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Theses (Ph.D.)

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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy and Histology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LOCALIZATION OF ESTRADIOL 17-β RECEPTORS IN OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF SHEEP (Ovis aries)
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-01-01) SUPRIYA BOTLA GUNTA; K.V. JAMUNA
    The aim of the present study was (i) to describe in detail the histological changes and ultrastructural changes of the sheep oocyte and granulosa from the onset of growth in the preantral to antral follicle, both in in vivo and cultured in vitro in sheep and (ii) to study the protein expression of Estradiol-17 β receptor in cultured ovarian preantral follicles of sheep by immunohistochemistry. The follicles were processed and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The oocyte of preantral follicle unveiled large number of round mitochondria, vacuoles, rough endoplasmic reticulum and cortical granules. In the oocyte of early antral follicle, pleomorphic mitochondria in addition to round mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were observed. Several round mitochondria were associated with the cisterns of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the antral and large antral stages, the number of cortical granules, lipid droplets, and mitochondria increased. Gap junctions, desmosomes and zonula adherence like junctions were observed between the oolemma and granulosa cells and between the adjacent granulosa cell membranes at various stages of follicular development. Most of the follicles cultured in TCM 199B medium either from whole cortical slices or as individual follicles showed certain degenerative changes like separation of primordial follicles from the stroma, degenerating ooplasmic organelle, separation of the granulosa cells from the basement membrane, folding of the zona pellucida and the granulosa cell showing more lipid droplets and the nuclei at various stages of degeneration. Estradiol 17β receptor protein expression was observed in in vivo grown ovarian follicles of sheep at all the follicular stages i.e., preantral, early antral, antral, large antral follicles and also in COCs from large antral follicles subsequently matured in vitro. In the cultured 196 preantral follicles the immunoreactivity of ER β increased as the development progressed from day zero to day six of the culture period. During the initial stages of culture period the ER β expression was limited to oocytes only but as the development progresses ER β reaction was observed in the granulosa cells too. These results suggest the autocrine/ paracrine role of estrogens acting via ERβ in the regulation of the ovarian follicle development in vitro. In conclusion, the growth of the sheep oocyte was associated with the relocation and modulation of a number of cytoplasmic organelles as well as the development of oocyte specific structures such as the zona pellucida and cortical granules. The cultured (TCM 199B) preantral follicles showed remarkable degenerative changes both histologically and ultra-structurally. The protein expression of Estradiol-17 β receptor in in vivo and cultured ovarian preantral follicles of sheep by immunohistochemistry was studied. Key words: Sheep ovary, preantral follicle, ultrastructure, estradiol 17 β, immunohistochemistry.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERISATION OF NASAL ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (NALT) AND FOLLICLE ASSOCIATED EPITHELIA (FAE) IN SHEEP (Ovis aries
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-07-01) GIRISH M. HALEMANI; K.V. JAMUNA
    Gross, light and ultrastructural studies were performed on nasopharyngeal tonsils of 18 adult sheep to study their detail anatomical characteristics. The sheep heads were fixed in 2% acetic acid overnight. The mucosal surface of the nasopharynx exhibited opaque white spots macrosopically. The pharyngeal tonsil was located in the roof of the pharynx. The tubal tonsil appeared as scattered white patches in the lateral pharyngeal wall. The tonsil of the soft palate is located at the dorsal surface of the soft palate showed pin head sized nodules scattered in the mucosa. Apart from tonsils, nasopharynx also showed lymphatic nodules at pharyngeal septum at its apex as white patches. The tonsils of nasopharyngeal region were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium having goblet cells. The epithelium overlying the tonsils in nasopharyngeal region was modified into follicle associated epithelium (FAE) characterized by reduced epithelial height, reduced goblet and ciliated cells and heavy infiltration of lymphoid cells. The continuity of the basement membrane of the overlying epithelium was often interrupted due to infiltration of lymphocytes. Follicles in the tonsils showed the dome area (corona) underlying the mucosal epithelium, the follicular area lying under the dome and the parafollicular area. The diffused lymphatic tissue was universally present in the lamina propria and submucosa throughout the upper respiratory tract. On SEM, the tonsils were covered by a ciliated epithelium which was randomly interrupted by round or oval patches, of FAE consisting of cells with densely packed short microvillus cells. In between the microvillus cells, M cells were also found. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epithelial cells of the tonsils were ultrastructurally heterogeneous and joined to each other with desmosomes or by tight junctions alone. Ciliated cells showed accumulation of mitochondria at apical region and basal bodies of the cilia were also noticed. Between ciliated cells M cells associated with underlying lymphocytes and macrophages were noticed. M cells showed cytoplasm with varied electron density and these cells contained many apical vacuoles. Free surface of M cells had many membranous folding. Lymphocytes showed round nucleus with heterochromatin and cytoplasm was electron lucent with few rough endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages, neutrophils and sometimes plasma cells, were frequently encountered within the FAE although plasma cells were rarely seen in the apical areas. Key words: NALT, FAE, Tonsils, M cells.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERISATION OF NASAL ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (NALT) AND FOLLICLE ASSOCIATED EPITHELIA (FAE) IN SHEEP (Ovis aries)
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-07) GIRISH M. HALEMANI; K.V. JAMUNA
    Gross, light and ultrastructural studies were performed on nasopharyngeal tonsils of 18 adult sheep to study their detail anatomical characteristics. The sheep heads were fixed in 2% acetic acid overnight. The mucosal surface of the nasopharynx exhibited opaque white spots macrosopically. The pharyngeal tonsil was located in the roof of the pharynx. The tubal tonsil appeared as scattered white patches in the lateral pharyngeal wall. The tonsil of the soft palate is located at the dorsal surface of the soft palate showed pin head sized nodules scattered in the mucosa. Apart from tonsils, nasopharynx also showed lymphatic nodules at pharyngeal septum at its apex as white patches. The tonsils of nasopharyngeal region were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium having goblet cells. The epithelium overlying the tonsils in nasopharyngeal region was modified into follicle associated epithelium (FAE) characterized by reduced epithelial height, reduced goblet and ciliated cells and heavy infiltration of lymphoid cells. The continuity of the basement membrane of the overlying epithelium was often interrupted due to infiltration of lymphocytes. Follicles in the tonsils showed the dome area (corona) underlying the mucosal epithelium, the follicular area lying under the dome and the parafollicular area. The diffused lymphatic tissue was universally present in the lamina propria and submucosa throughout the upper respiratory tract. On SEM, the tonsils were covered by a ciliated epithelium which was randomly interrupted by round or oval patches, of FAE consisting of cells with densely packed short microvillus cells. In between the microvillus cells, M cells were also found. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epithelial cells of the tonsils were ultrastructurally heterogeneous and joined to each other with desmosomes or by tight junctions alone. Ciliated cells showed accumulation of mitochondria at apical region and basal bodies of the cilia were also noticed. Between ciliated cells M cells associated with underlying lymphocytes and macrophages were noticed. M cells showed cytoplasm with varied electron density and these cells contained many apical vacuoles. Free surface of M cells had many membranous folding. Lymphocytes showed round nucleus with heterochromatin and cytoplasm was electron lucent with few rough endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages, neutrophils and sometimes plasma cells, were frequently encountered within the FAE although plasma cells were rarely seen in the apical areas. Key words: NALT, FAE, Tonsils, M cells.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERISATION OF NASAL ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (NALT) AND FOLLICLE ASSOCIATED EPITHELIA (FAE) IN SHEEP (Ovis aries)
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-07) GIRISH M. HALEMANI; K.V. JAMUNA
    Gross, light and ultrastructural studies were performed on nasopharyngeal tonsils of 18 adult sheep to study their detail anatomical characteristics. The sheep heads were fixed in 2% acetic acid overnight. The mucosal surface of the nasopharynx exhibited opaque white spots macrosopically. The pharyngeal tonsil was located in the roof of the pharynx. The tubal tonsil appeared as scattered white patches in the lateral pharyngeal wall. The tonsil of the soft palate is located at the dorsal surface of the soft palate showed pin head sized nodules scattered in the mucosa. Apart from tonsils, nasopharynx also showed lymphatic nodules at pharyngeal septum at its apex as white patches. The tonsils of nasopharyngeal region were lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium having goblet cells. The epithelium overlying the tonsils in nasopharyngeal region was modified into follicle associated epithelium (FAE) characterized by reduced epithelial height, reduced goblet and ciliated cells and heavy infiltration of lymphoid cells. The continuity of the basement membrane of the overlying epithelium was often interrupted due to infiltration of lymphocytes. Follicles in the tonsils showed the dome area (corona) underlying the mucosal epithelium, the follicular area lying under the dome and the parafollicular area. The diffused lymphatic tissue was universally present in the lamina propria and submucosa throughout the upper respiratory tract. On SEM, the tonsils were covered by a ciliated epithelium which was randomly interrupted by round or oval patches, of FAE consisting of cells with densely packed short microvillus cells. In between the microvillus cells, M cells were also found. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epithelial cells of the tonsils were ultrastructurally heterogeneous and joined to each other with desmosomes or by tight junctions alone. Ciliated cells showed accumulation of mitochondria at apical region and basal bodies of the cilia were also noticed. Between ciliated cells M cells associated with underlying lymphocytes and macrophages were noticed. M cells showed cytoplasm with varied electron density and these cells contained many apical vacuoles. Free surface of M cells had many membranous folding. Lymphocytes showed round nucleus with heterochromatin and cytoplasm was electron lucent with few rough endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages, neutrophils and sometimes plasma cells, were frequently encountered within the FAE although plasma cells were rarely seen in the apical areas. Key words: NALT, FAE, Tonsils, M cells.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Immunolocalisation Of Certain Fertility Proteins In Testis, Excurrent Duct System And Spermatozoa Of Adult Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)
    (Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2017) Sunilkumar Patil
    Water Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Is An Inhabitant Of The Asian Continent And Is An Economically Important Livestock Species In This Region
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Gross And Histomorphological Studies On Forestomach Of Wild Ruminants In Comparison With Domestic Ruminants
    (Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2014) Lakshmishree, K.T.
    India Is One Of The World S Largest Reservoirs Of Wild Animals. There Are Wide Varieties Of Wild Species In India. The Ruminants Evolved About 50 Million Years Ago And Were Small (<5 Kg) Forest-Dwelling Omnivores. Today There Are Almost 200 Living Ruminan
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological Studies And Ft-Ir Analysis Of Skin And Its Appendages Of Wild Animals
    (Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2012) G. N. Nagaraju
    India Is Endowed With A Tremendous Wealth Of Flora And Fauna Including Wild Animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Gross And Histomorphological Studies On Forestomach Of Wild Ruminants In Comparison With Domestic Ruminants
    (Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2014) Lakshmishree, K.T
    India Is One Of The Worlds Largest Reservoirs Of Wild Animals. There Are Wide Varieties Of Wild Species In India
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies On Placental Factors That Provide Immune-Tolerance In Porcine Gestation
    (Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2015) Rajani, C.V
    Placenta Is Formed By An Intimate Apposition Or Fusion Of Maternal And Embryonic Tissues For Physiological Exchange