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ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR GENETIC STUDIES ON GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS AND COLORED BROILER CHICKEN(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) CHANDRASHEKAR, M.; YATHISH, H. M.Present study was carried out to characterize growth and carcass traits, and to ascertain their association with polymorphism of IGF-1, PNPLA3, MC4R and GHRL genes in Indigenous and PB2 birds. Body weight (BW, g), Average Daily Gain (ADG, g) and carcass traits were high in PB2 birds. IGF-I/HinfI analysis revealed AA, AB and BB genotypes in both Indigenous and PB2 birds. Similarly, PNPLA3/MspI analysis revealed TT and TC genotypes in Indigenous, and TT, TC and CC genotypes in PB2 birds. Likewise, MC4R/TaqI and GHRL/HinfI analyses respectively revealed AA and LL genotype in both Indigenous and PB2 birds. Analysis of IGF-I gene sequences of Indigenous and PB2 birds revealed T244G SNP and insertion of three ‘T’ nucleotide at 521st, 522nd, and 636th positions. Sequence analysis of PNPLA3 gene of Indigenous and PB2 birds revealed A44G, G47A, C128G, G148A, G152A, C197T, A244T, A257T, G387C and A436G. Similarly, sequence analysis revealed G187C, G448T and C469T SNPs in MC4R gene; and C139T, A157G, C296T, C573T and T819A SNPs in GHRL gene of Indigenous and PB2 birds. Least squares analysis of variance revealed nonsignificant effect of IGF-1 genotypes on all the growth and carcass traits in Indigenous birds. Similar effect was observed in PB2 birds except for dressing percentage (p=0.053), wing (p=0.034), liver (p=0.007) and gizzard (p=0.002) weights. Also, significant difference was observed between IGF-1 genotypes for 3rd fortnight ADG and ADG for entire period. Likewise, PNPLA3 genotypes had non-significant effect on all growth and carcass traits in Indigenous birds except breast (p=0.036) and gizzard (p=0.019) weights. Similar effect was observed in PB2 birds except for ADG in 2nd fortnight (p=0.027). Genetic variabilities associated significantly with growth and carcass traits in chicken populations of present investigation must be validated in larger population prior to their use in marker assisted selection.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF LEPTIN, BRCA1, C4A AND CXCR1 GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MASTITIS IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSSBRED AND DEONI CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-07-01) SHANKARAPPA BHAJANTRI; M. R. JAYASHANKARA study was conducted to investigate genetic polymorphism of Leptin, BRCA1, C4A and CXCR1 genes and their association with mastitis in HF crossbred and Deoni cows. Milk and blood samples were collected from 152 HF crossbred and 92 Deoni cows. The animals were grouped as mastitis affected and mastitis free mainly based on SCC due to its specificity. Genomic DNA was isolated by high salt method from venous blood samples. Specific regions of Leptin (intron 2), BRCA1 (intron 6), C4A (exon 12) and CXCR1 (exon 8) genes were amplified by PCR employing published primers. The amplified products were resolved on 1.5 per cent agarose gel electrophoresis which yielded 1840, 321, 275 and 469 bp amplicons, respectively. Leptin/ Sau3AI analysis identified three genotypes, AA, AB and AC in HF crossbred and two genotypes, AA and AB in Deoni cows. Polymorphism of BRCA1/ Hha1 analysis showed three genotypes viz., AA, BB and AB in HF crossbred and one genotype, AA in Deoni cows. The PCR-RFLP analysis of the targeted region of 275 bp of bovine C4A gene using Rsa1 detected CC and GC genotypes in both HF crossbred and Deoni cows. A significant association was observed between the C4A genotypes and mastitis in HF crossbred cows, where in majority of animals with CC genotype were mastitis free. CXCR1/ Bsa1 analysis identified two genotypes, AA and AG in both HF crossbred and Deoni cows. A significant association was observed between the CXCR1 genotypes and mastitis in Deoni cows, where in majority of animals with AG genotype were mastitis free.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TOLL LIKE RECEPTORS IN MALNAD GIDDA CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-02-01) SATHEESHA, G. M.; R. NAGARAJAA study was carried out with the aim of exploring polymorphic patterns, genetic structure and diversity analysis of TLR2 and TLR4 genes in Malnad Gidda cattle. One hundred ten unrelated gDNA samples from Malnad Gidda cattle were utilized. The DNA sequences of exon-2 of TLR2 (three fragments: TLR2-E2F1, TLR2-E2F2 and TLR2-E2F3) and exon-1(TLR4-E1), exon-2(TLR4-E2) and exon-3 of TLR4 (three fragments: TLR4-E3F1, TLR4-E3F2 and TLR4-E3F3) were subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis. TLR2-E2F1/BsaAI analysis revealed monomorphic AB genotype and three SNPs: T250C, G266A and G695A with two nonsynonymous, at position 266 bp and 695 bp. TLR2-E2F2/ApoI analysis yielded monomorphic AB genotype and five SNPs among which three were nonsynonymous (at 120 bp, 152 bp and 392 bp position). TLR2-E2F3/BsaAI analysis revealed polymorphic BB and AB genotypes with ten SNPs, with three nonsynonymous (at 41, 83 and 143 amino acid position). TLR4E1/AvaII analysis revealed monomorphic AB genotypes. TLR4-E2/BsrI analysis revealed polymorphic AA, AB and BB genotypes. TLR4-E3F1/BsrI analysis revealed monomorphic AA genotypes with a synonymous SNP. TLR4-E3F2 showed polymorphic AA, AB and BB genotypes. TLR4E3F3/ApoI analysis revealed polymorphic AA, AB and BB genotypes and a synonymous SNP. TLR2E2F1/BsaAI, TLR2-E2F2/ApoI, TLR4-E1/AvaII, TLR4-E2/BsrI, TLR4-E3F1/BsrI and TLR4-E3F2/AvaII markers were significantly departed from HWE except TLR2-E2F3/BsaAI and TLR4-E3F3/ApoI. In summary, TLR2 gene in Malnad Gidda cattle showed high polymorphism compared to TLR4 gene. The comparative bioinformatic analysis of TLR2 and TLR4 gene and amino acid patterns revealed no major deviation from the Bos taurus and other Bos indicus cattle breeds.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR AND ER1 GENES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE IN HF CROSSBRED CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-11-01) HARINI, H.; R. NAGARAJA)The study was conducted to ascertain the polymorphism of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes and to study their association with COD in HF crossbred cows. Incidence of COD in HF crossbred cows of Southern Karnataka was also investigated. Blood samples were collected from 105 COD affected and 50 unaffected HF crossbred cows. Genomic DNA was isolated by high salt method from venous blood. Fragment sizes of 249, 303, 405, 306 and 248 bp of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes, respectively were amplified by PCR using published primers. The RFLP analysis of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes showed three (AA, GG and AG), two (CC and CT), three (AA, AB and AB), three (CC, GG and CG) and two (GG and AG) genotypes, respectively. Among all, majority of animals with AA genotype/ A allele of INHA and AG genotype of ER1 gene were affected with COD. The incidence of COD was recorded using questionnaires from 15 districts of Southern Karnataka. Data on the number of cows affected by cystic ovarian disease in each month for a period of two years between January, 2016 to December, 2017 was collected. Overall incidence in Southern Karnataka was 4.5 per cent, with higher (13.39 %) and lower (1.19 %) incidences in Bangalore rural and Davanagere districts, respectively. Highest incidence of COD was recorded in summer season and in the age group of 5-7 years, also in 2nd lactation. Season, age, parity and BCS were the possible risk factors for COD.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR AND ER1 GENES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE IN HF CROSSBRED CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-11-01) HARINI, H.; R. NAGARAJAThe study was conducted to ascertain the polymorphism of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes and to study their association with COD in HF crossbred cows. Incidence of COD in HF crossbred cows of Southern Karnataka was also investigated. Blood samples were collected from 105 COD affected and 50 unaffected HF crossbred cows. Genomic DNA was isolated by high salt method from venous blood. Fragment sizes of 249, 303, 405, 306 and 248 bp of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes, respectively were amplified by PCR using published primers. The RFLP analysis of INHA, LHR, CYP19, FSHR and ER1 genes showed three (AA, GG and AG), two (CC and CT), three (AA, AB and AB), three (CC, GG and CG) and two (GG and AG) genotypes, respectively. Among all, majority of animals with AA genotype/ A allele of INHA and AG genotype of ER1 gene were affected with COD. The incidence of COD was recorded using questionnaires from 15 districts of Southern Karnataka. Data on the number of cows affected by cystic ovarian disease in each month for a period of two years between January, 2016 to December, 2017 was collected. Overall incidence in Southern Karnataka was 4.5 per cent, with higher (13.39 %) and lower (1.19 %) incidences in Bangalore rural and Davanagere districts, respectively. Highest incidence of COD was recorded in summer season and in the age group of 5-7 years, also in 2nd lactation. Season, age, parity and BCS were the possible risk factors for COD.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF BLTF, TLR4 AND CD14 GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MASTITIS IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSSBRED AND DEONI CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-09) SHIVASHANKER; M. R. JAYASHANKARA study was conducted to ascertain the polymorphism of BLTF, TLR4, CD14 and PGLYRP-1 genes and to study their association with mastitis in HF crossbred and Deoni cattle. Milk and blood samples were collected from 152 HF crossbred and 92 Deoni cattle. The animals were classified as mastitis affected or healthy after subjecting the milk samples to three indirect tests viz., CMT, EC and SCC. Genomic DNA was isolated by high salt method from blood samples, and the quantity and quality of DNA was ascertained by UV spectrophotometer and 0.8 per cent agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragment sizes of 301, 546, 695, 832 and 796 bp of BLTF (intron 6), and TLR4 (promoter), TLR4 (exon 3), CD 14 (part of promoter, 5’UTR, exon 1, intron 1and part of exon 2) and PGLYRP-1 (exon 1) genes were amplified respectively, by PCR by using published oligonucleotide primers. The BLTF/EcoR I gene in HF crossbred and Deoni cattle had only AA and AB genotypes. Genotype AA and Allele A were associated to mastitis resistance in Deoni cattle. Genotype AA can be considered as a desired genotype for the selection of mastitis resistance animals in Deoni cattle. There was no significant association between mastitis and TLR4 (promoter and exon 3) gene in both HF crossbred and Deoni cattle. The PCR-RFLP analysis of the targeted region of 832 bp (part of the promoter, 5’UTR, exon 1, intron 1 and part of exon 2) of bovine CD14/ HinfI, showed three patterns exhibiting significant association with incidence of mastitis in Deoni cattle. Lesser incidence of mastitis was observed in animals possessing genotype CD. Polymorphism in PGLYRP-1/ApaI gene revealed GG genotypeas desirable genotype with respect to lesser incidence of mastitis in HF crossbred populations.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN FRIESWAL CROSSBRED DAIRY CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY BIDAR, 2017-06) S. N. HARISH; M. R. JAYASHANKAR)A study was carried out on the productive and reproductive performance of Frieswal (HF x Sahiwal) cattle maintained at Military Dairy Farms, Belgaum and Secunderabad, The overall least squares means of first lactation Peak Yield, 305-days or less milk yield, total lactation yield, lactation length, dry period, AFC, service period and intercalving period were 13.13±0.21kg, 2709.45±48.87 kg, 2790.49±50.47 kg, 294.81±2.67 days, 142.73±6.04 days, 915.41±8.24 days, 167.95±7.86 days and 435.38±6.91 days, respectively. Genetic groups had significantly affected AFC. Pooled lactation means of PY, 305 DMY. TLY, LL, DP, SP and ICP were 15.83±0.26 kg, 3172.62±51.26 kg, 3312.02±41.31 kg, 306.04±2.02 days, 116.23±3.61 days, 130.00±22.72 days and 419.10±4.33 days, respectively. Genetic groups had significant influence on TLY. The heritability estimates for first PY, 305 days’ yield, TLY, LL, DP, AFC, SP and ICP were 0.55±0.11, 0.50±0.10, 0.47±0.10, 0.08±0.05, 0.10±0.00, 0.37±0.08, 0.11±0.06 and 0.10±0.06, respectively. 305 DMY-1 yield exhibited a positive significant and a very high genetic correlation with TLY-1 (1.00±0.00), and positive, significant genetic correlation with ICP-1 (0.32±0.26). LL-1 had positive, significant genetic correlation with SP-1 and ICP-1. Very high significant genetic correlation was observed between DP-1 and ICP-1. Lowest error variance observed in BLUP method of sire evaluation and highest R2 value obtained for REML method of sire evaluation based on first lactation 305-days or less yield as well as highest Spearman’s rank correlation estimates between BLUP and REML method indicated that either of the methods can be employed for evaluation of Frieswal sires in these herds for further improvement in 305- days yield.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular Characterization Of Casein Genes And The Effects Of Their Polymorphism On Selected Production Traits In Buffaloes(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2006) Darshan Raj, GDramatic Rise Of The World Human Population Combined With The Severe Nutritional Deficiencies In Many Parts Of The World Has Given Impetus To Improve Efficiency Of Animal Production. Improvements In Efficiency Arise From The Development, Spread And AdoptiThesisItem Open Access Genetic Variability In Calpain And Calpastatin Loci And Association Of Calpastatin Polymorphism With Carcass And Meat Quality Traits In Bandur Sheep(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2015) Naveen Kumar, S.Karnataka State Is Well Known For Its Diversity In Livestock Resources Including Sheep, Whose Population Was 9.5 Million In 2012 (Anon., 2012).
