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Theses (Ph.D.)

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 27
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF POLYDIOXANONE POLYGLYTONE 6211 CATGUT FOR MUSCLE CLOSURE AND 2-OCTYL CYANOACRYLATE GLUE SURGICAL STAPLES AND POLYGLACTIN 910 FOR SKIN CLOSURE IN DOGS FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2023) MALLIKARJUN; B.V. SHIVAPRAKASH
    The thirty six clinical cases of dogs have been randomly divided into six groups each group consisting of six dogs. In groups 1, 2 and 3 dog's abdominal muscle wound was closed with polydioxanone, polyglytone 6211 and chromic catgut size 0. In groups A, B and C dogs the abdominal skin wound was closed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue, surgical staple and polyglactin 910 suture respectively. Laporotmy was performed under atropine, xylazine, and propofol anesthesia and maintained with isoflurane 2-3%. The physiological, hematological and biochemical examination was done pre-operatively, on day 0, 7, 14 and 30 post-operatively. Leukocytosis was observed only in group 3 dogs on days 7 and 14. Neutrophilia was observed on day 7 and day 14 in groups 1, 2 and 3 dogs. Physiological, hematological and biochemical values have fluctuated within normal physiological limits in all the groups of dogs. The mean value of skin closure time in group A was lesser than that of group B and C dogs. Polyglactin 910 sutured group provided a better cosmetic appearance when compared to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue and surgical staples for skin closure in dogs. On day 14 exudation was not seen in any groups of dogs. Infection was not seen in any groups of dogs at any interval after surgery. On histopathological and transmission electron microscopic examination of biopsy revealed that polyglytone 6211 sutured muscle caused lesser inflammation when compared to polydioxanone and chromic catgut suture on days 7, 14 and 30 post-operatively. Abdominal skin wound closed with 2- octyl cyanoacrylate glue, surgical staple and polyglactin 910 caused minimal inflammation on day 7, 14 and 30 post-operatively in groups A, B and C respectively. Scanning electron microscopic study was conducted to study the surface changes of tissue and materials on days 7, 14 and 30 post-operatively in all the groups of dogs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF STEINMANN PIN AND INTRA-MEDULLARY INTERLOCKING NAIL FOR TIBIAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN BOVINES AND CAPRINES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2023) VIJAY KUMAR; D. DILIPKUMAR)
    The present study was conducted in two stages. In stage I, incidence of fractures in cattle presented to Veterinary College, Bidar from January 2017 to December 2021 was analysed. It was found that the overall incidence of fractures among all clinical cases was 0.97 per cent and among the surgical cases, it was 3.94 per cent presented for the treatment at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Bidar. The fracture incidence was higher in female cattle (62.65%) than their male counterpart. Similarly, female goat(58.88) were more affected with fracture than male goat. The bovines and caprines were affected more with fracture during monsoon season followed by other seasons. Hindlimbs were more commonly involved (59.84%) than forelimbs. The tibiafibula was commonly affected bone in bovines and caprine. In stage II, comparative healing of fractures was studied before operation, immediately after operation, 30th, 45th and 60th post-operative days in bovines and caprines based on clinical, biochemical and radiological findings. On clinical observations of weight bearing (lameness grading), animals treated with static IILN showed early weight bearing (immediately after operation) when compared to dynamic IILN and Steinmann pin in both bovines and caprines (3rd post-operative day) respectively. Post-operative complications were recorded in both groups. In Steinmann pinning group pin migration, pin tract infection were noticed while in IILN groups bolt bending was seen. The physiological findings, biochemical parameters were of little value in assessing the fracture healing. Radiographic evaluation showed bone healing by negligible callus in IILN treated bovines and caprines. Based on clinical, physiological, biochemical and radiological findings, it was concluded that, Steinmann pinning is effective for repair of short oblique/transverse/transverse without dentate and IILN technique for long oblique/spiral/transverse dentate/comminuted femoral fractures in both bovines and caprines respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AS WELL AS SURGICAL TREATMENT OF FOREIGN BODY INDUCED RETICULAR AFFECTIONS AND PERICARDITIS IN BOVINES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) AJJANAGI BHIMAPPA; DILIPKUMAR, D.)
    The present study was conducted in 24 cases of bovines suffering with foreign body induced reticular affections and pericarditis presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Bidar and different parts of Karnataka. The animals were divided into two main groups as reticular affections and pericarditis consisting of 12 animals in each with two subgroups. On the basis of conclusive diagnosis reticular affection group (n=12) was subdivided into two groups as group I and group II with six cattle and six buffaloes respectively. Similarly, pericarditis group was also subdivided into group I and group II with six cattle in each. All four groups were subjected to clinical, haemato-biochemical followed by radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Haemato-biochemical estimation revealed anemia, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, eosinophilia, leucocytosis, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated AST and ALT. Lateral chest and ventro-dorsal view of radiography revealed presence of metallic foreign bodies in reticulum and pericardium. Ultrasonography of reticular affections showed reduced reticular motility, presence of fluid in the peritoneum. Whereas, pericarditis group showed tachycardia, increased pericardial thickness and presence of fluid. Based on the diagnosis, reticular affection groups (group I and II) were subjected to laparo-rumenotomy under local anaesthesia, for retrieval of the foreign bodies from the reticulum. Whereas, in pericarditis groups, group I was subjected to pericardiocentesis, pericardiostomy followed by laparo-rumenotomy. Group II was underwent to 5th rib resection, pericardiotomy, pericardiectomy followed by pericardiostomy with Foley’s catheter and pericardial lavage for 5-7 days. Postoperativey, both the groups of reticular affections were administered antibiotics, analgesics and supportive therapy. Group I and II of pericarditis were administered different antibiotics and supportive therapy based on the ABST results. Post-operatively follow up observations are made on day 0, day 3 and day 7. Hence, radiography and ultrasonography played an important role to detect the foreign bodies in initial stages and laparo-rumenotomy, pericardiostomy and pericardiotomy with 5th rib resection can be performed under local anaesthesia without IPPV. All these surgical techniques can be performed at field level and life of the calf can be saved in case of pregnant animals suffering with traumatic pericarditis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON NON-INVASIVE RETROGRADE RETRIEVAL OF NON-POTENTIAL FOREIGN BODIES FROM THE CAUDAL CERVICAL ESOPHAGHUS IN BOVINES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-08-01) THARASING DAKU LAMANI; B. N. NAGARAJA
    The occurrence of esophageal obstruction in bovines was studied at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College Hospital, Hebbal, Bengaluru. Higher incidence of esophageal obstruction was noticed in cattle. The occurrence of oesophageal obstruction in bovines was 01.06%. Higher occurrence was noticed in adult animals of 06 to 10 years age. Most of the obstructions were at caudal cervical region and major foreign bodies recovered were hard masses of vegetables waste/fruits. The assessment of diagnostic value of clinical signs, palpation, passing of probang, plain and contrast radiography to diagnose the esophageal obstruction was carried out. Acute bloat, salivation and swelling at cervical region of esophagus were the most conspicuous clinical sign noticed. Palpation of neck region was of diagnostic value in 87.50% of animals. A probang was proved to be of 100% tool diagnostic for detecting the intraluminal obstruction. Plain radiography was proved to be of value in diagnosing cervical obstruction only in 12.50% of the cases. Contrast radiography proved to be a confirmatory diagnostic test in detecting cervical obstruction and thoracic esophageal obstruction in 100% of cervical and thoracic obstructive cases. The clinical study was conducted in 16 bovines and six animals were randomly selected. Conservative management using Needle and Wire technique with manual pushing of foreign body towards the mouth was employed with a success rate of 100% in retrieving foreign body in six animals. No complications were seen in all animals. No significant alterations were noticed in physiological or haematological parameters before and after treating cervical esophageal obstruction. No significant changes were noticed in serum creatinine, ALT and blood urea nitrogen levels. It was concluded that palpation, passing of probang were easy field oriented methods, whereas contrast radiography was a very effective diagnostic aid for the diagnosis of esophageal obstruction. Different methods of treatments could be adopted such as manual retrieval of foreign body in very few selected cases whereas, Needle and Wire technique method adopted in all obstructive cases (6/6) yielded over 100.00% of success if done skilfully. To conclude, the cases of choke must be attended on emergency basis. Non-invasive technique proved to be safe and can be followed even at field level. Key words: Occurrence, Esophageal obstruction, Acute bloat, Radiography, Needle and wire technique
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE ESTIMATION OF PLASTIC RESIDUES IN MILK OF BOVINES WITH RUMINAL IMPACTION – PROGNOSTIC, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-02-01) KAMALAKAR GURRAM; B. N. NAGARAJA
    Ruminal impaction with plastic indigestion is often encountered in bovines in and around Bengaluru due to scanty grazing areas, indiscriminate feeding habbit and easy access to plastic bags. An occurrence study was conducted among bovines presented to Dept. of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru. Among 1,248 bovines, 40 cows (1.28 %) were diagnosed with rumen impaction and plastics were removed from seven (0.56 %). Preponderance of plastic impaction was noticed in milch and non-pregnant HF breed cows followed by Jersey crossbred cattle of medium age (4-8 years). Cows with plastic impaction showed clinical signs like inappetance to anorexia, dullness, depression, dehydration, constipation, dysgalactia, recurrent bloat, regurgitation and mild tachycardia. Per rectal examination revealed hard pellet like to scanty dung. Rumen liquor was alkaline, watery, straw coloured and devoid of microflora. Haemato-biochemical analysis reveled anaemia with low haemoglobin and PCV, leucocytosis with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, hyperglycemia, increased BUN, reduced protein, calcium and phosphorous with normal AST, ALT. Ultrasonography could recognize plastics as hyperechoic zones in rumen. Rumen hook could diagnose plastics in rumen. Standing left flank laparo-rumenotomy was performed under paravertebral nerve block and retrieved indigestible foreign bodies including plastic bags, tubes, wires, threads, ropes, bone pieces, coins and sand. About 250 ml of milk was collected pre and post surgery from six plastic impacted animals and analyzed for PCBs, Dioxins and Phthalates. Only three (DBP, DEHP and BBP) out of five phthalate congeners (LOD – 1.5 pg/g fat, LOQ – 0.5 pg/g milk fat) were identified and quantified. The total concentrations of Phthalates before surgery in six animals ranged from 57.99 – 134.20 μg/g milk fat and were non-significantly declined after 10 days of post surgery (ranged from 40.45 to 125.75 μg/g milk fat). Key words: Cattle, Plastic impaction, Rumenotomy, Milk analysis, Plastic derived residues.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INTRAARTICULAR CHITOSAN DRUG DELIVERY IMPREGNATED WITH SUITABLE ANTIBIOTIC AND HONEY FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS/JOINT ILL IN CALVES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2021-04-01) CH. MALLIKARJUNA RAO; B. N. NAGARAJA
    Twelve clinical cases of septic arthritis in calves were divided in to two groups of six animals each and subjected to intra articular chitosan drug delivery system impregnated with ceftiofur sodium in Group I and honey in Group II. In present study, there was a significant increase in rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate observed in on the day of presentation and all these parameters reached to normal baseline values after initiation of treatment. The mean total erythrocyte count, Hb and PCV values on the day presentation were lower on day 0 and further the parameters were gradually increased to reach normal base values on 28th day in both the groups. Majority of the synovial fluid samples on the day of presentation were purulent or opaque and turbid with suspended fibrinous flocculent material and became clear and viscous on 14th day in both the groups. Total protein, total WBC count, PMN cells count of the synovial fluid/ joint discharge were significantly higher on day of the presentation and returned to its normal values on 28th day in both the groups. Elevated levels of ALP, AST, glucose and low levels of LDH were recorded on 0th day and the values reached to normal levels on 28th day. Bacterial isolates from synovial fluid/discharges were Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp and Escherichia coli. Most common radiographic findings in present study was soft tissue swelling with widened joint spaces. Ultrasonography of affected joints in both groups revealed joint effusion as hypoechoic areas. SEM, FTIR and DSC studies of ceftiofur microspheres were conducted. Intra-articular administration of honey and ceftiofur microspheres was effective for treatment of septic arthritis in calves without any adverse effects. It is concluded that, chitosan drug delivery system impregnated with ceftiofur sodium has advantage with single injection and sustained prolonged release in a joint. Key words: Septic arthritis/joint ill, honey and ceftiofur sodium microspheres
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARISON OF INTRA OCULAR LENS (IOL) IMPLANTATION WITH AND WITHOUT CAPSULAR TENSION RING (CTR) PLACEMENT FOLLOWING PHACOEMULSIFICATION IN CATARACTOUS DOGS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-07-01) SANTOSH KAREBHARMANNAVAR; L. RANGANATH
    The present study was carried out among the dogs presented to the Veterinary College Hospital, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore during the period from November 2016 to October 2018. During the study period, totally 20,546 cases were presented, of which, the number of dogs presented with cataract were 57 (0.28%), with a highest occurrence in Labrador Retriever breed (40.36%), followed by Pomeranian (28.08%), Nondescript (10.53%), German Shepherd, Golden Retriever and Pug (3.51%), Siberian Husky, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmatian and Mudhol Hound (1.75%). The average age of dogs suffering from cataract was 7.38 years. Highest occurrence was seen in male (56.14%) as compared to female (43.86%). Detailed pre-surgical evaluation viz., clinical examination, visual function tests, haematological and biochemical parameters was done. Accordingly, twelve dogs with mature cataract were selected and randomly divided into two groups viz., group A and group B, six dogs in each group. Group A dogs were subjected for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, whereas group B dogs were subjected for capsular tension ring (CTR) placement, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. In the present study, 50% of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) was noticed in dogs without CTR placement as compared to the dogs with CTR placement, where only 16.67% of PCO noticed at the end of study period. The present study showed that there were no significant changes in physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters pre and post-surgery. In conclusion, CTR placement reduced the chances of PCO, when used in conjunction with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in dogs with cataract.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    REPAIR OF FEMORAL FRACTURES USING TITANIUM IMPLANTS OF INTRAMEDULLARY INTER LOCKING NAIL, DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE AND LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE IN DOGS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2021-02) JAGAN MOHAN REDDY. K; D. DILIPKUMAR
    In the present study, the prevalence of fracture among the total clinical cases was 0.76% and among the surgical cases, it was 2.9%. Out of these 253 dogs with fractures, fractures involving the femur were encountered in 105 dogs (41.5%). Out of 105 femur fracture cases in dogs, eighteen clinical cases of dogs were randomly selected for present clinical study on ―repair of femoral fractures using titanium implants of Intramedullary interlocking nail, Dynamic compression plate and locking compression plate in dogs.‖ at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Among femoral fracture in different breeds was as follows. Mongrel dogs (50%), German shepherd (16.66%), Labrador (16.66%), Cocker Spaniel (5.55%), Labrador Retriever (5.55%) and Lhaso Apso (5.55%). And 77.77% of the dogs had fracture of femur due to motor vehicle accidents, 16.66% due to slipping on the floor and 5.5% due to fall from height respectively. On clinical observations of weight bearing (functional outcome and lameness grading), animals treated with titanaium DCP and titanium LCP showed early weight bearing (immediately after operation) when compared to titanium IILN technique. Lameness grading was superior in all the three groups of dogs as the implant failure in these group was not seen in any dog. Among the three groups, Group II dogs had edge over other groups as the mean age of dogs to bear the complete weight and full function of the affected limb was earlier than other two groups. In the three groups of dogs, the implant stability was remarkable until normal limb function without any complications with implants made of titanium. The Radiological scoring in all the three groups of dogsshows complete radiographic healing from 60th day to 90th day post-operatively without any disturbance in apposition, alignment, angulation and apparatus. In group I, with two dogs with femur fracture showed titanium bolt loosening on 90th post-operative day and one dog had break in distal bolt. Whereas in group II and group III, no dog developed post-operative complications, this may be due to implant stability and biomechanical compatibility of titanium dynamic compression plate, titanium self tapping cortical screws, titanium locking compression plate and titanium locking head screws. The haemato-biochemical parameters were of little value in assessing the fracture healing. Radiographic evaluation showed progression of fracture healing in most of dogs by primary callus formation with negligible callus and few dogs with secondary callus formation. It was concluded that, titanium IILN is effective for oblique, spiral and comminuted diaphyseal transverse fractures, titanium dynamic compression technique was found effective for repair of oblique/transverse fractures and titanium LCP technique for Proximal oblique and Distal transverse/ mid shaft oblique femoral fractures in dogs respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROMIFIDINE DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND XYLAZINE SEDATION WITH KETAMINE ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA FOR SURGERIES IN CATTLE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-06) VENKATGIRI; D. DILIPKUMAR; V. M. SALUNKE; B. V. SHIVAPRAKSH
    The study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of Romifidine, Dexmedetomidine and Xylazine sedation for Ketamine-Isoflurane general anaesthesia for various surgeries in cattle. The study was carried out in 18 clinical cases of cattle presented for various major surgical procedures randomly divided into three groups consisting of six cattle in each group. The animals of Group I were administered with Romifidine (10 µg/Kg, I/V) followed by Ketamine hydrochloride (3 mg/Kg, I/V) and maintained with Isoflurane (1-2%). The animals of Group II were administered with Xylazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/Kg, I/V) followed by Ketamine hydrochloride (3 mg/Kg, I/V) and maintained with Isoflurane (1-2%). The animals of Group III were administered with Dexmedetomidine (2.5 µg/Kg, I/V) followed by Ketamine hydrochloride (3 mg/Kg, I/V) and maintained with Isoflurane (1-2%). Faster induction time, early onset of sedation, early recovery time to regain sternal position and to assume standing position were noticed in cattle premedicated with romifidine than cattle premedicated with Dexmedetomine and Xylazine for Ketamine-Isoflurane general anaesthesia. Romifidine as a premedicant provided better analgesia, degree of sedation and muscle relaxation compared to dexmedetomidine and Xylazine whereas, after induction of general anaesthesia it was excellent in all the groups. Respiratory depression, bradycardia and decrease in mean arterial pressure were more severe in cattle premedicated with Romifidine and Xylazine when compared to cattle premedicated with Dexmedetomidine for Ketamine-Isoflurane anaesthesia. Heamato-biochemical parameters fluctuated within normal limits. Hence in present study we can conclude that, Romifidine was more powerful sedative than Xylazine and Dexmedetomidine, during Ketamine-Isoflurane induced general anaesthesia in cattle