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Theses (Ph.D.)
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ThesisItem Open Access ANALYSIS OF HORMONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN THE SERUM OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSS BRED COWS WITH LOW SOLIDS-NOT-FAT (SNF) SYNDROME(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) HANAMANTA NYAMAGONDA; M. NARAYANA SWAMY)The present study was undertaken to estimate the levels of certain milk components, serum biochemical, hormonal and minerals profiles in Holstein Friesian crossbred cows with low solids-not-fat (SNF) syndrome compared to normal solids-notfat cows during 4th and 8th weeks of 3rd and 5th lactations. Based on the SNF content and lactation number, 24 animals selected for the study were divided into four groups, viz., Group I (˃ 8.5 % SNF milk in 3rd lactation), Group II (< 8.5 % SNF milk in 3rd lactation), Group III (˃ 8.5 % SNF milk in 5th lactation) and Group IV (< 8.5 % SNF milk in 5th lactation) with six animals in each group. Milk samples collected from each quarters of all the selected animals at 4th and 8th weeks of lactation were immediately analyzed for milk components like milk fat, protein, solids-not-fat and lactose by using the automatic milk tester. The blood samples collected at 4th and 8th weeks of lactation from all the selected animals were processed for serum and obtained serum samples were stored at - 20 ˚C until further processing. A drop of the collected blood was immediately utilized for determination of blood glucose. Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), cortisol and insulin levels were determined from serum samples by ELISA method using standard ELISA Kits. Serum samples were also utilized for determination of serum total protein (TP), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) with the help of autoanalyzer and reagent kits. The milk proteins, blood glucose, serum TP, P, Na, T3 and insulin levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in low SNF syndrome cows compared to normal SNF cows at 4th and 8th weeks of 3rd and 5th lactations. It is concluded that the significant reduction in hormonal, biochemical and mineral components in low SNF syndrome cows at certain stage of early lactation could be the reason for low SNF content in their milk and it is opined that the indiscriminate inbreeding in Holstein Friesian cattle should be reduced to overcome the problem of low SNF syndrome. Key Words: Low SNF syndrome, Holstein Friesian, Milk components, Serum Biochemical components, Insulin, Cortisol, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF NANO SELENIUM AND NANO CURCUMIN ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE, IMMUNE STATUS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILER CHICKENS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-03-01) SHWETHA, H. S.; M. NARAYANA SWAMY)The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of nanoselenium and nanocurcumin on antioxidant enzymes, biochemical profile, immune status and growth performance in broiler chickens. A total of 120, day old commercial broiler chicks were divided randomly into four groups with three replicates in each group. Each group was having 30 birds and divided into 10 chicks per replicate. Group I was fed on basal broiler diet. The study groups such as Group II, III and IV were fed with nanoselenium, nanocurcumin and combination of both along with basal diet, respectively. The body weight was recorded regularly at weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected on 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd day and serum was separated and stored for analysis at -80 °C. The stored serum samples were utilized to determine the activity of SOD, GPx, CAT, AST, ALT, LDH and GGT, biochemical parameters like glucose, total protein, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, immune parameters like ND and IBD antibody titer. Results of the study showed increased activity of SOD, GPx and CAT which was in consistent with decreased MDA levels in supplemented compared to control group. Supplemented groups also showed significantly higher relative weight of spleen and thymus as well as antibody titers against IBD compared to control group. Significantly lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were found in Group III and Group IV when compared to Group I and II. There was significant increase in body weight of group II and IV birds compared to control group. Histopathology revealed that the cellular architecture was not affected in the hepatocytes and renal tubules by the supplementation of nano nutraceuticals. It is concluded that the supplementation of nanoselenium and nanocurcumin improved antioxidant status, overall immunity, growth performance and preserved the architecture of liver and kidney in broiler chickens. Keywords: Nanocurcumin, nanoselenium, body weight, antioxidants and immunityThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON METABOLIC GROWTH INDICATORS DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH IN BANNUR FEMALE SHEEP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2018-09-01) VEENA, M. P.; M. NARAYANA SWAMYThe present study was conducted to ascertain the metabolic growth indicators during different stages of growth in Bannur female sheep maintained at Bandur Breeding Farm, Danagur Village, Malavalli Taluk, Mandya District. Twenty four female sheep divided into four groups with six animals in each group such as Group I (>3 to 5 months), Group II (>5 to 7 months), Group III (>7 to 9 months) and Group IV (>9 to 11 months) were utilized in the present study. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein at fortnightly intervals for two months (15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day). Each time about 5 to 8 ml of blood was collected in clot activated vacutainer. A drop of blood during collection was immediately utilized for estimation of blood glucose and β- hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Serum samples were immediately utilized for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) activity. In the present study it was found that the blood glucose, serum total protein, serum total cholesterol, leptin, insulin, estradiol, T3 and potassium levels were increased significantly in advance stages compared to early stage of growth. However, the BHB levels were constant in different age groups. T4 levels increased in advance growth period, calcium and phosphorus levels did not differ with respect to age. Growth hormone increased in the early stage, but ALP and CK activity reduced as the age advanced. Body weight increased from beginning to the completion of the study. It was concluded that the levels of blood glucose, BHB, leptin, insulin, GH, potassium, ALP, CK and body weight gain could be used as physiological indicators of growth in Bannur female sheep to ascertain growth and the same can be extrapolated to other breeds of sheep. Key words: Metabolic growth indicators, Bannur sheep, Leptin, Insulin, Estradiol, Growth hormoneThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EUTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM IN RELATION TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-12-01) SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR; M. NARAYANA SWAMYThe present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of euthyroidism and hypothyroidism in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. Seventy two clientowned dogs aged between two to ten years, presented to the Veterinary College Hospital, Bangalore were included in this study. Clinically healthy dogs were assigned to control group (Group I). Euthyroid dogs with CKD were in Group II and hypothyroid dogs with CKD were in Group III. The selected dogs were in the age group of 2-4 years, >4-6 years, >6-8 years and >8-10 years that comprised of six dogs in each age range. The dogs of various breeds and of either sex were included. Serum samples obtained were utilised for assay of tT3, tT4, fT4, TSH, TgAA, Cytatin C and SDMA using ELISA kits. Serum creatinine, BUN, electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+ and Pi, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein (TP) and albumin using standard reagent kits. In the present study, Group II had significantly higher TgAA (2-4 years), Cystatin C, SDMA, urea nitrogen, Pi, K+ and significantly lower tT4, Ca2+, TP, albumin, A:G ratio compared to Group I (control). Group III had significantly higher TSH, TgAA (2-4 years), Cystatin C, SDMA, creatinine, urea nitrogen, Pi, K+, ALT, AST, total cholesterol and triglycerides and significantly lower tT3, tT4, fT4, Ca2+, Na+, TP, albumin and A:G ratio compared to Group I. The Group III had significantly lower tT3, tT4, fT4, cystatin C and Ca2+ and significantly higher TSH, creatinine, Pi, ALT, AST, total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to Group II. From the present study, it is concluded that renal dysfunction had some mild effects on thyroid profile, while, hypothyroidism had marked influence on renal functional parameters mainly indicating the exaggeration of renal dysfunction. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, Hypothyroidism, Dogs, Cystatin C, SDMA, TgAA, Electrolytes.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Bioactivities Of Peptide(S)Isolated From Ovarian Follicular Fluid Of Sheep(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2006) Sumanta NandiDomestic Sheep (Ovis Aries) Are Among One Of The First Mammals To Be Domesticated And Valued For Both Wool And Mutton ProductionThesisItem Open Access Effect Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,Lactobacillus Sporogenes, Their Combination And Provilacc On Certain Aspects Of Physiology Of Growth In Broiler Chickens(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2004) M. Narayana SwamyBroiler Chicken Meat Is A Renowned White Meat Preferred For Human ConsumptionThesisItem Open Access Studies On Hemato-Biochemical Profile And Immune Responsiveness To Vaccination Against Foot And Mouth Disease In Malnad Gidda Cattle(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2017) Hemanth Gowda, KThe Indigenous Breeds Of Cattle In India Are Slowly Getting Replaced By Crossbred Animals.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Heat Shock Protein 70, Antioxidant Status, Biochemical And Hormonal Profiles During Summer Stress In Hallikar Cattle(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2015) Gurubasayya P. KalmathThe Livestock Sector Has Contributed To The Gross Domestic Products (Gdp) Of The Country To The Extent Of 4.1 Per Cent During The Year 2012-13ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Bioactivities of Peptide(S) Isolated from Ovarian Follicular Fluid of Sheep(Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2006-05-22) Sumanta Nandi; Girishkumar, V.; Prasad, R.V.; Veena, T; Nagaraja, C.S.; Reddy, G.R.; Murthy, V.C.Regulation of folliculogenesis, oocyte and somatic cell interactions in the ovarian follicles were under the control of gonadotrophins and various local factors. The elucidation of these local factors and their functions in the control of follicle and oocyte development may prove to be important to increase the reproductive efficiency in sheep. The present study was undertaken to examine the peptide bands in ovine ovarian follicular fluid, to isolate of peptide(s) from follicular fluid and to investigate the bioassays in vivo and in vitro. The sheep ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and the follicular fluid was aspirated from small, medium and large ovarian follicles. The biochemical analysis of follicular fluid was conducted. The follicular fluids were made cell free by centrifugation and steroid free by charcoal treatment. The follicular fluid was subjected to SDS-PAGE to examine the peptide bands present in follicular fluid of different size class. The follicular fluid was then subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation and then gel filtration chromatography using G-75 Sephadex. Peptide detection was performed by UV spectrophotometer at 280 nm. The 35-50% fraction yielded a detectable peak. The 35-50% fraction and the isolated peptide were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Bioassays of the isolated peptide were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. The isolated peptide was injected at different doses in female rats s/c and the antral and preantral follicle number were recorded after sacrifice of those rats. The ovarian, uterine, kidney, liver, and pancreas weights and recovery of good oocytes were also recorded. The ovarian functions of superovulated rats injected with different doses of the isolated peptide were examined. The isolated follicular fluid peptide was also tested for effects at different doses on: a) cumulus cell expansion b) in vitro oocyte maturation, b) mural granulosa cells monolayer formation, c) polar granulosa cell (cumulus cell) monolayer formation, d) oviductal epithelial cell monolayer formation, e) in vitro preantral follicle growth in sheep and buffalo, f) in vitro antral follicle growth in sheep g) changes in biochemical contents (protein, calcium and phosphorus levels) of sheep and buffalo oocytes after culture in media containing different levels of isolated peptide.
