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ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF TRAWL BYCATCH UTILIZATION OFF UDUPI COAST(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHRINIVAS H. HULKOTI; S.R.SOMSHEKARBy-catch is recognized as unavoidable in any kind of fishing, but the quantity varies according to the gear operated. The changing perspective of by-catch itself offers the greatest challenge, as yesterday’s by-catch becomes today’s target catch. During the present study the total of 141 species were identified belonging to 54 families and 23 order from the Trawl bycatch off Udupi coast in the year 2019-21. The order Perciformes contributed 31% of total number of species landed and Balistidae Family dominated the landing with 25 % of total catch. The highest bycatch landing was recorded in the month of February 2020 (87.90%) and the lowest was recorded in the month of August 2019 (55.50%). The annual average of bycatch (76.04%) was more in the year 2020-21. This trend showed that significant increase of low value fish species with decrease in commercial fish species in by-catch. The percentage contribution of commercial catch and Low Value bycatch (LVB) landings revealed that as commercial landings decreased, LVB landings grew significantly, and vice versa. Compared to 2019-20 the increase trend in the bycatch can be observed in 2020-21. The major portion of the bycatch is going to fishmeal and oil industry (55.84%) followed by fresh fish Consumption (15.71%), dry fish consumption (8.59%), surmi production (10.16%) and export was around 9.7% of the bycatch. The techno economic feasibility study showed 12300/- net profit per 1000 kg of raw material. The data revealed that by-catch reduction process may have adverse impact on fish meal/oil industry and livelihood of fisherfolk, marketing agents and processing firms. This study is useful in examining the factors influencing the structure of fish communities and fish species that are important indicators of ecological health. Key words: Trawl bycatch utilization, Udupi harbour, low value bycatchThesisItem Open Access AN ASSESSMENT OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY OF CHANDRAGIRI ESTUARY WITH EMPHASIS ON ECONOMIC VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR – 585 401, 2022) KALAVATHI N. R.,; H.N.ANJANAYAPPAEstuarine ecosystems are unique in nature with respect to the biodiversity and their environmental services. Chandragiri estuary of Kasaragodu district, Kerala state was selected for the study. This estuary supports 158 species distributed under 114 genera, 73 families and 32 orders. The order with the largest species diversity was recorded in the order Perciformes in finfish and Decapoda in shellfish. Biodiversity indices such as Shannon- wiener diversity, species richness, evenness, taxonomic diversity, average taxonomic distinctness, variation in taxonomic distinctness and total phylogenetic diversity were in the range of 5.562 to 6.536, 11.95 to 20.59, 0.886 to 0.956, 70.44 to 84.4, 73.48 to 84.37, 195 to 391.8 and 2750 to 5700 respectively. K dominance also showed a higher number of species during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon compared to monsoon season. Seasonal mean fish catch was highest during the post-monsoon (35.60%) and lowest during the monsoon (28.97%). Socio-economic study revealed that majority of the respondents was at the age group 41-45 years. Most of respondents have nuclear families. About 20% of them were illiterate and 82% of the respondents live in their own homes with good electricity facilities. The majority of them had their well water as a drinking source, good sanitation facilities with a septic tank. The majority of the respondents have their own crafts and gears. Depending on the season, an average of 3-10kg of fish is caught per day. The monthly average income of fishermen was around Rs.10,000-25,000. They spent a majority of their money on food. Fishermen preferred to borrow money from Self-Help Groups. The magnitude of direct and indirect benefits was Rs. 0.6884, Rs. 0.0097, Rs. 44.368, Rs. 0,638 and Rs.0.0704 crore per annum from fisheries, wood collection, sand mining, recreation and carbon sequestration respectively. The option value of the estuary was Rs.0.76 crore per annum, reinforces that need for its conservation. The total economic value of the estuary amounted to Rs. 46.53 crore per annum.ThesisItem Open Access DNA BARCODING OF SELECTED CYPRINID FISHES IN AQUARIUM TRADE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INDIGENOUS VARIETIES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) BHAVANJALI M. R.,; H.N.ANJANAYAPPAA total of 60 fish samples belonging to 12 different species having ornamental relevance were collected, and identified. DNA was isolated from muscle tissue of samples, COI barcode region was amplified using universal fish primers, sequenced, and submitted to NCBI. The sample sequences were identified through similarity search in GenBank. The databases revealed definitive identity matches in the range of 98.93% to 100%. All the members of a species clustered cohesively and distinctly from other species originating from a single node. It was evident from the study that many threatened species were traded under common group names and for a few species, the IUCN Red list criteria for the assessment of species status revealed, perhaps, contradictory species status owing to irregular assessment. The 12 species of ornamental fishes examined in this study possess COI sequences that permit their separation from other taxa included in the study. All the conspecific individuals had clustered cohesively under a single node while congeners had clustered distinctly originating from a common ancestral node with a strong bootstrap support in both NJ and ML trees. Morphological measurements were conducted based on the truss network anchored at twelve homologous landmarks resulting in 27 linear measurements. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components with eigen-values >1 explaining 92.503% of the variance. The first principal component accounted for 77.597% of the variation, while the second and third components contributed 8.799% and 6.107% respectively. The factor analysis of the transformed variables explained 90.23% of the total morphometric variation with a contribution of 76.449%, 8.547% and 5.233% on the first, second, and third factors respectively. Most of the variations in body shape are highlighted by factors 1 and 2 related to dorsal, caudal and anal fins; and factor 3 related to anal fin. The current study provides the latest data regarding the taxonomic and conservation status of some of the endemic ornamental cyprinid fishes traded in Karnataka. The knowledge that has been acquired through the current study could be used for improving the production quantity and quality of these ornamental species in the domestic and international markets.ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SCOLIODON LATICAUDUS, MÜLLER AND HENLE, 1838, WITH A NOTE ON SHARK FISHERY OF KARNATAKA COAST(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) NAYANA, P.; H.N.ANJANAYAPPAThe spadenose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus (Family: Carcharhinidae) is a small shark inhabiting the coastal waters of the northern Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. A total of 506 individuals of S. laticaudus comprising 258 males and 248 females were used for the study. Fortnightly samples were collected from the Mangalore and Malpe fish landing centers during the period September 2015 to May 2017. The size of fish ranged from 22.5 cm - 63.5 cm (TL) and the weight varied between 104 g – 998 g. The relationship between body weight (BW) and total length (TL) was estimated as W = 0.01406 L2.7721 for male and W = 0.01562 L2.675for female. The overall sex-ratio was estimated as M: F=1: 0.96 (2015 -16) & 1 : 1.05 (2016-17). The length at 50% maturity was found to be 36 cm (TL) and 35 cm (TL), for male and female respectively. S. laticaudus spawns throughout the year along Karnataka coast. von-Bertalanffy growth equation for this fish was worked out as Lt =65.10 1-e –0.46(t+0.7038)The total, natural and fishing mortality rates of S. laticaudus were 1.48, 0.85 and 0.63 respectively. The estimated exploitation ratio (E) and exploitation rate (U) were 0.43 and 0.33 respectively. The estimated probability of Length at capture (Lc) of fish the length at which 25 percent of fish (L25) vulnerable for capture by the gear was 41.53 cm, length at which 50 percent of fish (L50) vulnerable to the gear was 46.29 cm. Similarly for L 75the value was at 51.77 cm TL. 96ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL BIODIVERSITY LOSS DUE TO TRAWLING OFF MANGALORE COAST(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018) KAMALESH PANDA; S. BENAKAPPA)“Assessment of ichthyofaunal biodiversity loss due to trawling off Mangalore coast” Bycatch is recognized as unavoidable in any kind of fishing but the quantity varies according to the gear operated. The changing perspective of bycatch itself offers the greatest challenge, as yesterday‟s by-catch becomes today‟s target catch. The present study conducted between August, 2010 to May, 2012 recorded a total 131 species of finfish and shellfish belonging to 62 families and 18 orders. Family Carangidae contributed 10.69 per cent of total number of species followed by Engraulidae (6.11%), Leiognathidae (6.11%), Synodontidae (3.82%), Tetraodontidae (3.82%), Nemipteridae (3.05%), Sciaenidae (3.05%) and Scombridae (3.05%) to the total number of fish species whereas, other families contributed less than 3 percent, and a total of 52 commercial species were reported in by-catch whereas, it is reduced to 41 species during the year 2011-12 with increased species number of low value fishes. This trend showed that significant increased of low value fish species with decrease in commercial fish species in by-catch. The average bycatch contribution was 33.54% (2010-11) and 45.68% (2011-12) during the study period. The results of Shannon-Weiner index (H') showed variability in different capacity engines. This study also indicated that the Mangalore coast is one of the major fishing harbours having rich biodiversity. Hence, it is recommended to reduce the fishing pressure especially by trawling to conserve the resources and biodiversity of the marine fauna. Key words: Trawling, bycatch, Biodiversity, MangaloreThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE FISHERY, BIOLOGY AND BIOMETRICS OF SPECKLED SHRIMP, METAPENAEUS MONOCEROS (FABRICIUS, 1798) ALONG MANGALURU COAST, KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2018) DEVANAND, T. N.,; H. N. ANJANAYAPPAThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATION ON ICHTHYOFAUNAL BIODIVERSITY AND HYDRO - BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TUNGA RESERVOIR, KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) VIJAYKUMAR M. E.,; S.BENAKAPPAIchthyofaunal diversity has widely been used as ecological indicators to assess and evaluate the level of degradation and health of water bodies at various spatial scales. The reservoir plays an important role in the developmental process of a nation, integral role in fisheries and livelihood security of the local community. Present study was carried out in 3 sites viz., Dam site, Sakrebylu and Pakshidhama at Tunga reservoir, Karnataka from July, 2014 to February, 2016. A total of 48 fish species belonging to 33 genera, 11 families and 6 orders were recorded. Order Cypriniformes (53.19 %) was the most dominant group followed by Siluriformes, Perciforme), Synbranchiformes, Beloniformes and Osteoglossiformes. Diversity indices Margalef’s richness index ranged between 5.00 and 8.12. The Pielou's evenness (J’) ranged from 0.86 to 0.99 and Shannon H'(loge) ranged between 2.55- 3.43 during the study. Monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters of water were recorded. Phytoplankton diversity showed Margalef’s Richness index ranged from 0.71 to 3.28, Evenness (Pielou’s) index varied from 0.49 to 0.96 and (Shannon’s) index varied from 0.56 to 3.10 during the study period. Zooplankton diversity showed Margalef’s Richness index ranged from 1.11 to 2.61, Evenness (Pielou’s) index varied from 0.76 to 0.96 and (Shannon’s) index varied from 1.52 to 2.45 during the study period. The study clearly indicates that the ichthyofaunal biodiversity was more during the monsoon and post-monsoon period when compared to premonsoon. This study would provide the base line data based on which the policy makers can formulate suitable strategies for sustaining reservoir fish biodiversity. Key words: Ichthyofauna, hydrobiology, diversity, Tunga reservoir, KarnatakaThesisItem Open Access Studies On Fishery And Population Biology Of Fringe Lipped Carp Labeo Fimbriatus (Bloch) From Vanivilas Sagar Reservoir Of Karnataka(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2015) Rajanna K. BIncreased Pressure On Land For Various Human Needs Has Necessitated Looking For Alternative Avenues To Provide Food And Employment Opportunities For The Growing Population.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization Of Trawl Bycatch Off Mangalore Coast(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2016) Pradeep L.DoddamaniIn India, Trawl Fishing Began In 1956 Through Funding Provided By Foreign Aid Organizations (Devaraj And Vivekanandan, 1999).
