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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF LEUCINE, VITAMIN C AND COMBINATION OF BOTH ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL, IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP, LABEO ROHITA
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) RAKESH. K.,; SHIVANAND MURTHY
    Effect of dietary Leucine, vitamin C and their combination on growth performance, survival, immune response and disease resistance was evaluated in L. rohita. Experimental fishes in treatment groups were fed with T1 (1% Leucine/ kg feed), T2 (1.5% Leucine/ kg feed), T3 (300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T4 (400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T5 (1% Leucine and 300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T6 (1% Leucine and 400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T7 (1.5% Leucine and 300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed) and T8 (1.5% Leucine and 400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed) respectively. Fishes in control groop was fed with control feed (without L- Leucine and vitamin C incorporation). Better FCR, SGR, PER and higher weight gain percentage was observed in experimental fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin C. After 90 days of feeding trial, experimental fishes in the control group and treatment groups were challenged with A. hydrophila. Higher RPS (100%) was observed in fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin C. Blood and serum samples were collected from experimental fishes during pre-challenge and post-challenge for evaluating immune response. Significantly higher lysozyme activity, antibody production, super oxide anion production, better hematological parameters and serum biochemical indices were observed in fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY BAY LAUREL (LAURUS NOBILIS) AND AJWAIN (TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI) ON GROWTH, IMMUNE RESPONSE, HAEMATOLOGY AND GUT HISTOLOGY OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) JAYASHRI MAHADEV SWAMY; GANAPATHI NAIK
    The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were stocked in experimental FRP tanks under indoor system for 90 days. Feeding bay laurel, ajwain and combination of bay laurel and ajwain in (1:1 ratio) supplemented diets to study their effects on growth, immune response, hematology, disease resistance and gut histology. The basal diets (32% crude protein) were prepared and used in all the experiments, which were conducted in triplicates. In bay laurel experiment, tilapia fingerlings (15.36±0.09) were fed with dietary bay laurel supplemented diets at level 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25g/kg diet. Significantly (p<0.05) higher growth, improved immunology, hematology and serum biochemical analysis were observed in the fish diet supplemented with 15g/kg of bay laurel. Significantly (p<0.05) increased antioxidant enzyme activities, better histological architectures and higher resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were observed in the fish fed 15g/kg bay laurel. In ajwain experiment, tilapia fingerlings (15.75±0.05) were fed with dietary ajwain supplemented diets at level 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25g/kg diet. Significantly (P<0.05) higher growth, improved immunology, hematology and serum biochemical analysis were observed in the fish diet supplemented with 10g/kg of ajwain. Significantly (P<0.05) increased antioxidant enzyme activities, better histological architectures and higher resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were observed in the fish fed 10g/kg ajwain. In combination experiment, tilapia fingerlings (15.86±0.07) were fed with dietary combination supplemented diets at level 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25g/kg diet. Significantly (P<0.05) higher growth, improved immunology, hematology and serum biochemical analysis were observed in the fish diet supplemented with 20g/kg of combination diet. 211
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC, YEAST AND PREBIOTIC ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL, IMMUNE RESPONSE, HAEMATOLOGY AND GUT HISTOLOGY OF AMUR CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO HAEMATOPTERUS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) AMOGHA, K.R; GANAPATHI M
    In the recent years the wide use of chemotherapeutic agents has led to the occurrence of resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. Hence, the use of probiotic and prebiotic incombination i.e., live microbial feed supplement which benefit the host by modifying the host-associated or ambient microbial community by enhancing the host response towards disease, ensuring improved use of feed or enhancing its nutritional value by improving the quality of its ambient environment. Amur carp of ideal size 7.5gm were chosen for the study and fed with diets of four different group T1 (0.5% of Lactobacillus plantarum + 0.5% of Saccharomycyces cerevisiae), T2 (0.5% of Lactobacillus plantarum + 0.5% of Xylooligosaccharide), T3 (0.33% of Lactobacillus plantarum + 0.33% of Saccharomycyces cerevisiae + 0.33% of Xylooligosaccharide) and T0 without any synbiotics. Trail period was for 90 days fed with 5% body weight. The growth parameters such as weight gain, SGR, FCR, PER and survival was found higher in synbiotic fed fish (T2). The treatment T1 fed fish showed higher immune parameters such as NBT assay, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity and myeloperoxidase assay without any significance. Fishes challenged against A. hydrophila after 90 days of feeding, where, T1 fed fish showed significantly higher resistance than other treatment and control group. The hematological paramters such as RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC showed no significance but higher in treatment T1. The fishes subjected to histological examination delineated the influence of synbiotic combination on gut host, where the formation of higher number of villi, increase in the length of villi, reduction in the lumen area and also formation of goblet cells on the villi and macrophage formation with aggregate was evident and hepatocytes, sinusoids cells, normal central veins, lesser kupffer cells in liver clearly illustrate the impact of synbiotic on the induction of immunity in Amur carp. All these above results clearly demonstrates the positive impact of synergistic effect of probiotic, yeast and prebiotic on the growth, immune, hematological, disease resistance and histological parameters of Amur carp.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF LEUCINE, VITAMIN C AND COMBINATION OF BOTH ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL, IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP, LABEO ROHITA
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) RAKESH. K.,; H. SHIVAND MURTHY
    Effect of dietary Leucine, vitamin C and their combination on growth performance, survival, immune response and disease resistance was evaluated in L. rohita. Experimental fishes in treatment groups were fed with T1 (1% Leucine/ kg feed), T2 (1.5% Leucine/ kg feed), T3 (300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T4 (400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T5 (1% Leucine and 300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T6 (1% Leucine and 400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed), T7 (1.5% Leucine and 300 mg Vitamin C/kg feed) and T8 (1.5% Leucine and 400 mg Vitamin C/kg feed) respectively. Fishes in control groop was fed with control feed (without L- Leucine and vitamin C incorporation). Better FCR, SGR, PER and higher weight gain percentage was observed in experimental fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin C. After 90 days of feeding trial, experimental fishes in the control group and treatment groups were challenged with A. hydrophila. Higher RPS (100%) was observed in fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin C. Blood and serum samples were collected from experimental fishes during pre-challenge and post-challenge for evaluating immune response. Significantly higher lysozyme activity, antibody production, super oxide anion production, better hematological parameters and serum biochemical indices were observed in fishes fed with 1% L-Leucine and 400 mg of vitamin
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOMETRIC AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MEDIUMSIZED BARBS OF WESTERN GHATS, KARNATAKA, INDIA
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SHAMIMA NASREN; N. BASAVARAJ
    The Western Ghats region of India is home to highly diverse fish fauna, about 298 species are found in the Western Ghats; 52% of them are endemic to the Western Ghats and many species complexes are present there. The medium-sized barbs of the genus Hypselobarbus (Bleeker) having most debated species complex, are found exclusively in Western Ghats region. In this study, the complexity of a) H. jerdoni, H. dobsoni and H. pulchellus; b) H. thomassi, H. lithopidos and H. jerdoni and c) H. kolus, H. curmuca and H. kurali –was evaluated through morphometric and phylogenetic analysis. The meristic counts (lateral line scale count) were overlapping, with H. jerdoni, H. dobsoni and H. pulchellus showing 27-30, 30-32 and >30, respectively. This study reveals that H. jerdoni, H. dobsoni and H. pulchellus are distinct species. The truss network analysis found that the measurements associated with the region along the head and middle region of the body were responsible for morphological variation. The partial sequences of 16SrRNA genes of 621 bp and COI genes of 707 bp length were sequenced. Overall pairwise average distance was 0.06 and 0.07 for 16SrRNA and COI sequences respectively. The 16SrRNA gene and COI gene tree were prepared for phylogenetic signals and formed distinct clades. In both 16SrRNA and COI genes, three different phylogenetic clades were found for seven Hypselobarbus spp. The 10-mer oligonucleotide primer OPA-04 also provided consistent phylogenetic tree with RAPD.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECTS OF DIETRY NANO SELENIUM AND VITAMIN OF GROWTH FEED UTILIZATION HAEMATOLOGICAL .....
    (KVAFSU, BIDAR, 2019) SANJAY SINGH RATHORE; SIVANDMURTHY
    Monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings were reared in experimental FRP tanks under indoor aquaculture system for 90 days feeding nano selenium and vitamin C supplemented diets to study their effects on growth, feed utilization, hematological and immunological parameters, selenoproteome expression and disease resistance. The basal diet (32% crude protein) was prepared and used in both the experiments, which were conducted in triplicate groups. In the first experiment, tilapia fingerlings (15.73 ± 0.05 g) were fed with dietary nano-selenium supplemented diets at levels 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg-1 diet. Significantly (p<0.05) higher growth and better feed utilization, improved hematology, serology and immunology were observed in the fish diet supplemented with 1 mg kg-1 of nano-Se. Better selenium assimilation was observed in liver tissue among all the treatment groups. Relatively, up-regulation of most of the target genes was revealed in fish fed 1 mg kg-1 nano- Se supplemented diet for the second month in different examined tissues. Significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant enzyme activity, better histological architectures and higher resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were observed in the fish fed 1 mg kg-1 nano-Se. In the second experiment, tilapia fingerlings (15.65 ± 0.07 g) were fed with dietary vitamin C supplemented diets at levels 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1 diet. Significantly (p<0.05) higher growth and better feed utilization, improved hematology, serology, immunology, enhanced antioxidant status, better histological structures and higher disease resistance were observed in the fish diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 of vitamin C. The present findings indicate the positive impact on dietary supplementation of nano- Se (1.0 mg kg-1) and vitamin C (300 mg kg-1) in the culture of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMBINED EFFECTS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND ORGANIC ACID ON GROWTH AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN LABEO ROHITA
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2018) NESARA, K. M.,; E.G. JAYARAJ
    The role of dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus plantarum and citric acid individually and in combination on the growth, survival, immune response and gut histological changes in Labeo rohita were carried out in outdoor cement cisterns for a period of 120 days. The basal diet in all the trials contained around 30% protein. Three test diets F1 containing a probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum at 108 cfu/g, F2 is containing an organic acid the citric acid at 3% and F3 diet containing a combination of 108 cfu/g Lactobacillus plantarum and 3% citric acid. The test diets were compared with a control diet F0 containing no Lactobacillus plantarum orcitric acid. Uniform sized fingerlings with an average length and weight of 8.86 cm and 5.92 g respectively were stocked in all the test and control group cement cisterns in triplicate. The analysis of mean length (cm) revealed highest mean length in the F3 group (15.70 cm) fed with combination of L.plantarum (LP) and citric acid (CA) followed by F2 (13.75 cm), F1 (14.06 cm) and F0 (13.77cm) with no significant difference between the groups compare to control (P>0.05). The mean body weight was higher in the group F3 (25.95 cm) and F0 (21.38 cm) with significant difference (P>0.05) between the groups. Higher increase in the % body weight was recorded in F3 (565.4 %) followed by F1 (473.84 %), F2 (448.00 %) and F0 (327.34 %) with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the groups. However, the results indicate highest overall growth performance in F3 diet incorporated with combination of L.plantarum(108 cfu/g) and citric acid (3%). The lowest and best FCR was evident in F3 with a combination of LP+CA with no significant difference (P<0.05). With regard to Specific Growth Rate (SGR), significant difference was evident, however highest SGR was seen in F3 group. The survival rate was >80% in all the treatments than in control group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF BIOFILM OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA FOR ORAL VACCINATION OF STRIPED CATFISH (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS)
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2019) MD. ABDULLAH-AL-MAMUN; K.S.RAMESH
    In the present experiment, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was immunized with Biofilm and Free cell of Aeromonas hydrophila at 1010 CFU g-1 fish day-1 for 20 days and monitored for growth parameters, disease resistance, hematological and immunological parameters up to 60 day post vaccination. The growth and feed utilization of P. hypophthalmus was significantly higher (P<0.05) in BF vaccinated group than that of FC vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated fishes were challenged with A. hydrophila at 107 CFU/ml. A very high relative percentage survival was recorded with BF (84.21%) group compared to that with FC (33.33%) group. Specific immune response in terms of antibody titre was measured by polyclonal antibody based ELISA. BF vaccinated group showed significantly higher antibody titer compared to other treatments. Moreover, haematological parameters of pangasius, measured in this study, were differentially stimulated by the oral administration of A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine. Furthermore, biochemical stress parameters showed oral immunization with A. hydrophila vaccines were high due to stress in the early stages. However, biofilm group fishes recovered on 20 dpv and thereafter remained at lower level indicating better health condition. The histopathological findings in BF fed P. hypophthalmus included normal architecture of the gills, liver and kidney. Moreover, significant positive effect of all histological measurements of posterior gut samples were registered in response to biofilm vaccination. Vaccinated BF fishes expressed gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) within the laminar propria of mid gut. But FC group fishes showed significantly less aggregation of lymphoid cells. There was no lymphoid cell aggregation detected in the gut of the unvaccinated control fish. The non-specific immune parameters like lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity and super oxide anion production were significantly higher in biofilm vaccinated group compared to free cell and control group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF BIOFLOC ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONCE OF ROHU, LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON)
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2019) ANAND PRASAD PATURI; H. SHIVANANDAMUTHY
    The experiment was conducted at Instructional Freshwater Fish Farm, Eguvamitta, College of Fishery Science, Muthukur, Nellore District.18 tanks with 100 L capacity made up of reinforced polyvinyl chloride were selected and filled with water. The rohu fish which were around 3.2 ±0.4g weight and 4.2 ±0.2 cm length were stocked after acclimatization with 24 hours aeration including control. Rice bran and ground nut oil cake and natural plankton collected from culture pond were used as feed for both control and treatment tanks. For the development of biofloc sugar was added in each tank 5 grams continuously and in the beginning 5 grams of ammonium chloride was also added in each tank along with probiotic bacteria. After 120 days, controls as well as experimental animals were treated with Dactylogyrus infection where no change was observed in both of them. After infecting with Aeromonas hydrophila 70 % of mortality in control fishes and 33.33% were observed in biofloc fishes. The average growth rate was 120.31 ±3.38 g in the experimental animals and 61.86±5.73 g and was statistically significant at 1 and 5 % of level. RBC count was decreased and WBC count increased according to the dosage (0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and 1.5 ml with 1.5X105 bacteria per ml of medium) of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Significant difference was found at 1 % level. Serum and plasma protein and lysozyme activities were increased with dose of bacteria. This experiment has proved that the growth performance and immune level of the biofloc treated fishes was better than the control fishes and the technique also proved good results in the growth and immunity of fishes. With the above observation, it can be concluded that biofloc technology of rohu, developed in the present research, can be utilized for commercial applications in the field level.