Loading...
M. Sc. Dissertations
Browse
64 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Toxicity of some insecticides to Trichogramma chilonis Ishii(CCSHAU, 2004) Krishan Kumar; Chhillar, B.S.Studies on the influence of 12 insecticides viz. Lindane 20 EC, neem (Achook 0.03 %), profenofos 50 EC, triazophos 40 EC, chlorpyriphos 20 EC, fenvalerate 20 EC, alphamethrin 10 EC, quinalphos 25 EC, carbaryl 50 WP, deltamethrin 2.8 EC, cypermethrin 25 EC and Bacillus thuringiensis (Halt 5 WP) on different biological parameters of T. Chilonis using Corcyra cephalonica Stainton as laboratory host were carried at 27 1oc and 75 5 % relative humidity in the Biocontrol Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Parasitization of C. Cephalonica eggs when exposed to T. Chilonis after insecticidal treatment was highest (except control, 28.50 %) in B. Thuringiensis (22.13 %) followed by neem (19.50 %). No parasitization was recorded when host eggs treated with lindane, profenofos, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin treated host eggs. Parasitization in case of triazophos, fenvalerate, alphamethrin and carbaryl ranged between 2.47 to 3.07 per cent. Adult emergence from such parasitized eggs was highest i n B. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thuringiensis (88.30 %) followed by neem (80.88 %) and lowest in carbaryl (38.46 %). Sex ratio did not differ significantly among the treatments. When parasitized eggs (3 days old) of C. Cephalonica were dipped in different insecticidal solutions highest adult emergence (except control) was observed in B. Thuringiensis (84.60 %) followed by neem (73.20 %). No adult emergence was observed from parasitized eggs treated with lindane, profenofos, chlorpyriphos and quinalphos. Female longevity among the insecticides was highest in B. Thuringiensis (18.00 days) while lowest in carbaryl (0.25 days) and in control 20.10 days. Fecundity was highest in control (219.7 eggs) followed by B. Thuringiensis (195.3 eggs). Lowest fecundity was observed in triazophos (116.4 eggs) which was at par with deltamethrin (121.1 days). In residual toxicity test carbaryl was the insecticide which retained toxicity for maximum number of days (15 days) followed by lindane (10 days). Any insecticide in residual toxicity test did not influence adult emergence and sex ratio (per cent females in progeny). When adults of T. Chilonis were exposed to cotton leaves after 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days of spray only carbaryl caused mortality upto 15 days followed by lindane (10 days). On the basis of LC50 values, lindane (0.00059 %) was found most toxic insecticide as compared to others. Parasitization at LC50 was highest in B. Thuringiensis (84.51 %) and lowest in lindane (38.21 %).ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of various grain protectants against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infesting chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.) seeds(CCSHAU, 2004) Sunil Kumar; Singal, Shiv KThe chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.) is having vital role in the diet of people and stands first in area and production in the country and plays an important role in the agricultural economy of India. Use of quality seed is the basic input in crop production. After harvest, the seeds have to be stored for different periods before these are actually used for sowing in the next season. Under normal storage conditions, chickpea is damaged by a bruchid viz. Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) upto a great extent. Synthetic organic chemicals are used to protect stored pulses and found effective in controlling the pest but having toxic effect to grain and human beings. This has led to diversity the control measures that should be non-toxic and effective approach against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The present investigations were carried out to study the efficacy of grain protectants i.e. neem seed kernel powder @ 20 g/kg, neem oil @ 10 ml/kg, Mustard oil @ 7.5ml/kg, groundnut oil @ 7.5 ml/kg, turmeric powder @ 3.5 g/kg mustard oil + turmeric powder @ 3.75 ml + 1.75g/kg, groundnut oil + turmeric powder @ 3.75ml+1.75g/kg, saw dust (7cm covering) sand (7cm covering), dung cake ash (7cm covering) and wheat husk (7cm covering) against C. chinensis and their effect on germination of chickpea seeds (var. HC-3). There were a total of 12 treatments and each treatment was replicated thrice including untreated seeds as control and kept in plastic as well as glass jars under ambient storage conditions. All the oils and dung cake ash gave significantly higher adult pulse beetle mortality as compared to untreated control. On the basis of number of eggs laid, adult emergence and seed damage saw dust, sand and dung cake ash (7cm covering each) were considered as most effective against C. chinensis. None of the grain protectant treatments had an adverse effect on germination and vigour index except oils and mixture of oils with turmeric powder which slightly hampered the standard germination of chickpea seeds.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of insect pollinators on seed crop of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck)(CCSHAU, 2014) Suman Devi; OmbirThe present study was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India). Twenty seven insect species belonging to 14 families under 5 orders were observed visiting the flowers of broccoli. In variety BFT-1, A. dorsata was the most abundant visitor (2.90) followed by A. mellifera (2.30), A. cerana (1.20), A. florea (0.80) and syrphid fly were least frequent visitor (0.20), in variety GH-1 A. mellifera was the most abundant visitor (7.34) followed by A. florea (6.67), A. dorsata (2.15), syrphid fly (1.84) and A. cerana (1.22) and in varieties LPH-1 and DPH-1, A. mellifera was the most abundant visitor (5.96 and 7.00) followed by A. florea (4.46 and 5.50), syrphid fly (2.97 and 3.30), A. dorsata (2.62 and 2.41 ) and A. cerana (1.66 and 2.40). The mean foraging speed, in varieties BFT-1, GH-1, LPH-1 and DPH-1 was maximum in case of A. florea (28.29, 38.54, 37.44 and 36.72, respectively) followed by A. dorsata (5.19, 5.24, 5.24 and 5.20, respectively), A. mellifera (4.54, 4.54, 4.52 and 4.50, respectively ), A. cerana (3.56, 3.51, 3.58 and 3.59, respectively) and syrphid fly (1.90, 2.65, 2.67 and 2.60, respectively). The mean foraging rate in varieties BFT-1, GH-1, LPH-1 and DPH-1 was maximum in case of syrphid fly (14.18, 17.61, 17.42 and 17.33, respectively) followed by A. cerana (10.26, 10.29, 10.27 and 10.32, respectively), A. mellifera (9.27, 10.04, 10.00 and 10.31, respectively), A. dorsata (7.84, 7.88, 7.77 and 7.80, respectively) and A. florea (1.42, 1.71, 1.71 and 1.72, respectively). The average number of broccoli siliqua/plant, siliqua length, number of seeds/siliqua, seed vigour-I, seed vigour-II, test weight and germination per cent under open-pollination were significantly higher than without insect pollination. Number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/10 siliqua, siliqua length (cm), test weight (g), germination (%) and seed vigour-I, seed vigour-II of uncaged and caged broccoli plants were 3,362.0 and 672.6, 118.75 and 25.85, 6.79 and 3.54, 2.888 and 2.092, 87.50 and 30.25, 1,471.65 and 418.40 and 0.662 and 0.112, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Bioecology of castor capsule borer, conogethes punctiferalis guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)(CCSHAU, 2016) Shivakumar K.; Gaur, Ram KaranField and laboratory studies on Bioecology of castor capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) were carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional research station, Bawal during 2015-16. Studies on biology of C. punctiferalis showed that eggs of this species were pale white, round, oval shaped and found singly or in groups of 4 to 7. The incubation period varied from 4 to 5 days. There were five larval instars and the total larval duration varied from 15 to 20 days. The pupa was dark brown in colour, obtect and pupal period varied from 9 to 11 days. Female moth having tuft of anal hairs but it is absent in case of male moth. Male moths of C. punctiferalis were smaller (mean 21.90��0.70 mm in wing expense) than female (mean 23.40��1.24 mm in wing expense). Adult male lived for 5 to 6 days whereas female for 6 to 7 days. The total life span of male ranged from 34 to 73 days, while that of female from 35 to 76 days in different generations. There was a ifference in sex ratio, being in favour of female both in laboratory and field condition. The pest completed five generations in a year. The presence of brown frass and fecal pellets around the entrance hole was the symptom of infestation of this pest. The observations on pest infestation showed that infestation fluctuated from 2.0 to 14.2 per cent. The peak level of infestation (14.2 per cent) was recorded during November 16-30, 2015. The pest infestation showed negative correlation with maximum temperature (-0.394), minimum temperature (-0.346) and rainfall (-0.121) whereas positive correlation with morning (0.479) and evening (0.206) relative humidity. This pest caused 10.5 per cent seed infestation in castor, 2 to 5 percent damage on guava fruit whereas no infestation was found on ber, aonla and mulberry. The castor capsule borer caused the economic loss an approximately Rs. 7560 per hectare in castor crop.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the emergence of white grubs and their management in groundnut(CCSHAU, 2007) Chauhan, Rahul; Dashad, S.S.Emergence pattern of white grub beetles in relation with abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) using light trap and their management in groundnut by using different insecticides/biopesticides as seed treatment and pre-sowing soil application were evaluated during kharif, 2005 at the Research farm of CCS, HAU Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari). White grub beetles trapped on light trap were observed from Ist May to end of November. MH-4 cultivar of groundnut was used in RBD design with 3 replications of 15 treatments in 5m x 4m plot size. Chlorphyriphos 20 EC and quinalphos 25 EC @ 15 ml per kg seed were chemical insecticides used while among biopesticides different doses of Pseudomonas maltophila (PM-4) @ 15, 20 and 25 g per kg seed , Pseudomonas spp. (P-7) @ 15, 20 and 25 g per kg seed, Bt (Halt), Bt (Local strain) @ 20 g per kg seed and Azadirachtin 15 EC @ 20 ml per kg seed were used as seed treatment. Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare and poultry manure @ 2.5 and 5 tonne per hectare were used as pre-sowing soil application and one untreated check (control), were used to study the control of white grub. Emergence of white grub started from 18th standard week after first pre-monsoon rainfall of the season. Total 13 species (1998 beetles) of white grub were reported with maximum number of beetles of Holotrichia consanguinea (1214 beetles) followed by H. serrata (382 beetles). Peak emergence of beetles was reported in the month of July. White grub emergence was positively correlated with the temperature (r = 0.82), relative humidity (r = 0.77) and rainfall (r = 0.69). Groundnut germination was maximum (12.44 plants/2 mrl) in pre-sowing application of poultry manure @ 5 tonne per hectare and seed treatment with Pseudomonas spp. (P-7) @ 25 g per kg seed. Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare, P. maltophila (PM=4) @ 15.0 and 20.0 gm per kg seed, Bt (Halt) and Bt (Local) @ 20 g per kg seed hampered the germination. Significantly minimum mortality was observed in phorate 10 G (8.97%) followed by chlorpyriphos 20 EC (13.73%) and quinalphos 25 EC (18.87%). Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare recorded highest net gain over control (31, 830 Rs.) followed by quinalphos 25 EC (28,235 Rs.) and chlorpyriphos 25 EC (26,183 Rs.).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the emergence of white grubs and their management in groundnut(CCSHAU, 2007) Chauhan, Rahul; Dashad, S.S.Emergence pattern of white grub beetles in relation with abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) using light trap and their management in groundnut by using different insecticides/biopesticides as seed treatment and pre-sowing soil application were evaluated during kharif, 2005 at the Research farm of CCS, HAU Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari). White grub beetles trapped on light trap were observed from Ist May to end of November. MH-4 cultivar of groundnut was used in RBD design with 3 replications of 15 treatments in 5m x 4m plot size. Chlorphyriphos 20 EC and quinalphos 25 EC @ 15 ml per kg seed were chemical insecticides used while among biopesticides different doses of Pseudomonas maltophila (PM-4) @ 15, 20 and 25 g per kg seed , Pseudomonas spp. (P-7) @ 15, 20 and 25 g per kg seed, Bt (Halt), Bt (Local strain) @ 20 g per kg seed and Azadirachtin 15 EC @ 20 ml per kg seed were used as seed treatment. Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare and poultry manure @ 2.5 and 5 tonne per hectare were used as pre-sowing soil application and one untreated check (control), were used to study the control of white grub. Emergence of white grub started from 18th standard week after first pre-monsoon rainfall of the season. Total 13 species (1998 beetles) of white grub were reported with maximum number of beetles of Holotrichia consanguinea (1214 beetles) followed by H. serrata (382 beetles). Peak emergence of beetles was reported in the month of July. White grub emergence was positively correlated with the temperature (r = 0.82), relative humidity (r = 0.77) and rainfall (r = 0.69). Groundnut germination was maximum (12.44 plants/2 mrl) in pre-sowing application of poultry manure @ 5 tonne per hectare and seed treatment with Pseudomonas spp. (P-7) @ 25 g per kg seed. Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare, P. maltophila (PM=4) @ 15.0 and 20.0 gm per kg seed, Bt (Halt) and Bt (Local) @ 20 g per kg seed hampered the germination. Significantly minimum mortality was observed in phorate 10 G (8.97%) followed by chlorpyriphos 20 EC (13.73%) and quinalphos 25 EC (18.87%). Phorate 10 G @ 25 kg per hectare recorded highest net gain over control (31, 830 Rs.) followed by quinalphos 25 EC (28,235 Rs.) and chlorpyriphos 25 EC (26,183 Rs.).ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for field resistance against major insect pests(CCSHAU, 2007) Choudri, Chandrashekhar; Malik, V.S.Twenty-five genotypes of eggplant were evaluated for field resistance during 2006 against major insect pests namely, shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee), whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula(Ishida)and lace wing bug, Urentius sentis Distant. On the basis of mean number of sucking insect pests at peak infestation period, three resistant (PB–64, Ganaur and Pb Barasati), three moderately resistant (Pb. Jamunigola, Sel-4 and HLB–12), three susceptible (BB–102, CH–157–16–4 and H– 19–3) along with two check genotypes (Hisar Pragati and CH–157–16–4) were selected for elaborate studies. Similarly the genotypes were classified based on infestation level of fruits by shoot and fruit borer on number basis as one tolerant (HLB–12), two susceptible (NDB–28–2 and BB–46), five highly susceptible (BB–102, APAU–4, Sel–4, BB–16–3 and (H–157–16–4) and two check genotypes (Hisar Pragati and BR–112). The resistant genotypes harboured significantly (p=0.05) less population of leafhopper (1.5 to 2.0 nymphs/leaf), whitefly (1.1 to 1.5 adults/leaf) and lace wing bug (1.4 to 1.8 nymphs and adults/leaf) than the susceptible genotypes manifesting 5.0 to 5.5 leafhopper/leaf, 4.9 to 5.1 whitefly/leaf and 2.3 to 2.5 lace wing bug/leaf at the peak infestation period. Similarly the tolerant genotype HLB-12 exhibited significantly (p=0.05) less (29 %) fruit damage by shoot and fruit borer than the highly susceptible genotypes (42.00 to 61.50 % fruit damage). -ii- The impact of trichome density on leafhopper (r = –0.84), whitefly (r = – 0.90) and lace wing bug (r = –0.62) was negative and significant. However, except leafhopper where the trichome length (r = –0.62), had shown negative and significant correlation with nymph population, the impact of trichome length was non-significant with whitefly and lace wing bug incidence. Correlation of thickness of pericarp (r = 0.80) and mesocarp (r = 0.70) were positive and significant, while the impact of fruit length was non-significant with the incidence of shoot and fruit borer. Among phytochemicals in leaves, moisture, crude protein, total sugars, nitrogen contents were positive and significant while phenols were negative and significant with the incidence of leafhopper and whitefly. Among phytochemicals in fruits, moisture (r = 0.89 ), crude protein (r = 0.68), nitrogen (r = 0.69) contents were positive and significant while total sugars (r = -0.67), fiber (r = -0.76), tannin (r = - 0.85) and phenol (r = -0.80) contents were negative and significant with per cent fruit infestation by shoot and fruit borer. Mineral constituents showed marginal effects on the incidence of sucking insect pests and shoot and fruit borer.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the economic threshold and management of coriander aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)(CCSHAU, 2007) M. Karuppaiya; Kalra, V.K.Studies on the economic threshold and management of coriander aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was undertaken during ‘rabi’ 2006-07. Two experiments viz., “To determine the economic threshold for Hyadaphis coriandri (Das) on coriander” and “To study the effect of different management practices on the incidence of Hyadaphis coriandri (Das)” were conducted. The experiment to determine the economic threshold (ET) for H. coriandri (Das) on coriander var. Hisar Anand comprised of eight exposure periods to aphids. The crop was protected from aphids (using carbaryl 50 WP @ 1kg/ha), when 5 to 10 aphids per 10cm main shoot/umbel was observed on 10 per cent of plants. The benefit cost ratios were worked out on the basis of monetary returns over control and plant protection cost. The economic threshold for H. coriandri infesting coriander crop var. Hisar Anand under Hisar, Haryana agro-climatic conditions were worked out with the help of linear regression equation Y= . ET for aphid was worked out to be 25.88 per 10cm main shoot/umbel on the basis of benefit cost ratio, which was the highest (14.79) in treatment where ten days exposure to aphids was given. Studies conducted on the effect of date of sowing and fertilizer/manure application were undertaken in an experiment laid out in split plot design. While date of sowing (two dates) was kept as main plot, fertilizer/manure application (four levels) was put in sub-plots. The aphids started appearing from the middle of February, 07 and its peak was observed during the second week of March, 07. The maximum number of aphids (19.07 aphids/10 cm main shoot/umbel) was recorded in treatment D2 (3rd week of November) as compared to 18.32 aphids per 10 cm main shoot/umbel in treatment D1 (1st week of November). The highest aphid population of 19.50 aphids per 10 cm main shoot/umbel was observed in treatment F2 (100 kg N/ha + 50 kg P2O5/ha). This was followed by treatment F3 (50 kg N/ha + 25 kg P2O5/ha and FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha), F1 (FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha) and F4 (no fertilizer/manure application), harbouring 18.92, 18.32 and 18.05 aphids per 10 cm main shoot/umbel, respectively. The data revealed that crop sown at normal date (D1: 1st week of November) afforded the best figures with respect to height of the plant (103.04 cm), number of primary branches per plant (6.57), number of secondary branches per plant (18.57), number of umbels per plant (46.73), number of seeds per umbel (42.57), test weight (16.89g) and seed yield (18.00 q/ha). The corresponding figures for each of the traits in the crop sown late (D2) were significantly lower. The crop, where recommended doses of fertilizer (F2) were applied, afforded the best figures with respect to height of the plant (107.83cm), number of primary branches per plant (6.65), number of secondary branches per plant (19.92), number of umbels per plant (47.67) and seed yield (18.86 q/ha). On the other hand, the maximum number of seeds per umbel (41.95) and highest test weight (16.98g) was observed in the plots where only FYM (F1) was applied.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the biology and population dynamics of rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee(CCSHAU, 2007) Zood, Ankit; Maan SinghPopulation dynamics and biology of rice leaffolder were carried out in the field, laboratory and screen-house at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, rice research station, Kaul (Kaithal) during Kharif 2006. The population of rice leaffolder fluctuated in different periods during the season The maximum number of eggs, larvae and pupae were observed during the 35th week ( i.e 4th week of August), 36th week ( i.e 1st week September) and 37th week ( i.e 2nd week of September),respectively. Indicating that maximum population predominated in September-October. Larval and pupal parasitism was good during the season while egg parasitism was almost nil. Apanteles sp. and Cotesia sp. were observed the dominating larval parasitoid. While Brachymeria sp. and Xanthopimpla flavolineata were dominating pupal parasitoids. A spider Lycosa sp. was observed to predate upon larvae and pupae of leaf folder. Total eggs with rainfall and parasitoids shows negative correlation. When total larval population correlated with biotic and abiotic factors it shows positive correlation with maximum temperature and sunshine hours while negative correlation with other factors. Pupal population exhibits positive correlation with maximum temperature, sunshine hours and predators only. The eggs were laid singly or in clusters of two to four maximum (48.20%) on lower surface of leaf followed by upper surface (32.95%). The Incubation period was 5.32 ±o.02 days and hatchability ranging from 55.31-77.73 per cent. Full grown larvae measured 15.59 ± 0.24 mm in length and 1.22 ± 0.22 mm in breadth with 1.11 ± 0.03 mm length and 1.22 ± 0.24 mm breadth in head capsule. Female pupae were longer in length than male pupae. The leaffolder completed its post-embryonic development in 30.34 ± 0.48 days (males) 31.16 ± 0.51 days(females) and passed through five instars with 56.66 ± 1.70 per cent (larval survival), 51.32 ± 0.80 (per cent pupation) and 89.60 ± 1.29 per cent (moth emergence). The mean larval and pupal period (male and female) was 22.10 ± 0.39 and 6.86 ± 0.06, 7.64 ± 0.09 days, respectively. Preoviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period were 1.7 ± 0.05, 4.5 ± 0.03 and 2.4 ± .03 days, respectively. The average longevity of male and female was 3.4 ± 0.06 and 8.7 ± .05 days, respectively. The average fecundity was 100.6 ± 8.6 egg/female with 70.74 ± 2.7 per cent hatching. Sex ratio showed pre pondrance of male (1:0.91).The adult male was short lived 3.4±0.06 days as compared to female 8.7±0.05 days. The rice leaffolder passed through three generation during kharif season.