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ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF KALYANI ADIVASI MAHILASELF HELPGROUP (SHG): A CASE STUDYOF BALOD DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), 2020) Sahu, Girdhar; Choudhary, V.K.; Pathak, H.; Jha, Deepti; Lakhera, M.L.A Self- Help Group (SHG) is a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 10 to 20 local women between 18 to 40 years. SHG is nothing but a group of people who are on daily wages, they form a group and from that group one person collects the money and gives the money to the person who is in need”. To know the business performance of SHG, kalyani Adivashi Mahila Self Help Group of village Batera district Balod was selected purposively for the present study. The selected SHG was established on 2006. The KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVKs) of Indira Gandhi KrishiVishwavidyalaya (IGKV),Balod gave the technical guidance for producing and marketing of Ber products. kalyani Adivashi Mahila SHG Bateraperformed different activities like preparation of nurseries of different crops, production of seeds, making of vermicompost and NADEP compost, chain fencing. They are mainly work on Ber, in this project 11 workers/members were worked assigned. Under this project they were making four products of Ber i.e. Ber powder, Berpickle, Ber papad and Ber candy.Ziziphus mauritiana is recognized globally for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. The Ber pickle was produced in major amount i.e. 60 percent and rest of the products like Ber powder, Ber candy and Ber papad were 20, 15 and 5percent respectively. The literacy rate of the members of SHG was 82%, the majority of the respondents of SHG belonged to the age between 40 to 50 years and all of them were married. The average Input-Output ratios of Ber powder, Ber candy, Ber papad and Ber pickle were 1:1.53, 1:1.75, 1:1.75 and 1:2.17 respectively. Similarly VC ratios were found to be 0.65, 0.57, 0.57 and 0.46 respectively. The business performance of Ber products Ber pickle gives maximum profit followed by Ber powder. Overall net profit of Kalyani Adivashi Mahila SHG was found to be rupees 68,999/year from the different Ber products. Major constraints were found in order of their ranking priority of SHG Batera were unavailability of Ber in off seasons, high packaging cost, transportation cost, lack of advertisement, poor facilities, knowledge and hygiene in village, long distance market, lack of marketing skills etc. To overcome these constraints, certain measures were suggested such as Tie ups with local super markets/e-commerce space to increase shelf presence is recommended and establishing self-service kiosk in garden porch colonies, market places will enhance product sale along with educating about the products health benefits.ThesisItem Open Access ETHNIC FOOD MARKETING IN RAIPUR CITY(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Joshi, Sakshi Sharad; Gauraha, A.K.; Koshta, A.K.; Khare, Neeta; Shukla, S.Self Help Groups (SHGs), in essence, works on the principle of “Self-reliance by the people”. In a country like India that has a significant population living in poverty, the concept of SHGs allows these people to work towards helping better their lives socially and financially by optimally utilizing the resources already at their disposal. Keeping the above mentioned details in regards to SHGs in mind, the research work was undertaken to understand the details and operations of Women SHGs in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Raipur is home to four ethnic specializing restaurants run by the Monisha Women’s SHG, of which, “Gadh Kaleva” is selected to study purposively for present research work. Personal interviews were conducted with members of the Monisha Women’s SHG to gather primary information directly from the source, and at the same time, secondary information in the form of reports, journal and the internet was also relied on to develop initial understanding and support findings. In the selected SHG (Gadh Kaleva), of the total members, 44% comprise of women 51% of respondents have only studied till middle school and this also happens to be the maximum level of literacy within the group, 65% of the members were married. This SHG offers a variety of seven Chhattisgarhi dishes out of which Chila contributes to about 30% of the SHGs output. Furthermore, in terms of sweets, Gadh Kaleva offers eight products out of which Airsa contributes to about 20% of their production output, the highest among the eight sweet offerings. The average Input-Output Ratio of Monisha women SHGs product in regards to breakfast products the maximum input-output ratio was 01:04.3 and Minimum input-output ratio was 01:02.3. In sweet products the maximum input-output ratio was 1:01.8 and minimum input-output ratio was 01:01.1. Similarly, VC Ratio of Monisha women SHGs product in regards to sweet product the Maximum VC ratio was 0.87 and Minimum VC ratio was 0.49 and In breakfast products the Maximum VC ratio was 0.65 and Minimum VC ratio was 0.41. In case of breakfast items chila was found to be maximum profitable items followed by chausela and marapitha, dehrauri ,pidiya ,khaja, Thethri and khurmi were the most profitable items among the sweet items. overall net profit of monisha self help group was found to be breakfast 1248600 and sweet 102435 rupees per year from the different ethnic food products. On the basic of overall performance, it is found that, both for breakfast products and sweet products, products contributing towards maximum Input-Output Ration and maximum VC Ratio are the ones that are contributing heavily to profitability. The primary constraints to better performance of Gadh Kaleva were determined to be, lack of technical knowledge and lack of marketing in the form of advertisements. There are some Suggestions for betterment of selected SHGs (Gadh Kaleva) such as is to aware the people about the health benefits of ethnic foods, advertising will also help develop market interest and encourage other ethnic food enthusiasts to set up their own business, Gadh Kaleva should invest in their packaging design to enhance their visibility and impact on the market, for parking of vehicles a section off a designated space should be allowed for customers to park their vehicles. Government should come up with schemes that would extend support to the current four ethnic restaurants in Raipur while at the same time providing subsidies or other kind of support to others who are interested in setting up SHGs that sell ethnic foods. There are some suggestions for future work that the studies should be undertaken and published in regards to all the Ethnic foods specific to the Chhattisgarh state so that awareness in this regards in the minds of the local public increases. Chhattisgarh government should encourage setting up of SHGs specializing in offering ethnic foods so that, in the future, this will allow for enhanced marketing for ethnic foods.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF JAI MAA SHAKTI SELF HELP GROUP (SHG) : A CASE STUDY OF RAIPUR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Ayush; Gauraha, A.K.; Choudhary, V.K.; Dantre, R.K.; Chandrakar, G.Self Help Groups (SHGs) work on "people's autonomy" principles. The SHG concept enables people to work socially and financially to improve their lives by making optimum use of existing resources. In fact, SHGs for women foster the equality of minorities, since this segment of society has for many decades been neglected. Women who experienced common struggles in life and have the same kind of lifestyle always tend to build sense of belonging and camaraderie.To know the business performance of SHG, Jai MaaSakhti Self Help Group of village AMERI (Arang) district Raipur was selected purposively for the present study. The selected SHG was established on 2012. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV),Raipur gave the technical guidance for producing and marketing of Mushroom products. The selected SHG is mainly work on Mushroom products, in this project 10 workers/members were worked assigned. Under this project they were making three products of mushroom i.e. mushroom powder, Mushroom pickle and mushroom papad. Mushroom(Agaricuscampestris)is recognized globally for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Almost each and every part of mushroom plant has dietary value and having pharmacological properties. In India pods are cooked as a vegetable and exported fresh or canned to many countries for Indian migrants.The mushroom powder was produced in major amount i.e. 65 percent and rest of the products like mushroom pickle and mushroom papad were 25 and 10 percent respectively.The literacy rate of the members of SHG was 50%, the majority of the respondents in the study area belonged to the age between 30 to 40 years and most of them were married (80 percent). The average Input-Output ratios of mushroom powder, mushroom pickle, and mushroom papad were 1:2.8, 1:1.21 and 1:1.6 respectively. Similarly VC ratios were found to be 0.48, 0.48 and 0.61respectively.On the basic of overall performance, it is found that, Mushroom products contributing towards maximum Input-Output Ration and maximum VC Ratio are the ones that are contributing heavily to profitability. Business performance of mushroom products mushroom powder gives maximum profit followed by mushroom pickles and mushroom papad. Overall net profit of Jai MAA Sakhti SHG was found to be rupees 117410 /year from the different mushroom products. Major constraints were found in order of their ranking priority of SHG were , high packaging cost, transportation cost, lack of advertisement, poor facilities, knowledge and hygiene in village, long distance market, lack of marketing skills etc. To overcome these constraints, certain measures were suggested such as Tie ups with local super markets/e-commerce space to increase shelf presence is recommended and establishing self-service kiosk in garden porch colonies, market places will enhance product sale along with educating about the products health benefits.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF ASTHA GRAM SANGATHAN SELF HELP GROUP (SHG) : A CASE STUDY OF RAIPUR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Gupta, Aman Kumar; Gauraha, A.K.; Chandrakar, M.R.; Sharma, Praveen Kumar; Ramole, S.A Self- Help Group (SHG) is a financial intermediary committee usually composed of 10 to 20 local women between 18 to 40 years. SHG is nothing but a group of people who are on daily wages, they form a group and from that group one person collects the money and gives the money to the person who is in need”. To know the business performance of SHG, Astha Gram Sangathan Self Help Group of village Biladi (Tilda) district Raipur was selected purposively for the present study. The selected SHG was established on 2016. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur gave the technical guidance for producing and marketing of moringa products. Astha Gram SHG Biladi performed different activities like preparation of nurseries of different crops, production of seeds, making of vermicompost and NADEP compost, chain fencing, making of poha . From year 2018 they are mainly work on moringa, in this project 10 workers/members were worked assigned. Under this project they were making three products of moringa i.e. moringa leaf powder, drumstick pickle and moringa herbal tea.Moringa oleifera is recognized globally for its nutritional and medicinal benefits and industrial uses. Almost each and every part of moringa plant has dietary value and having pharmacological properties. In India pods are cooked as a vegetable and exported fresh or canned to many countries for Indian migrants. The moringa leaf powder was produced in major amount i.e. 60 percent and rest of the products like drumstick pickle and moringa herbal tea were 30 and 10 percent respectively. The literacy rate of the members of SHG was 50%, the majority of the respondents of SHG belonged to the age between 30 to 40 years and most of them were married (80 percent).The average Input-Output ratios of moringa leaf powder, drumstick pickle, and moringa herbal tea were 1:3.84, 1:1.25 and 1:1.5 respectively. Similarly VC ratios were found to be 0.26, 0.80 and 0.66 respectively. The business performance of moringa products moringa leaf powder gives maximum profit followed by drumstick pickles and moringa herbal tea. Overall net profit of Astha gram sangathan SHG was found to be rupees 106725/year from the different moringa products. Major constraints were found in order of their ranking priority of SHG Biladi were unavailability of moringa in off seasons, high packaging cost, transportation cost, lack of advertisement, poor facilities, knowledge and hygiene in village, long distance market, lack of marketing skills etc. To overcome these constraints, certain measures were suggested such as Tie ups with local super markets/e-commerce space to increase shelf presence is recommended and establishing self-service kiosk in garden porch colonies, market places will enhance product sale along with educating about the products health benefits.ThesisItem Open Access FRESH FRUIT JUICES – A STUDY ON VALUE ADDITION AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN RAIPUR CITY OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Puna Ram; Gauraha, A.K.; Chaudhary, V.K.; Sharma, G.L.; Saxena, R.R.Fruit juices are mostly used in urban households. Today market is flooded with large variety of fruit juices e.g., Pineapple, Apple, Sweet lemon, Mango and Pomegranate fruit juice. The main reason for it is changing lifestyle and health consciousness among consumers. The present study aims to examine the present scenario of fruit juice in Raipur city of Chhattisgarh state. The specific objectives of the present study were (i)To work out the economics of fresh fruit juice. (ii) To study the Supply chain system of fruits in Raipur city, and (iii) To identify the consumer perceptions and preferences towards fresh fruit juice. In Raipur city of Chhattisgarh state, 50 fruit juice shops including 25 established vendors and 25 street vendorswere selected randomly for the present study. Multiple survey of Fruit juice shops,200 consumers were alsoselected randomly to know the consumer perceptions and preferences towards fresh fruit juice. As per the analysis of data for the established vendors - the cost of 1 litre pineapple,mango, pomegranate,sweet lemon and apple fruit juice were ₹62, ₹50, ₹ 132, ₹70 and ₹ 113 respectively. Gross income of 1 litre pineapple,mango, pomegranate, sweet lemon and apple fruit juice were ₹150, ₹100, ₹250, ₹150 and ₹250respectively. The Input Output ratio of 1 litre pineapple,mango, pomegranate, sweet lemon and apple fruit juice were 1:2.42, 1:2, 1:1.89, 1:2.14 and 1:2.21 respectively. For the street vendors - the cost of 1 litremango, sweet lemon, pomegranate, pineapple fruit juice and sugarcane juice were ₹33, ₹ 49, ₹102, ₹58 and ₹19 respectively. Gross income of 1 litremango, sweet lemon, pomegranate, pineapple fruit juice and sugarcane juice were ₹50, ₹100, ₹250, ₹150 and ₹50 respectively. The Input Output ratio of 1 litremango, sweet lemon, pomegranate, pineapple fruit juice and sugarcane juice were 1:1.51, 1:2.04, 1:2.45, 1:2.58 and 1:2.63 respectively.It was found that 25, 22, 16, 15, 14 and 8 percent consumers prefers Pineapple, Apple, Sweet Lemon, Mango, Pomegranate and Sugarcane juice respectively inRaipur city, it means maximum consumer prefers were Pineapple juice. The percentage of consumers for the preference of fruit juice by price range i.e. less than ₹20, ₹20-40, ₹40-60 and more than ₹60 were 20, 48, 25 and 7percent respectively. That means more consumers preferred the price range of fruit juice of ₹20-40.The major constraints were: damage of fruits during transportation, higher cost for fruit because it was imported from the other states, stocks did not openly kept because of highly perish ability of fruits and fruit juice as well. Study suggested that during transportation use the proper packaging material to avoid the damage of fruits, Production of fruits in our state should be promoted to reduce the cost of raw material and stocks should manage properly in respect to demand of fruit juice.ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY ON MARKETING OF GOATS FARMING IN KORBA DISTRICT(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Sonwani, Dhaneshwari; Koshta, A.K.; Joshi, S.K.; Senger, R.S.; Lakhera, M.L.There is a special place for goat rearing in the rural areas of Chhattisgarh. In the rural surroundings, we get meat, milk, manure and skin from a goat called a cow of poor, which is a good source of income. The population of the goat in the state was 29 lakhs, which reares by 12 percent rural families, Among them. The law investment and low maintenance cost of goat farming so that marginal &small farmers have being adopted the goat farming as business Demand for goat meat is increasing due to urbanization, development and Increase the per capita income of villages. Despite the increase in population in goats every year, the demand for goat meat remains in the market as per the daily consumption of meat per day has also increased for this reason the price of goat meat is increasing day by day. The Present investigation was carried out to fulfilled the major objectives of goat marketing pattern were 15 respondents of 4 villages Salora, Lakhanpur (sutarha), Dhauradongri and Batra for that were selected from Katghora and pali block in korba district of Chhattisgarh. The data were analysed through conventional analytical tools like percentage and average the result of study have shown in goat farming was gross income obtained per farm per annum (122786.66) and net return earned by labour of Rs. (92211.66) and gross return per goat was Rs. (14185)and net return per goat was Rs.(6147). The majority of goat owners were middle- aged (53.34%) and literate was(70) percentage .other Backward castes was found to be the male and female ratio was 56.38% : 43.62% male headed goat owners and Total land holding (16.43) were rainfed area (43.03%) ,Irrigated area was (56.97%) of small land holders. The housing and management practices revealed that most of goat owners had shed attached to own house (66.66), Open type house (33.33%) and of dung, clay soil used was floor purpose (73.33%). The majority of goat owners (66.66%) were providing separate housing for Sick animal. Most of goat owners provided ventilation facility in the goat shed (86.66%). Most of goat owners use the local method for identification of goat. The goat farmers used of two marketing channel for selling of goats channel I Grower – Consumer and channel II Grower- Broker – Butcher -Consumer – are used goat grovers sold their animal by Black Bangal (35.09%) jamunapari (28.73%), Siroch (19.92%) and Nagfani (17.24%) respectively Most of the goat growers followed ChannelI to sold their animal than that of Channel II.ThesisItem Open Access COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF OYSTER, PADDY STRAW AND BUTTON MUSHROOM IN CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Kajal; Joshi, S.K.; Koshta, A.K.; Ramole, S.; Chandrakar, D.K.India, being a developing country, is a diverse agro-climatic, abundance of agricultural wastes, a relatively low cost labour and a rich fungus fortunate for biodiversity. Combined these factors are a potentially prominent productive of India, temperate tropical and subtropical mushroom species. The market for Mushrooms continues to grow due to their culinary, nutrition, and interest in health benefits. They also show the ability to use in waste management. At present mushroom production in India is approximately 0.13 million tons. Compare to other vegetable Per capita mushroom production in India 100 g per year. From 2010-2017, average annual growth rate of 4.3per cent .Out of total production of mushroom major contribution of white button mushroom(73 %), followed by oyster(16%), paddy straw mushroom(7%) and milky mushroom share is (3%).In Chhattisgarh mainly three types of mushroom are produce oyster, paddy straw and button mushroom. The present project study was under specific objectives of “comprehensive study of oyster, paddy straw and button mushroom”. Under study area deal with specific objective was spawn procurement of various source, marketing channel followed by mushroom growers, cost analysis and constraints of mushroom growers. A sample of 15 mushroom growers are selected out of 46 growers were randomly from list of mushroom growers obtain from Indira Gandhi Krishi vishwavidyalaya, Raipur within Mahasamund, Raipur and Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh plain region. Selected mushroom growers require for production procurement of various source of spawn in study area majority of spawn procurement source was IGKV; Raipur (80%).Production cost of per kg of mushroom was Rs.96.4 , On an average total fixed and variable cost was Rs 39.85 and Rs.56.99 that contributed of total cost, respectively. Average total cost of mushroom Rs 12486549.64 per year, total gross return was Rs. 19341000 and net return Rs. 6854450.36 per year. Find out the mushroom benefit cost ratio was 1.54, mushroom by product produced by growers like mushroom power, dry mushroom, mushroom pickle and Badi etc.; every mushroom product benefit cost ratio was 0.44, 0.63, 0.91 and 0.62 respectively. Mushroom growers follow disposal pattern in study area majority (53%) of direct channel (Producer-Consumer); marketing cost per kg mushroom was Rs.6. Button mushroom marketing involve retailer in channel ,retailer received higher share of margin was Rs.90 per kg of mushroom. Mushroom growers faced various types of marketing mix related problems in study area. Product development stage faced majority of compost contamination, disease and pest attack and unavailability of quality spawn. Mushroom marketing majority of lack of storage facility, spoilage of mushroom, and relatively higher price to other vegetable crop, price fluctuation and seasonal variation was factors of price, and lack of awareness of mushroom nutritive and medicinal properties. Suggestions of mushroom grower’ problem overcame to govt. should provide cold storage in block level and consumer awareness programme conduct in village areas.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF PADDY IN DHAMTARI DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Pawar, Vipul; Gauraha, A.K.; Kostha, A.K.; Banjara, G.P.; Ramole, S.The present study was attempted so as to assess the economics of production and processing of paddy in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh state. Dhamtari district includes four blocks to be specific, Dhamtari, Kurud, Magarload, Nagri. Dhamtari block of Dhamtari district was selected purposively. Random sample of 150 farmers has drawned of total population of selected 3 villages. Two processing units for each of processing unit of raw rice and parboiled rice has been selected. Thus total 8 processing units were undertaken for the study. The study required both primary and secondary data. The data were obtained by interviewing the households and paddy processors through survey method using pre-tested question schedule. Study was concluded with findings that the area under paddy registered a positive growth rate in Dhamtari district (0.94 per cent) as well as in Chhattisgarh state (0.19 per cent) during the study period (2008-2018) . Growth rate in production of paddy was calculated 0.83 per cent in Dhamtari district and 0.19 per cent in Chhattisgarh state during the study period. Growth rate in productivity of paddy was calculated 0.85 per cent in Dhamtari district and 0.20 per cent in Chhattisgarh state during the study period. Most of the selected farmers were primarily educated. About 38.03per cent cultivated area was comes under Irrigation. Paddy was the main crop in the study region. Cost of paddy cultivation per hectare were calculated at Rs.48780.99 ,Rs. 49551.46,Rs. 52225.06 and Rs. 50129.74, and Rs. 50116.07for marginal farms, small farms, medium farms, large farms and overall respectively, showing a growing trend with growing farm size and a positive correlation with farm size. Per quintal processing cost of raw rice was calculated Rs.242.14 at average size of processing unit, while it was Rs. 451.44 for parboiled rice. Net profit from average size processing unit of raw rice was found Rs.1195.36 while it was Rs.1148.56 in case of parboiled rice processing unit. Calculated benefit cost ratio was 1:0.96 and 1:0.79 for raw processing unit and parboiled processing unit respectively. In processing of paddy, electricity problem was ranked first by sample paddy processors of Dhamtari block with average score of 90.22 per cent and administrative problems was observed less severe by the paddy processors of Dhamtari block with average score of 37.5 per cent. Study proposed that Farmers must be encouraged to use adequate amounts of input such as fertilizers, enhanced seed, pesticide, and irrigation water to improve paddy productivity. The main issues faced by rice mills are bad raw material quality owing to greater moisture content, delay in the central government's announcement of levy rates, and demand for gratification while accepting rice from procurement organizations. Processing of paddy in the form of raw rice and boiled rice under different scale are profitable business so more number of processing plant can be established , that will be help full to improve the economic condition of people up to same extant in the study area. Based on net differential gain in paddy processing, instead of only paddy grain being sold by the cultivators, it is suggested that he embrace the processing and then sell the item, which will help to increase the revenue. More lenient outlook should be adopted by the Government for providing liscence to the entrepreneurs for paddy processing mills and adequate credit facilities should be provided for encouraging the establishment of paddy processing mills in the study area. Electricity problem was the major problem for most of the processing plants. So it is urgently required to provide electricity to paddy processor at reasonable cost by Government.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON VALUE ADDITION OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS IN GANGAMAIYA COOPERATIVE PLANT IN BALOD DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2019) Khosla, Kajal; Gauraha, A.K.; Chandrakar, M.R.; Das, G.K.; Saxena, R.R.Dairy industry is divided into several production sectors.As milk is the second largest agricultural commodity contributing to GNP, next to rice, the dairy sub sectors build a significant position in the agricultural economy of India. The result of the present work would, be of help to understand the dairy products’ marketing and will upgrade the marketing system of dairy cooperatives of Chhattisgarh. The work is also significant for the formulation and implementation on of appropriate policies; refine efficiency of different factors in marketing system for minimizing cost and planning strategies for future success. Furthermore, In the whole country as well as in Chhattisgarh studies are very limited on the on the important aspect of dairy value added products processing and marketing in cooperative plants. The outcome of the present work would be helpful to improve the efficiency of dairy products manufacturing and marketing in cooperative dairy sector of Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted in the Balod district of Chhattisgarh, as it stands fourth place in the milk production in the state. For the purpose of detailed study one milk cooperative plant i.e. Gangamaiyan cooperative dairy Plant was selected in Balod district. Toned milk Paneer, Khirkadam,Peda,Dahi and Khoa were the major dairy products produced by Gangamaiyan dairy plant. The average monthly production of Toned milk was 19.069 thousand liters followed by Dahi 1154.7kg, Paneer 465.29kg, Khoa 398.5kg,Khirkadam 395.7kg, and Peda 210.9kg and their average monthly cost of production were Rs. 688.55 thousand for Toned milk, Rs.57.592 thousand for Dahi, Rs.92.110 thousand for Paneer, Rs.52.927 thousand Rs. for Khoa, Rs.105.779 thousand for Khirkadam and Rs.53.300 thousand for Peda. Cost of production for per liter of Toned milk was Rs.36.07,Per kg ofDahi was Rs.49.8, per kg of Khoa was Rs.132.7, Per kg of Khirkadam was Rs.200.35, Per kg of Paneer was Rs.198.4 and Per kg of Peda was Rs.252.42. Benefit behind per liter of toned milk was Rs.3.93, for per kg of Dahi was Rs.30.6, for per kg of Khoa was Rs.188, for per kg of Paneer was Rs.101.58, for per kg of Khirkadam was Rs.199.65 and for per kg of Peda was Rs.107.58. It was observed that, the Benefit-cost Ratio was highest (1:1.41) for Khoa and lowest (1:0.10) for toned milk. Benefit-cost ratio for Paneer, Khirkadam, Peda and Dahi were 1:0.51, 1:0.49, 1:0.42 and 1:0.60 respectively. The product mix should be reoriented as per the changing market environment and superfluous expenses should be avoided. The co-operative Plants should formulate vision and strategy. Distribution of the product should be focused to many more places so that the availability of the product will be increased in the market and the Plant gets more profit gains.
