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Subject: Agroforestry ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FERTILIZER AND ORGANIC MANURES ON PERFORMANCE OF CHANDRASUR (Lepidium sativum L.) UNDER Acacia mangium BASED MULTITIER AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Gorakh Das, Gorakh; Bodalkar, Sarita; Singh, Lalji; Lakhera, M.L.; Tirkey, Alice; Dewangan, Yaman
    A study entitled “Effect of Fertilizer and Organic Manures on Performance of Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum L.) under Acacia mangium based Multitier Agroforestry System” was executed at herbal Garden at I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.) during Rabi season of 2018-19 . The trial was carried out under Multitier Agroforestry System in RBD (Randomized block design) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The growth parameters of Chandrasur viz., plant height, no. of branches, no. of leaves, collar diameter and post harvesting parameter viz., shoot and root biomass, seed yield, seed test weight were estimated by using RBD (Randomized block design). The outcome showed that the growth parameters of Chandrasur viz., plant height ( 28.55 cm), no. of branches (9.36), no. of leaves (18.97) and collar diameter (1.42 cm) were recorded highest in treatment (T5) 1.5 ton/ha vermicompost combined with RDF @ 40:40:15 kg/ha NPK. The yield attributes viz., shoot and root biomass were found maximum in T5 treatment, further maximum seed yield (7.71 q/ha) and seed test weight (1.74 gm) was recorded in treatment T5 followed by T8 ( RDF 50% + VC 25% + NC 25%), T6 (RDF 50% + VC 50%), T7 (VC 50% + NC 50%), T3 (VC 100%), T4 (NC 100%) and T2 (RDF 100%) treatments. However, minimum plant growth and productivity was observed in treatment T1 where no fertilizers were applied. The results revealed that the average height of Acacia mangium tree varied from 15.02 m and 15.97 m before sowing of Chandrasur and after harvesting of crop respectively, the results showed that there was a minor difference in height increment in the tree after harvesting of crop. The results revealed that the average DBH varied from 25.07 cm and 25.95 cm before sowing and after harvesting of crop respectively. Average crown length and crown width of Mangium tree was recorded 4.31m and 5.63 m. The results revealed that the average tree height of Aonla varied from 7.50 m and 8.41m, DBH of 13.06 cm and 13.67 cm and average crown length and crown width was recorded 3.92 m and 5.28 m respectively. The results revealed that average tree height of Curry leaf varied from 3.50 m and 4.49 m, crown length and crown width 2.55 m and 3.17 m was recorded respectively. In agroforestry long term cultivation of shade loving crop always gives economical viable system. From economical perspective it is found that Chandrasur under Acacia mangium gives maximum growth and seed yield with organic manure and proper fertilizer dose. So it is concluded that Chandrasur under Acacia mangium based multitier agroforestry system was more profitable by application of organic manure and fertilizer combination as compared to without fertilizer. In future it is suggested while calculating the economics of multitier agroforestry system yield of crop as well as yield of trees will be taken into consideration.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FOREST & ECOSYSTEM VALUATION: A CASE STUDY OF MELGHAT LANDSCAPE
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Shaikh, Saipun; Singh, Lalji; Tide, Yayati; Prajapati, R.K.; Saxena, R.R.
    The present study attempts to quantify the value of tangible and intangible benefits of Melghat landscape. The conventional valuation of forests in terms of timber and NTFP (Non Timber Forest Produce) values is not sufficient to justify saving forests from diversion for non-forestry purpose. Calculating ecosystem values like carbon sequestration, soil-water conservation, biodiversity and other indirect services shows that the benefits from existing forest are far more than any developmental project. For timber and growing stock (GS) quantification market cost approach was adopted as market auction values of department sale proceedings were available as reference. The value of GS in Melghat was calculated as Rs. 80221 crore. Carbon sequestration was GS dependent function and was calculated based on IPCC carbon factor 0.47. The value of carbon sequestration worked out as Rs. 9291 crore. The NTFP and grazing benefits were calculated from departmental sale records, but found data deficit. The domestic consumption in the line of Indian Institute of Forest Management studies was incorporated in NTFP values. The NTFP value was calculated as Rs. 691 crores, which still remains under-valued. To work out land value the compartments were divided in land zones as per market value and adjoining lands market value was assigned to the forest compartment land. Forest land value worked out through zonation value was Rs. 66874 crores. The recreation benefits were quantified based of travel cost method (TCM) and benefit cost approach by analysing consumer’s surplus from similar landscape. Recreation benefit TCM with benefit transfer approach was found Rs. 30.94 crores which is higher than direct method. The recreation value has scope to improve through management interventions. Water conservation value was worked on the basis of rainfall data and removing losses of runoff and evapo-transpiration through empirical equations. The soil conservation and other values worked out from studies available in similar landscapes. The soil water conservation value was obtained as Rs. 7954 crores. The faunal biodiversity value was based on ‘willingness to pay principle’. The contribution of biodiversity and other ecosystem services worked out to be Rs. 911 crores for entire Melghat landscape. As per the departments record the Forest Rights Act allotments were reported as 1570 hectors. Quantifying GS and carbon sequestration loss was Rs. 447.23 crores, as compared to gains by farmers which was merely Rs. 7.07 crores in totality. This indicated loss of nature is 63 times higher as compared to gains through subsistence farming. Hence land allotments needs to be clubbed and shifted through handsome package to save precious forests as well as ensuring better livelihood to forest dwellers. This report quantifies Total Economic Value of landscape as Rs. 1,70,020 crores, which means Rs. 57.26 lakhs/ha, which is much higher than Net Present Value (NPV) cost Rs.7.5 lakhs per hector prescribed by Ministry of Environment & Forests. The revision in NPV cost on landscape basis giving weightage to floral diversity and faunal peculiarity is very much required for conservation of forests. If feasible, precious forests should not be sacrified so that this generation will bequest better forest to further generations for sustenance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE VEGETATION OF TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST ECOSYSTEM USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Bhutia, Palmula; Swamy, S.L.; Varghese, A.O.; Singh, Lalji; Saxena, R.R.; Tedia, K.
    The present investigation on “Analysis of Landscape Fragmentation and its Impact on the Vegetation of Tropical Deciduous Forest Ecosystems Using Geospatial Techniques” was carried out in Pench Landscape, Central India located between 20º 35' to 21º 44' N lat. and 78º 15' to 79º 40' E long. Landsat 4 TM and Landsat 8 OLI data corresponding to years 1998 and 2017 were used for characterization of land use dynamics using supervised Maximum Likelihood algorthim in ERDAS Imagine and ARC GIS platforms. Fragstat software was used for calculating landscape metrics. Results revealed that Pench landscape has experienced extensive deforestation and forest fragmentation over last 20 years. The change detection analysis showed that 45.79 % of the total land area has undergone negative change, 38.22% positive and 15.97% unchanged from 1998 to 2017. Very dense forest area was decreased and transferred into open forest and scrubland. Landscape analysis revealed that increase in number of patches from 6399 to 7818 from 1998 to 2017. The largest patch represented byan area of 69.47% in 1998 which has reduced to 68% in 2017. The core forest area has decreased, whereas patch density, edge density and perforations have increased from 1998 to 2017. Based on distribution of patches and edges, two zones viz., highly fragmented and least fragmented zones were identified. The quadratic sampling was done in this zones to characterize the impact of fragmentation on structure and diversity of vegetation. Phyto-sociological study showed that the native plant communities were replaced by lesser known alien invasive communities in tree, shrub and herbaceous layers in highly fragmented zone. Similarly, the diversity values reflects a decrease in Shannon- Wiener index, Margalef species richness in tree layer of least fragmented zone, and Simpson index, equitability index and beta diversity had increased in tree layer of least fragmented zone. The study demonstratedthat Geospatial techniques were proved as effective tools for understandingland use and vegetation dynamics and assessing landscape fragmentation. The study discussed the implications of forest fragmentation on structure and diversity of vegetation and brought out suitable interventions for sustainable management ofecologically fragile landscape of Pench.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status of minor forest producing woody species in Salhewara, North Bortalab, South Bortalab forest range of Khairagarh forest division in Chhattisgarh
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2018) Gupta, Shalabh; Naugraiya, M.N.; Kog, Vijay Laxmi; Joshi, P.K.; Saxena, R.R.; Jain, B.C.
    The study was carried out in three forest ranges of Khairagarh forest division in Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh, which have mixed forest with predominated tribal population in the villages. Trees played a very significant role to sustain human life on earth from the very beginning with fire, shelter and food. The Minor Forest Products (MFPs) have also been played important role not only for food and they optical values but also for generating source income rural population from middle of the century. MFPs consists variety of versatile, diversified and seasonal products, like food, fiber, manure, construction materials, cosmetics and cultural products. The studies have been conducted in some states showed that the contribution of MFP to the total income of the households varied between 10 to 70 percent and majority of the forest dwellers depend on forests for 50 percent of their requirements. The state like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh has been accounted for more than 75 percent of trade of MFP in India. The present study was focused on MFP woody species in three forest ranges where MFP woody species were as 47 trees and 5 shrubs, 42 trees and 3 shrubs, and 47 trees and 4 shrubs in Salhewara, South Bortalab and North Bortalab forest range respectively with 83.11% similarity index. The total woody species density was recorded 598.67 ha-1 in Salhewara while 571.33 and 518.0 ha-1 in South Bortalab and North Bortalab forest ranges respectively with abundance of 6195.36, 5915.98 and 4963.73 ha-1 respectively. The occupancy of basal area was found in order of Salhewara 4.86 sqm2 ha-1, North Bortalab 3.03 sqm2 ha-1 and 2.40 sqm2 ha-1 in South Bortalab. The diversity and dominance level of woody minor forest species was 1.66 and 0.02 in Salhewara forest range, 1.61 and 0.03 in North Bortalab forest range 1.52 and 0.03 in South Bortalab forest range respectively. On the basis of Importance value index (IVI) of the top ten woody species were Diospyros melanoxylon, Anogeissus latifolia, Chloroxylon swietenia, Tectona grandis, Terminalia elliptica, Casearia graveolens, Madhuca indica, Cassia fistula, Emblica officinalis and Bridelia retusa in Salhewara, Cordia myxa, Terminalia elliptica, Anogeissus latifolia, Madhuca indica, Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania latifolia, Semecarpuse anacardium, Butea monosperma, Cassia fistula and Schleichera oleosa in South Bortalab and Anogelissus latifolia, Diospyros melanoxylon, Tectona grandis, Buchanania latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia elliptica, Cordia myxa, Madhuca indica, Chloroxylon swietenia North Bortalab. The maximum Mahua and Tendu leaf were collected in North Bortalab forest range with involvement of 52.97% population having male (35.32%), female (44.64%) and children (19.84%) human resources. The forest villagers generate the income by the collection of MFP from the forests but were not enough for their livelihood hence they also engaged in different occupation of Agriculture and Mazdoori. The major woody species producing MFPs generating source of income was Rs. 1800/1000 bundles for Tendu leaves, Rs. 120/ kg for Char and 20/ kg Mahua which shared 55.75, 18.4 and 15.02 percent income respectively than other MFP (10.83%). The involvement of people for collection of MFP in the forest villages of Khairagarh forest division was found in order of 73.28 > 67.85 > 56% for North Bortalab Salhewara and South Bortalab forest ranges respectively, thus more 50% population was found to be engaged to earn their livelihood from forest resources.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STORAGE AND FLUX OF NUTRIENTS IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn, f.) PLANTATION IN SUB-HUMID DRY TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2003-03) Kolhe, Ritesh Ramhari; Puri, Sunil; Singh, Lalji; Guhey, Aarti; SAXENA, R.R.
    STORAGE AND FLUX OF NUTRIENTS IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn, f.) PLANTATION IN SUB-HUMID DRY TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER LEUCAENA leucophala L. BASED ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2000) Dubey, Rakesh; puri, Sunil; Swami, S.L.; Saxena, Ravi; Sarawagi, S.K.
    EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER LEUCAENA leucophala L. BASED ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER Leucaena leucocephala L. BASED ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya ,Raipur, 2000) Dubey, Rakesh; Puri, Sunil; Swamy, S.L.; Saxena, Ravi; Sarawagi, S.K
    EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER Leucaena leucocephala L. BASED ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STORAGE AND FLUX OF NUTRIENTS IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) PLANTATION IN SUB-HUMID DRY TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2003-03) Kolhe, Ritesh Ramhari; Puri, Sunil; Singh, Lalji; Guhey, Aarti; Saxena, R.R.
    STORAGE AND FLUX OF NUTRIENTS IN TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) PLANTATION IN SUB-HUMID DRY TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) IN NORTHERN HILLS OF CHHATTISGARH
    (Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur, 2017) Banjara, Nanakchand; Sharma, Dhananjay; Gupta, C.R.; Sharma, P.K.; Saxena, R.R.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, J.
    The experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in northern hills of Chhattisgarh” was carried out at Raj Mohini Devi College of Agriculture and Research Station, Ambikapur (Surguja), Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (Chhattisgarh).During therabi season of the year 2015-16 and 2016-17 The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three replication. The treatments consisted of three levels of FYM (t ha-1) i.e. (5 t), (10 t) ha-1 with controlas main plot and four levels of fertility i.e. 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF (at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP) as sub-plot and two levels of biofertilizers B1(Azotobacter + PSB)and B0 (control)potato cultivar KufriPukhraj was used for experiment duringrabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17. Among different levels of FYM, F2 i.e. 10 t FYM ha-1 had found significantly superior for over other treatments which was recorded the maximum growth parameters (plant emergence per cent, plant height (cm), number of shoots plant-1, number of compound leaves plant-1, tuber initiation (in days), leaf area index, fresh weight of shoots (g) plant-1, dry weight of shoots (g) plant-1)and yield attributes i.e. number of stolons plant-1, number of tubers plant-1, fresh and dry weight of tubers plant-1, tuberization efficiency,dry matter content of tuber, shoot and roots plant-1, grade wise number of tubers plot-1,grade wise yield (kg) plot-1, number of marketable and unmarketable tubers plant-1, marketable and unmarketable yield (kg) plot-1, marketable and unmarketable yield (q) ha-1, harvest index, biomass plant-1, dry matter partitioning, tuber yield(g) plant-1 (401.87), tuber yield (kg) plot-1 (30.14) and total tuber yield (q) ha -1 (334.89) with highest net profit (226235.42Rs.), b:c ratio (3.04) and quality parameters (reducing sugar content, total sugar, starch, protein and fiber per cent with content of chlorophyll) was also obtainedunder F2 (10 t FYM ha-1). The 100% RDF of NPK(C3) had remarkable superiority over all the levels of fertility for growth parameters (plant emergence per cent, plant height (cm), number of shoots plant-1, number of compound leaves plant-1, tuber initiation (in days), leaf area index, fresh weight of shoots (g) plant-1, dry weight of shoots (g) plant-1) and yield attributes [number of stolons plant-1, number of tubers plant-1, fresh and dry weight of tubers, tuberization efficiency, dry matter content of tuber, shoot and roots plant-1, grade wise number of tubers plot-1,grade wise yield (kg) plot-1, number of marketable and unmarketable tubers plant-1, marketable and unmarketable yield (kg) plot-1, marketable and unmarketable yield (q) ha-1, harvest index, biomass plant-1, dry matter partitioning, tuber yield (g) plant-1 (406.44), tuber yield (kg) plot-1 (30.48) and total tuber yield (q) ha -1 (338.70)] with highest net profit (225567.35 Rs.), b:c ratio (3.00) and quality parameters (reducing sugar content, total sugar, starch, protein and fiber per cent with content of chlorophyll) was also obtained under C3 (100% RDF)than the other levels of RDF. However the maximum unmarketable tuber yield (kg plot-1& q ha-1) was noticed with 50% RDF and control (0% RDF). Thus 100% RDF found superior for this trait also as the lowest number and weight of unmarketable tubers noted in this treatment. Among the levels of biofertilizers combination of both Azoto+PSB has recorded remarkably higherin growth parameters, yield attributesand quality parameters with net profit (198100.80Rs.) and benefit: cost ratio (2.8) was also obtained maximum under B1(Azotobacter+ PSB)than all the other treatments. The interaction data over the year indicated that between interaction effects of levels of FYM F2 (10 t FYM ha-1)with levels of fertility C3(100% RDF) or application of biofertilizerB1(Azotobacter+ PSB) showed significant effect for all growth, yield and quality parameters during both the years as well as in the pooled data under this study.