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ThesisItem Open Access “ASSESSMENT OF STATUS OF THE FISHERY COOPERATIVES, SHGS AND FISHERMEN GROUPS IN BASTAR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2015) Thakur, Ankit; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Banafar, K.N.S.; Chari, M.S.; Saxena, R.R.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON THE NUTRIENT DYNAMICS, PLANKTON DIVERSITY AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF A PERENNIAL UNMANAGED URBAN AND PERI-URBAN POND IN RAIPUR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH, INDIA”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2014) Roy, Koushik; Chari, M.S.; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Bajpai, R.K.; Saxena, R.R.In the present study an investigation has been made on physico-chemical characteristics, primary productivity parameters, nutrient dynamics, plankton diversity and abundance of an urban and peri urban pond, located in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted during April 2013 to March 2014. The samples were analysed at monthly intervals. In the urban and peri urban pond, mean value of physico-chemical parameters such as transparency was 47.86 cm and 16.68 cm respectively, pH (7.76 and 8.27 respectively), temperature (24.38°C and 24.52°C respectively), EC (0.46 mS/cm and 0.45 mS/cm respectively), TDS (0.44 ppt and 0.29 ppt respectively), salinity (0.34 ppt both), Free CO2 (1.75 ppm and 0.58 ppm respectively), CO32- (3.33 ppm and 7.33 ppm respectively), HCO3- (156.67 ppm and 180.50 ppm respectively), total alkalinity (160 ppm and 187.83 ppm respectively), total hardness (113 ppm and 76.50 ppm respectively) and DO (4.63 ppm and 5.12 ppm respectively). All the parameters except DO were found within the optimum range recommended for fish culture. The mean primary productivity values in the urban and peri urban pond such as GPP was 2287.50 mg C/m2/day and 2562.50 mg C/m2/day respectively, NPP (1768.75 mg C/m2/day and 1231.25 mg C/m2/day respectively) and community respiration (518.75 mg C/m2/day and 1331.25 mg C/m2/day respectively). The urban pond was mesotrophic in nature while the peri urban pond is showing signs of progressive eutrophication as evident from the primary productivity values. The mean value of dissolved nutrients of pond water and soil parameters in the urban and peri urban pond such as NH3-N were 0.09 ppm and 0.12 ppm respectively, NO3 137 N (0.40 ppm and 0.11 ppm respectively), O-PO4 (0.04 ppm and 0.08 ppm respectively), soil pH (6.84 units both), soil EC (0.44 mS/cm and 0.50 mS/cm respectively), soil available-N (345.85 kg/ha and 381.25 kg/ha), soil available-P (15.13 kg/ha and 12.08 kg/ha respectively), soil available-K (436.16 kg/ha and 468.74 kg/ha respectively) and soil organic carbon (0.56 percent and 1.00 percent respectively). Except soil pH, soil EC and soil available-K, all the nutrient parameters were at sub-optimal levels and need amendment through adoption of soil based fertilisation packages. Nutrient wise, the peri urban pond had greater fertility than the urban pond. The Menhinik generic diversity index of phytoplankton was higher in the urban pond (1.87 units) than the peri urban pond (0.88 units). The phytoplankton abundance was greater in the peri urban pond (1853500.67 no. of individuals/lit) than its urban counterpart (333174.67 no. of individuals/lit). Similarly, Menhinik generic diversity index as well as abundance of zooplankton was higher in the peri urban pond (6.19 units and 3225 no. of individuals/lit respectively) than its urban counterpart (5.73 units and 1825 no. of individuals/lit). A total of 62 genera of phytoplankton and 21 genera of zooplankton were found in the urban pond. In the peri urban pond, 64 phytoplankton genera and 22 zooplankton genera were noted. Among phytoplankton, members of Chlorophyceae dominated in either of the ponds (40.58 percent and 38.11 percent respectively). Among zooplankton, rotifers dominated in the urban pond (46.69 percent) while copepods dominated in the peri urban pond (46.29 percent). The peri urban pond is better in plankton status as compared to its urban counterpart and can support higher fish yield if managed properly. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between EC and salinity, EC and O-PO4, HCO3- and total alkalinity, HCO3- and GPP, HCO3- and soil organic carbon, DO and zooplankton count, NPP and GPP, O-PO4 and soil available-N, soil pH and soil EC while significant negative correlations were found between temperature and NPP, temperature and GPP, temperature and zooplankton count, temperature and Menhinik diversity index of zooplankton, EC and DO, salinity and DO, free CO2 and CO32-, DO and Menhinik diversity index of zooplankton, NPP and Menhinik diversity index of phytoplankton, NH3-N and NO3-N, Phytoplankton count and Menhinik diversity index of phytoplankton, Zooplankton count and Menhinik diversity index of zooplankton.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON THE PLANKTON DYNAMICS IN THE FISH NURSERY PONDS OF CHHATTISGARH”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2014) Kumar, Aditya; Chari, M.S.; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Bajpai, R.K.; Saxena, R.R.; Gupta, RajeevAn investigation was carried out on the plankton dynamics and water quality parameters in seven nursery ponds of I.G.K.V. Fish Farm, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during July 2011 to August 2011. Water and plankton samples were collected daily for 20 days. Diurnal fluctuation of plankton was assessed from the plankton samples collected six times (6:00 am, 10:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m., 10:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m.) from the nursery ponds on the 10th day. A total of thirty three algal genera were enlisted among which seventeen genera belonged to Chlorophyceae, nine to Cyanophyceae, six to Bacillariophyceae and one belonged to Euglenophyceae. Chlorophyceae constituted the largest group in terms of phytoplankton. Among Chlorophyceae, Oocystis sp. and Tetraedron sp. was found to be most dominant. Maximum diurnal fluctuation was exhibited by Oocystis sp., Tetraedron sp., Spirogyra sp., Chlamydomonas sp. and Mougeotia sp.Among Cyanophyceae, Oscillatoria sp. and Aphanocapsa sp. was dominant. Microcystis sp., Oscillatoriasp., Anabaena sp. and Aphanocapsa sp. showed highest diurnal fluctuation. Among Bacillariophyceae, Nitzschia sp. and Synedra sp. dominated. Maximum diurnal fluctuation was exhibited by Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp., Melosira sp., Protococcus sp. and Synedra sp. Among Euglenophyceae, only Euglena sp. was found. A total of seven genera of zooplankton were recorded in the present study. Among zooplankton, three belonged to Branchiopoda, one belonged to Maxillopoda, two belonged to Monogononta and one belonged to Eurotatoria. Among the zooplankton communities, members of class Branchiopoda dominated. Among Branchiopoda, Eubranchipus sp. and Moina sp. was found to be most dominant. Maximum diurnal fluctuation was exhibited by Eubranchipus sp., Moina sp. and Daphnia sp.Among Maxillopoda, only Cyclops sp. was found which showed diurnal fluctuation. Among Monogononta, Keratella sp. and Brachionus sp. dominated. No diurnal fluctuation of Monogononta population was observed in most of the ponds. Among Eurotatoria, only Filinia sp. was found which showed diurnal fluctuation. Water temperature in nursery ponds varied between 24.2 0C – 32.2 0C. The transparency reading varied significantly in the selected nurseries ponds over the season and it ranged from 26 cm to 34 cm. Electrical conductivity (EC) value ranged between 148 – 428 umhos/cm. The range of dissolved oxygen in all nursery ponds was between 5.2 – 6.9 mg/l. The dissolved ammonia, nitrate and orthophosphate ranged between 0.11 – 0.14 mg/l, 0.41 – 0 .47 mg/l and 0.65 – 0.68 mg/l respectively. The study revealed that these ponds are conducive for the growth of fish spawn in terms of water quality and availability of natural fish food organisms.ThesisItem Open Access “FISH BIODIVERSITY IN AQUATIC RESOURCES OF DHAMTARI DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH, INDIA”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2013) Sambhakar, Sunita; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Chari, M.S.; Shrivastava, S.K.; Bajpai, R.K.; Saxena, R.R.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON ICTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY IN BASTAR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2013) Baghel, Deepak Kumar; Chari, M.S.; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Bajpai, R.K.; Gupta, Rajeev; Saxena, R.R.ThesisItem Open Access “FISH BIODIVERSITY IN THE WATER RESOURCES OF RAJNANDGAON DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2012) Kolhe, Prvej KumarRajnandgon district has many hilly forests, plateau areas and varied natural aquatic resources suitable for agriculture and fisheries. Because biodiversity is important for sustainable ecosystem conservation so this district was selected for the study purpose. Fish diversity studies were done in the five river basins viz., (i) Seonath basin (ii) Baghnadi basin (iii) Kotrinadi basin (iv) Pairynadi basin and (v) Aamer basin. The fishes were collected during the period November 2011 to May 2012. In the present study a total of 63 species belonging to 37 genera, 20 families and 7 orders were recorded from 14 sampling sites with seven new species: Crossocheilus latius, Colisa lalia, Labeo dero, Labeo dyocheilus, Pseudambassis lala, Puntius amphibious and Ompok pabda. Seonath, Baghnadi, Kotrinadi, Pairynadi and Aamer rivers have 59, 46, 48, 45 and 44 species respectively. The family Cyprinidae with 26 species forms the largest single group in the fish fauna of Rajnandgaon district. Like wise 10 species were assessed for threat as per NBFGR criteria, they are two endangered species and eight vulnerable species.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME EDIBLE FISHES (CYPRINIDS) IN AND AROUND MARKETS OF RAIPUR DISTRICT”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2012) Chandrawanshi, Neha; Gaur, S.R.; Chari, M.S.; Choudhary, P.L.; Saxena, R.R.The present study was conducted with a view to assess the nutritional composition of some edible fishes (cyprinids) found in & around the markets of Raipur district. The study was conducted in laboratory of Fisheries. Different cyprinids fishes of around 1- 1.5 kg. namely catla, rohu, mrigala, common carp and silver carp, were brought to the lab from markets of Raipur district. Head, viscera and skin of fishes were removed and after washing the muscles were minced and homogenized using a blender. Wet muscle was weighed and kept in oven for analysis of moisture, while protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash were analyzed on dry weight basis, using standard methods as given by APHA (1989) and AOAC (1995). The results indicate that the moisture content was largest in catla (78.99%) and lowest in common carp (65.02%). The highest content of protein was recorded in catla 18.68% whereas it was lowest in common carp 15.36%. The highest lipid content was found in common carp 2.77% and the lowest in mrigala 1.65%. Hence, the moisture was found to be inversely proportional to lipid content, as also reported by FAO (1999). From the results of the present research, it can be concluded that the nutritional body composition of selected fishes, including nutrients, is within nutritional ranges required by human beings in their diet. The percentages of protein content ranged between 15.36 – 18.68%, which is quite high. The moisture and lipid content were found to be inversely proportional to each other. From the present study it is clear that cyprinid fishes are good source of good quality lipid, protein and essential minerals in habitats of Chhattisgarh and each species of fish has its own nutritional value parameters due to their different food preferences and ecological conditions. The range for ash content (0.95 – 1.77%) gave an indication that the fishThesisItem Open Access “FISH BIODIVERSITY IN AQUATIC RESOURCES OF RAIGARH DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH, INDIA”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2012) Patel, Gourishanker; Chari, M.S.; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Bajpai, R.K.; Gupta, Rajeev; Saxena, R.R.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME EDIBLE CATFISHES IN AND AROUND MARKETS OF RAIPUR DISTRICT”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2012) Dewangan, Anubhuti; Gaur, Sandhya R.; Choudhary, P.L.; Chari, M.S.; Saxena, R.R.The study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of some edible selected freshwater catfishes, viz.; Desi magur (Clarias batrachus), Thailand magur (Clarias gariepinus), Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), Pabda (Ompok pabda) and Tengana (Mystus tengara). The fishes were collected from markets in and around of Raipur district, brought to the laboratory, identified and processed for analysis purpose. Some flesh was taken for the study of percentage moisture on wet weight basis. Further analysis was done on dry weight basis. The average percentage of protein was found to be 19.61% in Clarias batrachus, 16.21% in Clarias gariepinus, 15.02% in Mystus tengara, 14.03% in Ompok pabda and 13.63% in Pangasius pangasius. Lipids were found to be 2% in Clarias batrachus, 1.15% in Clarias gariepinus, 2.97% in Mystus tengara, 1.99% in Ompok pabda and 2.83% in Pangasius pangasius. Similarly the average percentage of moisture was found to be 77.15% in Clarias batrachus, 75.97% in Clarias gariepinus, 74.99% in Mystus tengara, 74% in Ompok pabda and 78.68% in Pangasius pangasius. Carbohydrates were found to be 0.97% in Clarias batrachus, 0.95% in Clarias gariepinus, 0.72% in Mystus tengara, 0.64% in Ompok pabda and 0.66% in Pangasius pangasius and the average percentage of ash was found to be 1.32% in Clarias batrachus, 1.23% in Clarias gariepinus, 0.59% in Mystus tengara, 3.95% in Ompok pabda and 2.72% in Pangasius pangasius. The biochemical compositions of catfishes, of various markets of Raipur district were found to be nutritionally significant, since they contain suitable range of digestible protein and lipid of good quality. Nutritional composition of the five fish species revealed highest content of protein (19.61%) in Clarias batrachus, lipid (2.97%) in Mystus tengara, Carbohydrate (0.97%) in Clarias batrachus, moisture (78.68%) in Pangasius pangasius and ash 3.95% in Ompok pabda. Protein content of Pangasius pangasius was significantly lower (13.63%) and lipid content of Clarias gariepinus was also significantly lower (1.15%) compared to the other species. This study clearly indicates that the nutritive value obtained would be useful to help the consumers in choosing fish based on their nutritional values besides providing an update to food composition database.