sarma, 1984). Variation in the intensity of incidence between strains and even lines have been encountered (Panda et al. 1983). Studies on incidence of MD among birds maintained under field conditions in Tamil Nadu appears to be scanty. This study reports the incidence of Marek's Disease in in layer chicken of Tamil Nadu.ArticleItem Open Access Duck plague outbreak in a Chara-Chemballi duck farm(2019) Pazhanivel, N.; Rajeswar, J.; Ramprabhu, R.; Manoharan, S.; Bala, M.A.; Balachandran, C.; Kumanan, K.; Prathaban, S.; Saahithya, R.; TANUVASDuck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses. Case description: An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt., is reported. Findings/treatment and outcome: Two thousands out of 4500 Chara-Chemballi breed of ducks which were recently purchased from Chenganacherry in Kerala died, with a mortality rate of 44.4%. Clinical signs of inappetence, partial closure of eyelid, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, oculo-nasal discharge, soiled vent with green white watery diarrhoea, ataxia, incoordination and sudden death were observed. Necropsy examination revealed diphtheritic membrane in the oesophagus, congestion, petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray white areas on the surface of the liver, epicardial haemorrhages, congested trachea, lung, kidneys, splenomegaly with mottled appearance and enteritis. Microscopical examination revealed presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelial cells of the intestine and hepatocytes, degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, dilated crypt epithelial cells with presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, congestion and lymphoid cell depletion in the spleen, vasculitis, congestion, and haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs, proventriculitis, and congested kidneys. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the duck plague viral infection by the amplification of polymerase gene fragment (446 bp). Conclusion: Based on the above findings, the Chara-Chemballi duck disease outbreak was diagnosed as duck viral enteritis infection.ArticleItem Open Access Susceptibility studies of farmed pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei to non-AHPND strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2021-11) Raja, R. Ananda; Sridhar, R.; Balachandran, C.; Palanisammi, A.; Ramesh, S.; Nagarajan, K.; TANUVASIsolation and identification of bacteria from haemolymph, stomach and hepatopancreas (HP) were carried out from 37 farms in Tamil Nadu, India to find out the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) infections with special reference to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Bacterial identifications were done based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Vp isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Vp specific toxR and tlh genes, human pathogenic tdh and trh genes, and AHPND causing AP1, AP2, AP3 (pirAvp) and AP4 (pirAvp and pirBvp) genes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques were employed to identify the pathology due to Vp in HP tissues. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization, 74 isolates were identified as Vp (35.14%), V. harveyi (21.62%), V. anguillarum (16.22%), V. campbellii (10.81%), V. mimicus (8.11%), V. alginolyticus (5.41%), and V. aeruginosa (2.7%). All isolates were negative for tdh, trh, AP1, AP2, AP3 and AP4 genes. Histopathology and IHC revealed that the HP was the prime organ affected in Vp infection. It further proved that the IHC could be used as an important tool to identify the establishment of infection in hepatopancreatic tissues.ArticleItem Open Access Comparison of Immunoprotection of Leptospira Recombinant Proteins with conventional vaccine in experimental animals(Indian J. of Experimental Biology, 2015-12) Parthiban, M.; Senthilkumar, S.; Balachandran, C.; Kumanan, K.; Aarthi, K.S.; Nireesha, G.; TANUVASLeptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira affecting humans and animals. Untreated leptospirosis may result in severe kidney damage, meningitis, liver Failure, respiratory distress, and even death.ArticleItem Open Access Induction of apoptosis by fungal culture materials containing cyclopiazonic acid and T-2 toxin in primary lymphoid organs of broiler chickens(2005) Kamalavenkatesh, P.; Vairamuthu, S.; Balachandran, C.; Manohar, B. Murali; Raj, G. Dhinakar; TANUVASThirty-six, twenty-eight-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into three groups of 12 birds each. Two groups were fed diets containing 10 ppm cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and l ppm T-2 toxin, respectively, to determine the mechanism of cell death in spleen and thymus at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h of post- treatment.ArticleItem Open Access Immunopathological effect of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and T-2 toxin on broiler chicken(2005) Kamalavenkatesh, P.; Vairamuthu, S.; Balachandran, C.; Manohar, B. Murali; Raj, G. Dhinakar; TANUVASForty, newly hatched, unsexed broiler chicks were fed diets containing 10 ppm cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)and l ppm T-2 toxin (T2) either individually or in combination for 28 days to study the immunopathological effects. Lymphoid organs revealed lymphocytolysis and lymphoid depletion in all toxin fed birds.ArticleItem Open Access Bilateral squamous metaplasia of prostate associated with sertoli cell tumour in a dog(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2007) Pazhanivel, N.; Balachandran, C.; Vairamuthu, S.; Manohar, B. Murali; TANUVASThe present report describes the rare occurrence of bilateral prostatic squamous metaplasia associated with sertoli cell tumour in a nine years old Doberman dog.ArticleItem Open Access Individual And Combined Effects Of Citrinin And Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chickens: A Clinico-Pathological Study(2006) Ahamad, D. Basheer; Vairamuthu, S.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Manohar, B. Murali; Balachandran, C.; TANUVASClinico-pathological effect of citrinin (CIT), a nephrotoxin and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a hepatotoxin were studied in broiler chicken by giving mycotoxins free feed to group A, 150.0 ppm of CIT to group B, 0.5 ppm of AFB1 to group C and combination of these two mycotoxins to group D.ArticleItem Open Access Babesia Bigemina Infection in a 20 Day Old Non-Descript Calf - A Case Report(2012) Vairamuthu, S.; Pazhanivel, N.; Suresh, R.V.; Balachandran, C.; TANUVASBabesiosis is a tick borne protozoan disease of wild and domestic animals and has a greatest economic significance in cattle (Bhikane et al., 2001). Babesia shows reverse age immunity in cattle due to B. bigemina (Soulsby, 2005).The present paper reports on the occurrence of B. bigemina infection in a 20 day old non-descript calf.
