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ThesisItem Open Access AASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKERS(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2015) Kharate, Pawankumar SheshraoThesisItem Open Access ABOVE - AND BELOW - GROUND COMPETITION IN Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Dewit/ Triticum aestivum (L.) HEDGEROW INTERCROPPING IN CENTRAL INDIA.(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2000) Singh, Shailendra; Pandey, C.B.; Puri, Sunil; Pandey, Narendra; Katiyar, Pratibha; Saxena, RaviThesisItem Open Access ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT IMAGE CLASSIFICATION METHODS USED IN REMOTE SENSING(INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDAYALAYA, RAIPUR, 2007) H.N., Vinay Kumar; Chandrakar, GaytriThesisItem Open Access "ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN DOE"(INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDAYALAYA, RAIPUR, 2002) Somorendra, Ningombam; Nema, R.K.ThesisItem Open Access ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ON DOE(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2002) Somorendra, Ningomban; Nema, R.K.; Chaurasia, S.K.; Mishra, U.K.; Tiwari, S.P.; Singh, Mohan; Mishra, O.P.ACCURACY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS ON DOEThesisItem Open Access ACQUISITION RELATED GENES INVOLVED IN EARLY STAGE IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE IN FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur, 2017) Sahu, Anamika; Chandel, Girish; Prasad, Archana S.; Saxena, R.R.; Nair, SunilFoxtail millet (Setaria italica) is minor millet known to have high grain nutritive value especially iron compare to that of major staple cereal rice. Any increase in quality of millets might have significant role in combating micronutrient malnutrition for human health over the world. For the development of nutria rich rice, isolation of the genes involves in the metal homeostasis is the proven and successful approach for beneficial malnourished population. In our study 13 genes involved in the iron acquisition and transport were used for gene expression analysis by using semi quantitative RT-PCR. Leaf and root tissue were collected from Fe sufficient and Fe deficient grown Foxtail millet CO (Te)-7 plant at early stage. The expression level of VIT1,NAAT,FER1,FRO2,OsIRO2,YSL2 SiNAS2,and OsIDFE1genes show up regulation in Fe deficient leaves.VIT1 and Si022298 genes show up regulation in Fe deficient roots.NAAT,FER1,OsIRO2,YSL2, SiNAS2 and Si036196 genes show down regulation in Fe deficient roots.On the basis of above expression analysis we have selected SiNAS2 gene for further cloning and characterization using PCR based amplification. Amplification of full length SiNAS2 gene was performed on tissue collected from CO (Te)-7 genotype using SiNAS2 specifically designer primer. These result in generating an amplicon of 2.8 kb full length for genomic DNA. These amplified fragments were clone in Pcambia1301 followed by transformation of Agrobacterium cell. The positive clone was screen and conforms for SiNAS2 insert by colony PCR. The amplified fragments were sequence by Sanger di-deoxy chain termination method that results of generating 2262 bp sequence. This sequence was analyzed by nucleotide BLAST which showed high level of sequence similarity of SiNAS2 of with Zea mays nicotianamine synthase 2-like gene from maize (89% sequence similarity). The presence of functional domain analyzed at pfam database revealed the presence of two intact NAS domain in derived SiNAS2 protein sequence. Plant transformation and over expression studies using this gene construct will be useful for enhancing grain iron content in staple crops like rice and genetically simple solution to Fe deficiency disorders affecting billions of people throughout the world.ThesisItem Open Access “ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF RICE GROWERS REGARDING CONTROL MEASURES OF VARIOUS INSECT PESTS OF RICE CROP IN DHAMTARI DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, 2005) Raghuwanshi, Hirendra Singh; Shrivastava, K.K.; Sarkar, J.D.; Sharma, M.L.; Dubey, V.K.; (Smt.) Shukla, SindhuThe present investigation entitled “Adoption behaviour of rice growers regarding control measures of various insect pests of rice crop in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh state” was carried out during 20042005 in two blocks of Dhamtari district. Sixteen villages were randomly selected. From the respondents data were collected and analysed by using appropriate statistical methods viz. mean, S.D., percentage, correlation and multiple regression for the interpretation of the data. The finding of this study revealed that majority of the respondents were found in middle age group having primary school level education belonging to other backward class, family size, no membership in any organization. Having small (1.1 to 2.0 ha.) size of land holding, majority of respondents having agricultural farming +labour as their main occupation, most of the respondents belonged to the income category of Rs.60,001 and above and majority of the respondents were having high level of cosmopoliteness. Majority of the respondents having medium level source of information, extension contact and mass media exposure. Maximum number of the respondents had medium level of scientific orientation, most of the respondents had moderately favourable attitude towards control measures of various insect pests in rice crop. Maximum number of respondents having medium level of knowledge and low ETL (economic threshold level) knowledge regarding control measures of various insect pests. Most of the respondents were having medium level of adoption, low economic threshold level adoption and medium level of adoption behaviour regarding control measures of various insect pests. The major problems faced by the respondents regarding control measures of various insect pests were high cost of insecticides, lack of knowledge about appropriate selection of insecticides and lack of knowledge regarding economic threshold level of the insect pests lack of regulated market in local area, lack of credibility of dealers, poor condition of farmers etc. The major suggestions given by the respondents to overcome the problems faced by them were Training should be given regarding different control measures practices of rice insect pests, information on different control measures of should be given with the help of TV, radio, newspaper and RAEOs, subsidy facilities should be increased regarding plant protection, credit facility should be increased and process should also be quicker and easy. Among the selected characteristics i.e. knowledge, attitude and adoption were found positive and significant with adoption behaviour accounted 97.63 per cent (r2=97.63) variability with adoption behaviour of rice growers regarding control measures of various insect pests in rice crop. The remaining variables were found non significant with the adoption behaviour.ThesisItem Open Access ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR OF RURAL WOMEN REGARDING SCIENTIFIC STORAGE PRACTICES OF FOOD GRAINS IN RAIPUR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE.(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, 2003) Madhavrao, Choudhari Nilesh; Shrivastava, K.K.; Sarkar, J.D.; Sharma, M.L.; Shaw, S.S.; (Smt.) Shukla, SindhuThesisItem Open Access AGRO MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN ACCESSIONS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Gupta, Priya; Parikh, Mangla; Sharma, Deepak; Prasad, Archana S.; Saxena, R. R.; Sarawgi, A. K.The agro- morphological and quality characterization are prime criteria to have improvement in crop performance. Present experiment was conducted to identify 44 accessions of rice (NBPGR, New Delhi under CRP Project) along with four checks based on their agro morphological, qualitative and molecular characters. “Experiment was conducted at research cum instructional farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh).” All characters showed considerable amount of variation in terms of agro-morphological characterization excluding few traits like presence and shape of ligule, presence of leaf auricles, presence of leaf collar and thickness of stem which had no differences among accessions. While few traits showed remarkable differences as Pubescence of leaf surface was of all types as strong, medium and weak, days to 50% percent flowering ranged for duration of 107 days to 152 days. Spikelet density of pubescence of lemma carried wide range of variation, anthocyanin colouration in nodes and internodes was present in (IC0114851 and IC0133950), Late observation for attitude of blade showed wide range of variability, accession number IC0114615, IC0115006, IC0134422, IC0135406, IC0135406 and IC0135803showed presence of awn and had yellow, yellow white and brown colour of awn, stigma colour in spikelet were purple and white in colour. Late observation for attitude of flag leaf showed wide range of variation as flag leaf showed “erect, semi erect, horizontal and deflexed were the type of” variants present. Accessions named IC0115104, IC0115375 and EC0205278 had clustered type of secondary branching. Analysis of variance showed that characters except length and width of leaf blade had non-significant differences other than that all characters showed significant differences treatment wise while plant height, milling percent and head rice recovery had significant differences among replications. Analysis of genetic parameters showed that phenotypic coefficients were found higher than genotypic coefficients for all traits hence giving an idea that there is influence of environment in the expression of genotypes in the present study. Highest genetic “coefficient of variation was found for unfilled grain per panicle followed by” Gel consistency. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was found highest for unfilled grain per panicle then for gel consistency. Lowest phenotypic coefficient of variation was found for time of flowering. Highest heritability couple with genetic advance as percent of mean was found for gel consistency (99.82 %, 79.72 %) after which high heritability was found for paddy length (92.696 %, 23.919 %). Positive genotypic and phenotypic significant correlation was found between yield and effective tiller, biological yield, harvest index and hulling percent. Yield contributing traits showed high and positive direct effect biological yield and harvest index whereas, among quality traits cooked rice l/b ratio, cooked rice elongation ratio and kernel length showed high positive direct effects and cooked rice length showed high negative direct effect on yield. Genetic divergence analysis divided accessions into three clusters with 46, 1, and 1 accessions on each cluster from I to III respectively. Cluster II contained accession number IC0115259 and cluster III had IGKV R 1244(Maheshwari). Molecular analysis attributed an idea for highly diverse genotypes as EC05223164, EC05223186, IC0114615, IC0114614, IC0205118 and EC0544223. Inter-cluster data are formed based on molecular marker data at 60 % similarity level on Dendrogram.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO TECNIQUES FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) IN CHHATTISGARH PLAIN UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2013) Chandrakar, Chandresh Kumar; Shrivastava, Dr. G. K.; Dwivedi, Dr. S.K.; Sharma, Dr. Dhananjay; Saxena, Dr. R.R.; Patel, Dr. S.R.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO TECNIQUES FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) IN CHHATTISGARH PLAIN UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2013) Chandrakar, Chandresh Kumar; Shrivastava, Dr. G. K.; Dwivedi, Dr. S.K.; Sharma, Dr. Dhananjay; Saxena, Dr. R.R.; Patel, Dr. S.R.ThesisItem Open Access “AGRO TECNIQUES FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) IN CHHATTISGARH PLAIN UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION”(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2013) Chandrakar, Chandresh Kumar; Shrivastava, G.K.; Dwivedi, S.K.; Sharma, Dhananjay; Saxena, R.R.; Patel, S.R.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-CLIMATIC ANALYSIS OF RICE CROP IN CHHATTISGARH IN THE BACK DROP OF CHANGING CLIMATE SCENARIO(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2014) Unjan, Deepika; Singh, R.; Sastri, A.S.R.A.S; Saxena, R.R.; Shrivastava, G.K.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-CLIMATIC AND AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHHATTISGARH.(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2007) Bhelawe, Sanjay; Singh, R.; Patel, S.R.; Urkurkar, J.S.; Nain, A.S.; (Smt.) Chandrakar, GayatriThesisItem Open Access AGRO-MANAGEMENT OF SWEET FLAG INTEGCROPPED WITH RICE-FRENCH BEAN CROPPING SYSTEM(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, 2007) Tiwari, Nitish; Chandrakar, B.L.; Pandey, N.; Tuteja, S.S.; Geda, A.K.; Saxena, Ravi R.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-MANAGEMENT OF SWEET FLAG INTERCROPPED WITH RICE-FRENCH BEAN CROPPING SYSTEM.(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2007) Tiwari, Nitish; Chandrakar, B.L.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2016) Sinha, Pratima; Sarawgi, A.K.; Babu, V. Ravindra; Saxena, Ritu R.; Verulkar, S.B.; Sharma, Bhawana; Saxena, Ravi R.considered as morphological markers in the identification of germplasm accessions of rice because they are less influenced by environment. Characterization of germplasm accessions establishes distinctiveness on the basis of 17 morphological markers. It is not only important for utilizing the appropriate attribute based donors in breeding programmes, but also essential in the present era for protecting the unique rice. Genetic variability parameters, Pearson correlation coefficient, Path coefficient and the un- weighted variable pair group method of the average linkage cluster analysis (UPGMA) were used to analyse the data obtained. This analysis helps to enabled pattern of variation of the germplasm accessions of rice and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity of accessions. Significant amount of genetic variability was observed for most the quantitative traits. The largest variation was observed for number of effective tillers per plant with coefficient of variation (CV) of 32.86 % followed by 1000 grain weight, decorticated length breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. The result of correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits such as thousand grain weight and decorticated grain length had significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant as well as positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Positive direct effect on grain yield as well as significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. Five cluster groups were obtained from the 31 agro-morphological and quality characters using multivariate analysis. The pattern of constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. The cluster I constituted of 42 accessions, forming the largest cluster followed by cluster IV (2 accessions), cluster II, III and clusters V consist single accession. The pattern of group constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. The inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster I and III and minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III. To realize much variability and high heterotic effect, parents should be selected from two clusters having wider inter cluster distance. Which is cluster I and III were observed. Nutritional quality characterization of selected accessions revealed significant amount of variability for Iron and Zinc concentration in the endosperm. Zinc concentration ranged from 14.47 μg/g to 24.40 μg/g with mean value of 19.04 μg/g, and iron concentration ranged from 7.90 μg/g to 14.41 μg/g with mean value of 10.54 μg/g. Coefficient of variation for zinc and iron concentration was observed 4.50 % xiii and 1.77 % respectively. The highest zinc concentration was recorded in Lawangphool (24.40 μg/g) followed by Parewa (24.03 μg/g) and lowest in Nagkeshar II (14.47 μg/g). The highest iron concentration was recorded in Halki safed luchai II (14.41 μg/g) followed by Loktimacchi (14.10 μg/g) and lowest in Mua (7.90 μg/g). From this result it is clear that Halki safed luchai II have high iron and Lawang phool have high zinc content in brown rice which can be taken up in bio fortification programme. Iron and zinc concentration were positively correlated (+ 0.28*) implying the chance for concurrent selection for both the micronutrients. Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. A total of 21 SSR and 2 ISSR markers (primers) were used covering all the 12 chromosomes of rice for their molecular characterization and discrimination of twenty four germplasm accessions of rice. A total of 56 alleles (SSR) and 6 alleles (ISSR) were detected across the 24 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 2.66 for SSR markers and ranged 2 to 4 alleles per locus with an average 3 for ISSR markers. A dendogram was constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and accessions were clustered into 2 groups. Thus the present work identified the existence of inherent variability in the accessions of rice that could be used to exploit the variability in rice improvement programmes.ThesisItem Open Access AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, 2016) Sinha, Pratima; Sarawgi, A.K.The experiment materials component of seven germplasm accessions of rice including five check namely Indira Barani Dhan, IGKV R1 Rajeshwaru, Indira arobic-1, chandrahansani, and Badshabhog. Characterization of germplasm accessions establishes distinctiveness on the basis of 17 morphological markers. It is not only important for utilizing the appropriate attribute based donors in breeding programmes, but also essential in the present era for protecting the unique rice. Genetic variability parameters, Pearson correlation coefficient, Path coefficient and the un- weighted variable pair group method of the average linkage cluster analysis (UPGMA) were used to analyse the data obtained. This analysis helps to enabled pattern of variation of the germplasm accessions of rice and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity of accessions. Significant amount of genetic variability was observed for most the quantitative traits. The largest variation was observed for number of effective tillers per plant with coefficient of variation (CV) of 32.86 % followed by 1000 grain weight, decorticated length breadth ratio and grain yield per plant. The result of correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits such as thousand grain weight and decorticated grain length had significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant as well as positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Positive direct effect on grain yield as well as significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. Five cluster groups were obtained from the 31 agro-morphological and quality characters using multivariate analysis. The pattern of constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. The cluster I constituted of 42 accessions, forming the largest cluster followed by cluster IV (2 accessions), cluster II, III and clusters V consist single accession. The pattern of group constellation proved the existence of significant amount of variability. The inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster I and III and minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster III. To realize much variability and high heterotic effect, parents should be selected from two clusters having wider inter cluster distance. Which is cluster I and III were observed. Nutritional quality characterization of selected accessions revealed significant amount of variability for Iron and Zinc concentration in the endosperm. Zinc concentration ranged from 14.47 μg/g to 24.40 μg/g with mean value of 19.04 μg/g, and iron concentration ranged from 7.90 μg/g to 14.41 μg/g with mean value of 10.54 μg/g. Coefficient of variation for zinc and iron concentration was observed 4.50 % xiii and 1.77 % respectively. The highest zinc concentration was recorded in Lawangphool (24.40 μg/g) followed by Parewa (24.03 μg/g) and lowest in Nagkeshar II (14.47 μg/g). The highest iron concentration was recorded in Halki safed luchai II (14.41 μg/g) followed by Loktimacchi (14.10 μg/g) and lowest in Mua (7.90 μg/g). From this result it is clear that Halki safed luchai II have high iron and Lawang phool have high zinc content in brown rice which can be taken up in bio fortification programme. Iron and zinc concentration were positively correlated (+ 0.28*) implying the chance for concurrent selection for both the micronutrients. Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. A total of 21 SSR and 2 ISSR markers (primers) were used covering all the 12 chromosomes of rice for their molecular characterization and discrimination of twenty four germplasm accessions of rice. A total of 56 alleles (SSR) and 6 alleles (ISSR) were detected across the 24 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 2.66 for SSR markers and ranged 2 to 4 alleles per locus with an average 3 for ISSR markers. A dendogram was constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and accessions were clustered into 2 groups. Thus the present work identified the existence of inherent variability in the accessions of rice that could be used to exploit the variability in rice improvement programmes.