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M. Sc. Dissertations

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2005 - 2009112010 - 201628
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Subject: Human Development and Family Studies ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 39
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Promoting environmental education among rural children
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Kavita Devi; C.K. Singh
    The study was conducted in Haryana State, in rural area of Hisar District, list of blocks was prepared and from this list one block was taken randomly. from the selected block two villages i.e. Bhojraj and Dahima were taken purposely. One school from each village was taken randomly. A sample of 60 children of primary and middle grade from each school was taken. Thus a total sample of 120 children was the final sample for the present study. To find out the existing level of awareness of the respondents regarding environmental pollution questionnaire-cum-interview schedule was prepared which was duly pretested on 20 respondents. On the basis of responses obtained, the interview schedule was finalized. Data were collected on the structured interview schedule personally by investigator, thus collected data tabulated and suitably analyzed. It was found that most of the respondent were female and youngest in their families and belonging to the lower caste with five to six members in their families and their parents had labour as their main occupation and low socio-economic status. Most of the families were having inadequate house and public facilities. The knowledge of the parents of the respondents regarding environment at pollution was less and they had low mass media exposure. Most of the respondents had low level of knowledge about environmental pollution. They were less aware about air, soil, flora and fauna and noise pollution but their awareness was better in case of water pollution. It was found that scholastic achievements, family type, family size, parental education, parental occupation, parental religious belief and parental knowledge associated significantly with the environmental awareness of the respondents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stimulating programme for delayed motor skills of 3-4 years old rural children
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Chaudhary, Neha; Balda, Shanti
    The present study was conducted in Hisar-1 block of district Hisar. From Hisar-1 block, two villages i.e., Kaimri and Mangali were selected at random. One hundred children in the age range of 3-4 years were selected randomly through aganwadies from each village. Selected children were assessed for their motor motor skills development with the help of observation checklist and Berry’s Development Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) (1989). Maternal involvement in stimulation of motor skills of the children were assessed though a self prepared questionnaire-cum-interview schedule. On the basis of assessment at pre-testing stage, fifty children each from the two villages with lowest scores were identified as below average children. These children were operationally defined as children with delayed motor skills. Children from Kaimri village acted as control group children and children from Mangali village acted as experimental group children. Mothers of these children were also interviewed to assess the involvement level in motor skills development activities of their children. Stimulating programme was provided to experimental group children by involving their mothers for a period of one month on alternate days. Post-testing of children and mothers was done after a gap of one month to examine the impact of stimulating programme. After implementation of stimulating programme there was significant increase in scores of experimental group children. These results clearly indicated the impact of stimulating activity programme on experimental group children. Stimulating programme improved the motor skills of these children. Gain in scores of experimental group children were significantly higher than those of control group children. Maternal involvement in motor skills development activities also improved significantly in experimental groups.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Child labour in handloom industries in Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Saini, Chandni; Balda, Shanti
    India has been identified as the world capital of child labour. The total estimate of child labour in India is about 17 million out of which 2 million are engaged in hazardous occupations like carpet industry, glass works, fire works and chemical industries. Child labour exists not because children are more capable workers but because they can be hired for less money. Child labour has been operationalized as working children less than 14 years of age, working outside the family, individually or with parents in different occupations either paid or unpaid to supplement family income. Many studies have been conducted on the phenomena of child labour but in II Haryana where, 1,28,000 main child, whereas 26,000 are marginal child workers. Hence present study has been undertaken to know the nature and cause of child labour, working conditions and welfare facilities and impact of working conditions and welfare facilities on development of child labourers. Also to know the parents perception towards child labour in handloom industries. The study has been conducted in handloom industries of Panipat district of Haryana state. Study revealed that majority of child labourers were in the age group ranging between 11+-14 years, belonged to scheduled and backward castes, hailed from nuclear family. Most of the parents of child labourer’s were labour in handloom industries and majority of them were living below poverty line. Regarding nature of work, children were engaged in dyeing (35%), pitloom (32%), powerloom (13%) and packing (20%) section in handloom industries. Miserable conditions of child workers depicted from the fact that children started working at an early age. Regarding working hours, 85 per cent were working above the prescribed hour that is 10-12 hours per day. These children had not facilities for eduction, there is not proper medical facilities at their work place. Significant association was found between income of the family, educational level, age and health status of child labourers. Result revealed that effect of labour work on health status of children as nearly 69 per cent children had poor health status (grade-I and grade-II). Children faced many health problems due to their occupation and more working hours such as suffocation and coughing. Majority of children had no awareness about Child Labour Act and Right of Children. Regarding perception of parents towards child labour, majority of parents perceived that their children are deprived of educational opportunities, looked down by others, deprived of play opportunities and are exploited in industries.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates S6 and cloning of cry1C gene in escherichia coli
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Shanker, Shardul; Kamla Chaudhary
    The increased public concerns of the potential adverse environmental effects of the extensive use of chemical insecticides, together with slow momentum of discovering second and third generation insecticides, has stimulated research worldover to screen native Bt population its bioefficacy against target insect pests. During the present investigation, studies were under taken to optimize conditions for production of biomass of Bt S6 using low cost substrates. Experiments were conducted to evaluate its bioefficacy against Helicoverpa armigera under field conditions. Attempts were also made to clone cry 1C of isolate S6 in E.coil. To reduce the cost of production medium, agro-byproducts can be used as the major ingredients for large scale production of B. thuringiensis biomass. Maximum biomass of Bt S6 (cfu) was produced when potato extract at a concentration of 13 % was used as carbon source. Although tryptone and peptone were found to be best nitrogen sources but because of high cost other low cost nitrogen sources were evaluated for biomass production. It was observed that cotton seed meal at 0.75 % level could be used for Bt S6 biomass production (7x109). The Bt S6 biomass produced in OPM was comparable to standard LB medium. B. thuringiensis isolate S6 at 1x109 cells/ml showed maximum insect mortality of 95-100 % against H .armigera under laboratory conditions after 96 h of treatment. However, under field conditions, insect mortality of about 76 % was observed in cotton when Bt culture was used at a concentration of 1x109 cells/ml. At lower cell concentration (1x108 cells/ml), insect mortality of about 73% was observed in cotton. The Optimum temperature for biomass production was found to be 350c. There was a significant decrease in the biomass production with increase or decrease in temp. The optimum pH of the medium for biomass production was found to be 6.00. To detect the presence of cry1C gene in Bt isolate S6, total genomic DNA was amplified by PCR using cry 1C gene specific primers. The PCR product of 1.5 kb size was amplified by using S6 DNA as template and cloned in E.coli. Four plasmid DNA samples out of 8 showed amplification with cry1C specific primers. However, the size of cry 1C gene is about 3.8 kb, suggesting that the cry 1C insert is a partial clone only.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adolescents problems from rural and urban single parent families
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Kavita Devi; Duhan, Krishna
    Present study was carried out with the aim to assess the existing problems of adolescents from single parent families, to compare the adolescents problems and urban single parent families and to delineate the ecological factors affecting adolescents problems. The study was carried out in randomly selected Hisar district of Haryana state. City area of the selected district was taken purposively to have urban respondents. From the selected district two villages were selected randomly. A sample of 120 adolescents (15-19 years) was drawn purposively from the selected senior secondary schools of rural and urban city areas. Data were collected personally with the help of self developed questionnaire on social, economic, emotional and family relationship problems faced by adolescents in single parent families. The results revealed that most of the adolescents were female, belonged to nuclear families and were from low income families. More than half of the respondent’s parents availed benefits of any government scheme. Most of the parents adopted authoritative parental discipline technique. Results revealed that most of the adolescents faced medium and high level of various problems. The rural respondents faced higher level of problems as compared to urban respondents. Comparative analysis of results revealed no significant difference between rural and urban respondents. It was found that female respondents faced higher level of social, emotional and family relationship problems as compared to male respondents. The microsystems variables i.e. sex, landholding, income, adolescent’s relation with grandparents and activities at school were found significantly associated with social, economic and emotional problems of adolescents. The mesosystem variables such as occupation of parents also reported significant association with economic and emotional problems of adolescents. Exosystem variables such as parent’s take benefit of any government scheme, development facilities at school and surrounding community also reported significant association with social and economic problems. The macrosystem of children also influenced their social, economic and emotional problems.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Human ecological systems and mental health of adolescents
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Sunita; Chhikara, Sudha
    Mental health is the capacity to work, capacity to love and the capacity to play for recreation (World Health Organization, 1993). Mental health is how people think, feel and act as they face life’s situations. It affects how young people handle stress, relates to other people and make decisions. Eaton and Peterson (1967) described a mentally healthy adult as “a person who is free of psychiatric disease, has a general feeling of well being, function at or near his full biological capacity, is competent in dealing with his environment, and has good ego strength. The present investigation was conducted to assess the mental health of adolescents. A comparative analysis was done to know the differences between rural and urban, male and female adolescents of 12-18 years age group. Haryana state was selected purposively while Sirsa district was selected purposively. From Sirsa district Dabwali block was selected randomly, city area of this block was purposively taken for urban sample while village Goriwala was randomly selected. A sample of 200 adolescents, 100 from rural and 100 from urban schools, was taken. Independent variables considered were Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem. Mental health of adolescents was taken as dependent variables. In the process of assessment of mental health, Mental Health Battery (2000) by Arun Kumar Singh and Alpana Sen Gupta was used. A questionnaire was developed pretested and used to gather data for human ecological factors of respondents. The findings portrayed that most of the respondents of 15-18 years of age group were from rural and urban areas. Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear and medium sized families. Parents of most of the respondent were educated upto primary or middle class. The neighbourhood status of most of the respondents was middle class and their families were having good relationships with their neighbours. Most of the parents adopted authoritative disciplining technique for their children. The variable of human ecological environment exerted a powerful influence on the mental health of the adolescents. Human ecological variables such as education of father, discipline by parents, family income, caste, general health status, surrounding and location, relationship with grandparents, visiting to or visiting by family friends and relatives, occupation of mother, relationship with neighbourhood, interaction with neighbourhood, membership of club or organization were found to be significantly associated with mental health components while other factors were not significantly associated with mental health of young adolescents, but as the human ecological system work as interconnected networks, so all the factors can be said to be directly and indirectly associated with all the components of mental health of adolescents. Differences was found to be significant between rural and urban males adolescents (12-15 years) for emotional stability, overall adjustment and autonomy which are the components of mental health, whereas non-significant differences were observed between rural and urban females (12-15 years) for these component of mental health. Further significant differences were found between rural and urban males adolescents (15-18 years) for emotional stability and overall adjustment. Significant differences were found between rural and urban female adolescents (15-18 years) for emotional stability, self-concept and intelligence. Few strategies are suggested to cope with mental health problems viz. population based intervention programme, training to the parents, school programmes, establishment of adolescent guidance centre, yoga and spiritual programme, organization of teens and adolescents discussion.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cognitive competence of pre-schoolers in relation to maternal intellectual abilities and home environment
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Poonam; Chandra K. Singh
    The present study was conducted in urban rural area in Hisar city of Haryana with the aim to assess the cognitive competence of pre-schoolers and the intellectual abilities of their mothers and to find out the influence of maternal intelligence, socio-economic status and home environment on the cognitive competence of the pre-schoolers. Experimental material comprised 240 respondents from that the 120 were their mothers and 120 were the pre-schoolers selected from both rural (60) and urban (6) during the age of 2-3 years. From rural area anganwadis and homes of two villages namely Singhran and Harita were visited and from urban area preschools and homes were selected in Hisar city. The simple comprised of 30 boys and 30 girls in the age group of 2-3 years from both the location. Results regarding profiles of children indicated that majority of the children’s parents had education up to senior secondary level in rural areas and upto graduation level in urban areas. With regard to occupation majority of children belonged to agricultural background in rural areas and service in urban areas whereas in case of family time in rural area the most of children belonged to the medium size of family and in urban they belonged to small size family. Majority of children belonged to nuclear family in both the areas. Children from urban areas surpassed children from rural areas in cognitive competence on Bayley scale. The cognitive competence of children was significantly correlated with the maternal intelligence in urban area. Regarding associations the cognitive competence of children was not influenced by the socio-economic status in both the location. Some aspects of home environment such as learning and language stimulation, acceptance and the total home environment were significantly associated with intellectual abilities of urban children whereas only two aspects namely learning and physical stimulation were significantly associated with intellectual abilities of rural children.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Language development and environmental stimulation of 3-5 years old rural children
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Saini, Renu; Manocha, Anju
    The present investigation was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana to assess the language development and environmental stimulation of 3-5 years old rural children. Experimental material comprised 120 respondents selected from Ludas and Kaimari village. Results regarding profile of children indicated that most of respondents had 3rd ordinal position with two siblings. Maximum parents of respondents were found illiterate, belonged to low caste, having nuclear family with medium size. Maximum mothers were housewife and primary caregiver. Whereas maximum fathers were engaged in labour work having family income of Rs. 2001-3000 per month. Low level of language development was observed as per standards of RDLS,male superiority was observed in 3-4 years age group but in 4-5 years age group females were found slightly better than males. Majority of respondents could not achieve linguistic milestones required for that chronological age. Only age-wise significant differences were observed for verbal comprehension A and B (VCA, VCB) and expressive language (ExLa). Parents provided low quality of environmental stimulation. Significant differences were found between almost all ecological factors with language development. Ecological factor also influenced environmental stimulation. Majority of children were severely malnourished, among them more number of females were malnourished. Physical development status (height, weight) was influenced by environmental stimulation. Significant association was found between language development and physical development status of respondents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adoption feasibility of lemon based preserved products in rural Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Punia, Anusha; Goel, Rita
    The study was conducted in Haryana state of Hisar district by selecting two blocks randomly namely Hisar-I and Hansi-I and by selecting two villages from each of the selected block at random. Thus, Ladwa and Mirka villages from Hisar-I, Dhanderi and Sultanpur from Hansi-I block were selected. A sample of 200 rural women were selected at random to assess pre-exposure knowledge, attitude, awareness and utilization of lemon products among rural women and for intervention programme 100 rural women were taken. The data were collected by the researcher with the help of duly pre-tested interview schedule. Intervention programme was designed for selected four lemon based preserved products for 100 rural women. All of the respondent covered under intervention programme obtained only 19.5 per cent in ingredients and 21.6 per cent scores in steps in sweet lemon pickle at pre-exposure stage. But at post-exposure stage, respondents obtained maximum scores 86.2 per cent in ingredients used in lemon squash and 93.0 per cent in steps taken in lemon pickle in oil and lemon rind pickle. Maximum knowledge gain in ingredients was observed in lemon squash (84.2%). About steps, maximum knowledge gain was observed in lemon squash (88.3%). At pre-exposure stage, majority of respondents (55.0%) had neutral attitude while at post-exposure stage, 63.0 per cent of respondents acquired favourable attitude towards lemon products. Adoption feasibility of lemon products was found to be the highest in triability (88.0%) followed by simplicity/complexity (87.4%), physical compatibility (81.2%), cultural compatibility (80.0%) and relative advantage (79.8%). The most frequently perceived constraint for adoption of lemon products were marketing problem (81.0%) followed by lack of credit facility (53.0%), lack of confidence (50.0%), non-recognition by family (43.0%), lack of personal interest (31.0%), non-recognition by society (14.0%) and non-availability of the lemons (1.0%).